here to indoctrinate but to listen. plus ninety connect to an unbiased agenda subscribe now on you tube. that the world has changed weather is getting more extreme.

of. the day via struggling like me talking about people on the moon in the millions and it talking up of people in the billions of drought floods hurricanes that areas are being devastated by environmental catastrophe how many people will be forced to leave their homes by the mid century not due to conflict in war but due to climate change we appear to be on the path to a troubling future. from

mr hill region to southeast asia from the pacific to the caribbean some people are fleeing rising waters others drought. the world's population began to soar about two hundred years ago soon it will top ten billion greenhouse gases are rising apace the resulting warming of the earth's atmosphere is wreaking havoc on the climate humankind which is responsible for this warming is becoming its victim more and more people are forced to leave their homes . inequality is being exacerbated by climate change wealthy industrialized nations are polluting our air while the main victims live in

the global south for example in indonesia. which means happy beach lies on the indian ocean due to rising seas and heavy rainfall the village is sinking into the sea. the flooding continues even now during dry season. the local primary school is down and smells of rot parents say conditions are intolerable and more than half the children have been taken out of school. most. teachers in primary grades. he attended this school himself and is determined to persevered. his classroom flooded for the first time in twenty thirteen. well when that conditions here are very very

difficult for us we often have to send the children home when the classrooms flood the children sit with their legs in water. regular instruction has become impossible the children are falling behind within the next five or six years rahmatullah believes the school will be submerged. it will be abandoned along with the village. what will it look like here three decades from now in the year two thousand and fifty. dam there will be the most extreme conditions off of four with our seventeen thousand islands that will of course and that will be if not by the sea so life will not be the same as here there is a lot of illness there will be plagues and the economy growth of the

whole world will be disturbed by horizontal strife. one against the other because fighting for food water maybe erasure that very sad picture twenty fifty. for the for the indonesian special envoy the catastrophic impact of unchecked climate change is the biggest challenge facing humankind today ten years ago the topic was barely on the radar. jakarta the capital of indonesia with some ten million residents it's the largest city in southeast asia around thirty million people live in a metropolitan area making it the second largest urban conglomeration in the world . the fish markets are

located in north jakarta the scent of the ocean lies in the air mixing with the odors of the city. just a few kilometers from the city center the problems confronting this tropical metropolis become apparent residents struggle with small heat heavy traffic pollution population density and poor hygenic conditions and with increasing frequency flooding. the slum district of data is located near the airport it's five thousand residents used to live near the sea but these days it almost looks like they live in it. eco zoom are no has lived and died up since the one nine hundred seventy s. he and his neighbors have watched the rising sea level with concern. at least once a month in the flooding reaches his knees. sometimes the water remains two days sometimes a week. it floated here for the first time around the year two thousand.

first it was just a few centimeters. since two thousand and ten the flooding has been getting higher and higher but it's never been as bad as it is now. in jakarta the district's closest to the coast face the biggest problems poor neighborhoods like will be among the first to meet complete relocation. of the slums most at risk are situated along a wide corridor that snakes through the city says urban planner marco cousteau might be. the floods all only of course the areas of the flood. was so obvious three months in the city center of chicago for a view from my office. kumasi jaya is director of the rw jack center for

urban studies which searches for solutions for climate related problems right now their focus is the depletion of groundwater from the area the declining water table has even more serious consequences than rising sea levels. it's causing the ground to sink and large parts of the city with it it is beginning to get most of the. on the bill to the sea level rises. at between four to six millimeters when your butt was is that the law. is subsiding by. twenty cent meat. in february two thousand and thirteen nearly half of jakarta was underwater. scenes like this are likely to become increasingly common. ocean levels continue to rise

the land is collapsing and heavy rains are becoming more frequent. about one third of jakarta is currently below sea level environmental problems are causing a growing number of people to flee the city but most want to remain or have no other choice in an effort to protect the capital the government has begun building a seawall. but only six of the plan fifty kilometers have been built. and even their water is finding its way through it's becoming clear that everything located directly on the water will one day fall victim to it like this mosque. the bacteria's actually. neighborhoods would be flooded because rich

