the world is real you know is in itself and the media's role is keep the topic in focus of the global media forum twenty million change today one out of two people is online who will be following them do we trust their beijing and shape the future at the georgia dome of global media for twenty five. hello and welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d.w. . coming up. breastfeeding nursing doesn't just protect babies but mothers as well. motivating a teacher from germany on a nasa exhibition get his class on board. and inspiring at sixteen ballance less than ideal for cleaning up the ocean now his project has been

launched. but first let's take a detour into the animal kingdom everyone knows that elephants interact in complex ways in the head but other species have fascinating social lives as well. chickens for example can recognize over a hundred other birds in their flock and mice often grow up in social nets corporation brings many advantages especially for the weekend members of the group . when white stalks head to their winter quarters they fly together in large groups the ones who spend the summer on a lake constance on the swiss german border set off for spain some fly no further and went to their own landfill sites after a trip of about nine hundred kilometers. others keep going and flying three and a half hours and kilometers to west africa how come what determines who goes where

. biologist and they are flock is the first scientists who have researched this question in any depth it had to limit and no one had looked into it yet because it's really difficult to gather precise data on the behavior of groups of wild animals. stalks are quite caught by you can't get close and stare at them and how can you observe in detail vast flocks on the way dr flock found a way in twenty fourteen she equipped sixty stalks with tracking devices and accelerometers and hope that some of these individuals would end up flying together . she's about to introduce us to one of those sixty birds who has a distinctive manner of flying. past their fire a bell. she's on the right then she demonstrates what flak finds interesting about her. she's not

a champion flyer the other one overtakes her with. you have there mirabelle authority mediocre a flying doesn't matter much in everyday life but when they migrated she struggled to keep up with the others. mirabelle flaps her wings a lot while the other one coast smoothly. sipe officers was that the good flyers who travel fast head for africa and the slower ones who flop a lot only make it to spain. data from the accelerometers let the researches know if the stalks are gliding or flapping. it takes a lot of energy to flap the wings gliding is pretty much effortless. but that's only an option where there are thermals that is a currents of rising warm air. all the birds have to do then is bred their wings and be carried upward in

a wide spiral. the updraft becomes weaker the higher they go then a coast to the next flapping their wings as little as possible to conserve energy. but how do they find a thermal as each individual but look for them as a group follow the lead of specialist scouts who go exploring to find the updrafts . as luck would have it twenty seven of the sixty stalks being studied did form a group. flock and her colleague martin knowledge analyze the data from the tracking devices and determine that there are indeed leaders and followers within a group the leaders are marked in blue they're expert at coasting and soar high on the thermals among the followers is mirabelle she doesn't fly so high and she follows the leaders. we were surprised that the slower birds at the rear make use of information provided by the ones at the front they watch how the leaders are

flying so they can steer a better course through the thermals. to meet. these were groundbreaking research findings. to keep up with the leaders even the followers have to be quite fast. it's clear that not all stores have the same flying skills. some started practice at a very early age. others prefer to lounge in their nests and where it turns out are more likely to be merely average performers on the wing like our poor mirabelle she has to work really hard to keep up. then if i wish to follow is flap their wings a lot they expend a lot of energy does meaning they have to work harder as they migrate things so they can travel such a great distance they tend to stop in spain and go no further while the others

carry on to africa africa. the experts on the long haul flight glide most of the way and expend as little energy doing that as if they were standing on their nests. the results of this research project are so rich that it's not possible to predict the destination of any given bird. is indeed we've seen that these behavioral strategies are so important that shortly after they takeoff we can already tell how far bird will go oh yes we only have to observe the first five minutes of flight to know if it will migrate to africa or only to spain. and what about our friend marabout she called it a day in the. winter that on a landfill site. stalks returned to northern europe every year after

chilling in the sunny south for nine months is that perhaps at the root of the myth that stalks deliver babies another theory has it that stalks confuse them with their favorite food frogs really. mother would certainly disagree. they only ever see the best in their babies. and when they're saying they produce the best possible nourishment the milk that researchers have discovered is tailored to meet their child's needs. it's instinctual shortly after birth the baby will move towards its mother's breast in search of milk and latch on to her. ideally the first breastfeeding session should take place within an hour of delivering hormones or stimulated in response to the baby sucking that regulate the release of milk. is just five months old and is being exclusively breastfed by his mother ricardo.