neighborhoods have raised them so you know but exactly because they have raised their good all so the water. really flowed to sort of the poor neighborhood. poor districts located along one of jakarta's thirteen rivers often stay submerged for weeks when the floodwaters rise. areas near the chile one river are most at risk like this low income district by the chile one tributary tom call situated just four hundred meters from the ocean the drivers housekeepers fishermen construction workers and such that live here all face climate change related risks this estimates that sixty five percent for a patient will be directly. affected by sed which is about people of sixty

five percent of the three hundred million philip million this hundred seventy million people in. an island nation and six thousand items that. will be destroyed if they came up with figures of fourteen million four zero million because the people and those. effects of landslides. lot of fourteen million people. and those involved may have to leave their homes. indonesia is prone to a variety of natural disasters from cyclons to mudslides flooding to drought but

there is one place that has that risk of all of these the island of java. and it's here that one of the world's most densely populated areas is located jakarta. the city's infamous traffic jams last almost until midnight only to resume again at dawn. more than three point five million people commute into the city every day. just one hundred kilometers southeast the bustle of jakarta is a distant memory. chair in your district is situated at the foot of to an active volcanoes. it's one of java's most fertile farming regions. that. the rice vegetables and fruit grown here help feed the country's capital

the villages around here is accessible only by motorbike or on foot. due to durrani runs a small coffee plantation here like his father and grandfather he is a farmer. coffee used to be a safe crop choice it fetched a better price than vegetables and was hardier than rice. but that's changing. when i was younger all farmers would plant during rainy season so january february and march. and then everyone would harvest during dry season. but now my colleagues and i are desperate . because it's often dry in the rainy season and in the dry season it rains. we are paying the price for climate change our harvests have dropped massively by about sixty percent. nearly half of local farmers have given up they've moved

to other parts of indonesia or left the country altogether. some have become construction workers in saudi arabia but due to roni doesn't want to join them. yet the back on. i can't imagine doing anything else. but i will stay here as long as possible but i'm a farmer that's who i am. i'm going to try to somehow adapt to climate change if it's too dry when it's time to plant for example i'll just wait. for. these mountainous regions don't just supply food to the cities their forests also help store rainwater but extreme weather conditions are growing increasingly common here and still forests are falling victim to logging leaving rainwater to flow unhindered into the valley sometimes the water sweeps away everything in its

path. mudslides have had fatal consequences these images date from twenty seventeen and twenty eighteen. special climate envoy veto law says that by mid century climate change will have forced forty million people to flee their homes in indonesia alone farmers who can no longer till their fields slum dwellers whose ten rooftops have sunk into the sea .

most experts agree that it's the world's coldest regions that have become the cauldron for climate change these are the arctic the antarctic alaska and much of the permafrost of russia. nikita zeem all trained as a mathematician. but his father sergei his lifelong commitment inspired nikita to change course. now like his father he has dedicated his life to preserving russia's permafrost. he's come to the river in northeastern siberia an eight hour flight

from moscow to gather evidence that the permafrost is vanishing. the ground has warmed up to three degrees celsius causing the top layer of the ice to melt. one side effect is that more and more rare fossils are surfacing. for paleontologists this would be a treasure trove a field of riches from the distant pleistocene epoch. this is the. moment where. not the biggest one but it would have saved. twenty so here was in the present because this new here was huge and there never was quick your mama and there were four thousand years and all over it here on the square kilometer maui around six hundred kids going to phones so every once in

a while there. all along the kalima soil is a road sliding into the river as a consequence of the melting permafrost. nikita's enough cost plants like these zombies because the soil in which they are growing was barren for forty thousand years. this vegetation will also soon end up in the river. the changes taking place here could soon be a reality across wide expanses of russia. and it could also have a dramatic impact on the global climate and mass migration of peoples for there is an immense amount of biomass still trapped within the palm of frost. if that trapped c o two and methane were to be released into the atmosphere the

pace of climate change would increase dramatically. so there's a group of grasses which grew here maybe i don't forty thousand years ago and there were over that this is huge storage of carbon and think obviously the roofs and put them on the one side of the balance and on the other side of the balance point although bargirl vegetation of the point at the base go through the drops of the going to you'll see that they started it was weak more. and the fear of us will start to degrade everywhere all these will become of will for microbes to eat and they will very soon a little to greenhouse gases. that's ice pure ice out there and you see well this ice is melting the water is mixing

with this soil and creating this month full of children down the top and they get a vicious have been very rapidly here so it's a combination of both a lot of carbon and also fight and that's a give you a very rapid carbon bomb for every problem that will be happening with the global warming worldwide with this thing will be a problem before it so you can through it to see if it's going to be bad somewhere it will turn very bad so if there is a week to stop that from happening like we need to apply that because if not you know. you can write any apocalyptic scenarios you want and probably most of them will come true. it's breakfast time in iquitos the most guest house. the interest in permafrost has soared over the past decade so now the guest rooms here at the station are usually booked year round with researchers from all over the world. this is the group from

oxford university here to study the transformations currently underway in what used to be frozen earth. during the soviet era this enormous satellite used to broadcast television programming from moscow. offs turned the station into a home base for scientists from around the world. yeah well so the data that has been collected in siberia and across russia's far east are alarming normally the vegetation binds greenhouse gases in the summer and

only releases very small amounts back into the atmosphere in winter. so out here you can see that. here monitor which is. cool but for the past few years the permafrost that stalling more and more in the summer is releasing ever increasing amounts of methane and c o two during the winter at. the moment the biosphere is acting as a as a friend as a moderate brake on climate change so of about forty percent of the carbon dioxide we emit is being absorbed by the biosphere and that's acting to slow down climate change if i wasn't happening climate change would be in foster that that is one of the big concerns we have as a system scientists is understanding how long well the biosphere keep acting as a brake and is there a danger that at some time in the future. if this break or tied into the accelerate . scientists from all over are turning their attention

to the permafrost and its potential impact on climate change. this group of researchers from prague is being hosted by the institute of applied ecology of the north in the republic of soka. the researchers have just returned from a crater that is carved into the permafrost. these soil samples are a gift to the institute. in return the researchers hope to obtain permission to exhibit some of their spectacular finds in a museum at home remains of a mammoth and the mummified remains of an extinct horse from the pleistocene epoch . here. the one that if they were there. the crater in which the fossilized remains were found was named the bottom gaika crater but locals call it the gateway to the underworld.

it's easy to see why. in the one nine hundred sixty s. a small section of forest was cleared to make way for a new road. the problem frost originally beneath the trees began eroding. that first the hole was just a few meters deep. the stupid and on average the make a crater is between forty and sixty meters deep and in some places it's one hundred meters deep it's one point five kilometers long and about one kilometer wide right now but it's hard to determine exactly how wide it is because it's expanding so quickly because these kinds of catastrophic events could become increasingly common hypnosis and not just in residential areas but anywhere in the wilderness wherever

there are pipelines and natural gas facilities our entire infrastructure could be impacted or that there's a quote that. most of the cities in siberia and in russia's far east could be affected about twenty five million people in all. how big would the impact be if all the world's permafrost were to melt. so far there isn't enough cross regional research to answer that but there are findings regarding the polar region from a global terrestrial network for permafrost in one thousand nine hundred six the problem frost melted to a depth of forty five centimeters in the summer by twenty seventeen it melted to a depth of eighty seven centimeters a nearly one hundred percent increase over just twenty years. this poses a danger to both people and infrastructure. natural gas and oil pipelines are

particularly affected. greenpeace has estimated that leaks in pipelines caused by foreign soil are leading to about one percent of oil being lost that oil some five million tons of it each year seeps into the ground. the residents of the arctic city of chere ski in the far northeast of russia are bearing witness to this rapid transformation. temperatures are rising in exorbitant. asphalt on the streets is beginning to buckle. and several buildings are showing signs that the solid ground on which they once stood has begun to sink. the city of chere ski on the kalina river is also home to nikita off. even though temperatures drop here to minus sixty degrees celsius in the winter the erosion of

the permafrost soil appears unstoppable this is especially apparent at the former water treatment plant. like all the buildings here it stands on pillars. the earth began to sink here just two years ago now the crater is already ten meters deep. into the ground and going where i saw what i was here a week ago there with them those two points with you in the air and now we came they really could go up down and there is a fusion ish going on beneath their fourth the way this is this ice has been there all of it and eventually all that folk yuko up over so this process kind of go in and it's you know centimeters to be maybe tens of them going to disobey when the

whole day of the week of building the powerful and now with climate getting warmed up their forces also getting warmer and we begin to bitch and it off like that so all the infrastructure in the next few decades will probably become up. elsewhere the heat of the sun is relentless this is cameroon and central africa here in the stream bed of the mile below river signs of despair are everywhere. in. the north of cameroon receives two months of rainfall a year at most in august and september during the rest of the year people must walk far to find water or dig deep. older people who live here say that water used to flow abundantly through the mile below river into the logan river and eventually discharging into lake chad. but those days are

gone. they do are kind of works for the current charity organization in the region his job is to ward off the looming humanitarian catastrophes. access to drinking water is an enormous problem for people and animals here in the far north of cameroon. often visits villages near the provincial capital of my rule. today he's in home to many herders. has been a social worker for many years and knows the signs of an impending humanitarian catastrophe. in the summer of twenty eighteen the region was on the brink. oh my

god. look at nana only women used to fetch water but now it's so bad the entire family has to help. now when young people want to build a house they have no water when we want to work there is no water a young man wants to be a farmer or work in sales and there's no water. so it's already begun young men are leaving they're going to the big cities to joan day and . people are starting to leave. we no longer know how we will be able to manage. the drought is especially hard on people who must find water not just for their families but also for their livestock. the guy gulf who believes he is about sixty years old and has always tended his herds. now it's so dry that he and

his son john paul are running out of options. this animal feed was harvested the previous year by now it's completely dried out and there isn't much left. if the next month doesn't bring rain the family fear the worst. if their livestock die they will be left with nothing. i believe the spring is six kilometers away we have to fetch water twice a day just to have barely enough for our cattle the goats and my family. over the past ten fifteen years the situation has grown much worse that's why young people aren't able to stay in their villages they're forced to leave to go to the cities there's no future for them here.

young people are moving away because the lack of water is stealing their futures that herders are having to leave for the cities because their livestock died of thirst traders grain farmers and hunters people from across northern cameroon are leaving their homes they are climate refugees a sign of things to come. but climate is hardly ever the only reason behind a decision to migrate to poverty is often a factor fear of terror attacks can also play a role. most of the people gathered here fled from the islamist group boko haram in neighboring nigeria. they are now unintentionally contributing to the desperate situation facing local cameroonians. people stand in line for up to eight hours to receive a few kilos of food they wait quietly and patiently despite the brutal heat. there

are two hundred sacks of millet and corn for thirty thousand people this help is urgently needed but it's only a drop in the bucket. or you can get in here out of. the window. that. were devoted to me. we've already seen several waves of migration. people keep trying to make their way south to find farmland in areas. there is more rain. many people have left here heading south.

as you did. here in the memory region the rains used to begin in april. now the rains come in late may. sometimes in early june. in the past it rained until october. but last year the rains ended in august. that's a disaster for us farmers. in order to farm properly soil must remain moist for at least four months out of the year experts call this the one hundred twenty day line if rain last less than four months soil will grow arid grain cultivation becomes impossible and livestock die. in the say hill region this line between survival and disaster is moving

ever further south toward the equator where there's more rain from nine hundred seventy to twenty sixteen up to one hundred kilometer wide stretches of land that were once arable have become desert. as a result hundreds of camps have a reason and this a hill region filled with people who have lost their livelihoods temperatures reach forty five degree celsius in the shade and sixty degrees in the full sun. people here live at the edge of despair reliant on food deliveries from n.g.o.s. he's certain golda and her family live in one of these camps they haven't a food for now and access to a water pump. but when they fled the drought they lost their independence. their fields where they used to plant millet and onions grew arid. lisa her husband and their five children are climate refugees. is one is see

west suffering so much. there's no rain we have no water we don't have enough water to grow anything. she had a ship group of people here heading south. hoping that they'll be able to grow crops there and find something to eat. in southeast asia flooding is driving people from their homes. in africa it's the devastating drought and cameroon is suffering as is neighboring chad. lake chad which lent its name to the entire region is the only natural source of water in the area. researchers from the international organization for migration have come to the region surrounding lake chad to investigate the connection between climate change and the rise of climate migration.

mashal remove below of the un migration organisation has spent years in this the hill region every encounter and every conversation adds another layer of detail to his preliminary findings. today real and his team are visiting a camp for displaced people near lake chad. under the shadow of a nearly barren tree he speaks with mohammad abraham the head of the family. game tells marie low he is a herder the family suffered a terrible ordeal before finally arriving at lake chad it was heat and lack of water that drove them from their home. in the. climate change has a huge impact on us herders if there's no rain no plants grow and without green plants to eat our animals die so we heard or seen are hit very hard by this.

from the charred. side the down side and your side they all depended on this source you can realize that this lake is unique it's just a fresh water we feel. so many lives depend on this if. it be a c.b.s. . because we got there. we can hardly talk about living. in one nine hundred sixty three lake chad covered in the area of twenty five thousand square kilometers. by two thousand and seven it was just twenty five hundred square kilometers more than ninety percent smaller and the lake continues to shrink. if the lake were to

completely dry up more than fifty million people would probably become climate refugees and this figure does not take into account the rate of population growth. lake chad remains a life source for millions of people but as it continues to shrink water is becoming an ever scarcer and more valuable resource. and so our arable land and the fish in the lake as lake chad gets smaller competition for these resources will become increasingly bitter. even now fishermen in the region are competing for dwindling stocks of carp nile perch and to latvia. we've climate change there is a key impact on the lake in that it it affects the distribution and department of fish and you've got in mind it's a fishing industry as well so. it touches on three major levels throughout

the ages of people i don't think this. far miles it does and. the region surrounding like chad is emblematic of the close connection between climate change and migration. you know cannot past we had a lot of fish good fish we sold them here are over in nigeria but now they have problems with terrorists and here we have no more fish in our lake. from lake chad to indonesia farmers can no longer rely on predictable seasons for planting and harvesting the climate has become a threat there are hurricanes cyclons drought flooding mudslides and wildfires

and the melting permafrost could soon exacerbate all of those around the globe. on the american continent people are fleeing drought in northern brazil in the caribbean and the southern united states it's hurricanes. in africa people are leaving the arabs to hill region some will likely head north to europe. in spain italy and greece people will also flee the rising heat. in asia coastal regions are vanishing under rising oceans people are fleeing to higher ground in river deltas like bangladesh. the south sea islands will be completely submerged. how many people will have become climate refugees by twenty fifty we know the moment approximately twenty million people have been displaced every year numbers more or less true for the last decade so we can say that on the climate change population growth possibly more vulnerable populations this number

is going to grow if you look today we know that every year at least trying to find million people flee so fast forward thirty years so that's why i think if you go today i think hundred millions is not the very highest the met she should have been told to do this you know if i had to estimate i'd say maybe a fifth or a quarter of the world's population will be forced to migrate. so that's about two to three billion people yeah the best she.

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