it's always arrives at the right temperature it's always hygienic i always have it with me i can't forget it i'm facile in the medical emotional aspects were really important to me what i'm. reading has a lot of advantages and not just for the baby but for the mother too it's nature's ingenious invention a mother's milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby against infection on a long term basis. and if it has been exclusively breastfed even if it's for just three months has half as many middle ear infections as a baby that hasn't been breast fed and respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are much less common among breastfed babies than babies who aren't being breast. but is there something special about your own mother's breast milk human milk

contains complex sugars called human milk oligosaccharides or h.m.o. those. and their composition differs from woman to woman and it changes over time. every mother creates these substances especially for her child there are hundreds of variations that also depend on the child's particular situation in life. and they protect the child from infection by the bacteria and its own intestines complete. most bacteria and other germs can't cross the barrier of the intestinal wall themselves but need to be transferred by a receptor. these human olivo sucker rides form a kind of protective wall we believe that when a baby is sick the antibodies in the mother's milk change. it's not entirely clear what the signalling pathways are there but we do know the immune composition of the breast no adjusts in response. to the nutritional composition of breast milk is

also ideally adapted to the baby's needs as ricardo herself has experienced. sometimes the babies just thirsty and breast milk starts of being thinner more thirst quenching and with fewer fun but when the baby is hungry they stay on longer for the milk that contains more facts and there's strong evidence that it's not just babies who benefit from breastfeeding. mentioned that many people don't realize that the mother also profits for example women who have breastfed have a reduced risk of getting breast cancer and ovarian cancer and type two diabetes is less common to. reduce risk of breast cancer why might that be. medical experts only discovered in recent years that breast milk contain stem cells these cells can develop in particular ways in accordance with what the body needs little is known about how they might affect the baby.

we know from test tube experiments that tumor cells for example are changed or killed by these stem cells that can be want to spread nationwide women who have breastfed on less likely to get breast cancer. and also why breast fed babies have lower rates of certain childhood cancers because. the hormone oxytocin helps the mother's womb shrink after childbirth and it curb stress levels but that doesn't mean breastfeeding is always easy. in fact they actually at the beginning it was very difficult very painful it took me two months to get to a point where i felt comfortable with it. and that's a really nice feeling if i find it physically very relaxing i can really let go.

so i'm kind. as well as having a positive psychological effect on the mother to towson is widely dubbed the bonding hormone because it strengthens emotional ties between mother and child. some studies suggest that breast milk might help reduce the risk of a child becoming overweight also later in life. babies learn how to determine for themselves when they're full and there's a link to the leptin that regulates upper types later in life. and the hormone leptin is contained in breast milk. carton darwell look pretty satisfied with their milk. from ghana. my question is why are some children resemble. or the father sometimes taking.

it. died or sometimes they did not keep your example. or to find it quite question. why is this. why do some children look like their parents and others don't. it used to be said that babies resemble their fathers scientists thought it had an evolutionary explanation that it was nature's way of confirming paternity and encouraging fathers to take care of their own children. but the latest research shows that babies don't necessarily resemble their fathers or their mothers for that matter. and they believe the world over look more like each other instead nature is made sure they look adorable. big eyes.

and all. that's how babies ensure a ready supply of adult caregivers. they're so cute even a stranger well cared for them if something happens to their parents. and what happens when children are adults sons tend to look more like their fathers sons daughters their mothers that's due to the effect of sex hormones. what about specific features like eye color. well if the father's eyes are brown and the mother is blue their children's eyes will probably be brown because brown eyes is a dominant trait. but sometimes children don't resemble their parents much at all in the mix of the mothers and the fathers genes has millions of possible combinations. of nature enjoys for writing so many babies resemble no one in

particular only. themselves. because that is right right i mean the only thing you need to. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text over smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. find as i did of you dot com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore sign tech on facebook d w dot science. children learn best through play and good teachers know that italian duck to maria montessori developed a method of education with the basic premise help me do it myself. there are no limits to a child's imagination so topics involving space are always popular with the young. when she was on as general samantha christopher a she tapped into that with

a fitness program for kids and she isn't the only educator to get them involved in space. california. as the evening approaches don't talk man but ins and his three colleagues from southern germany are getting ready to leave for their first expedition into the night sky. the kids we're ready to go when very excited and i hope it'll all go well. sophia the flying telescope is fully fueled all of the safety checks are done and everything is ready for takeoff.

twelve hours later we're visiting a physics class at a school in hanover. plains and students are waiting for news from nasa they have video skype in with their teacher in california. yes. the teacher has just returned from his first flight on the repurposed boeing seven four seven which is now a flying telescope. his students are eager to hear more. on why did it feel like when you got on the surface here. you know good question it was very exciting we had to put on headphones because it's very loud on board it's not soundproofed in there we were pretty excited i have to say. because of fear

aircraft was fitted with an infrared telescope you can observe the birth of stars and galaxies from high above the earth's atmosphere which normally interferes with our view the telescope was extended out of an opening on the side of the aircraft. to publicize its research and get young people interested in his work nasa sometimes takes teachers on board. and did you see if a new star has just been formed. can't actually observe a star being born it's not like there's a bang and suddenly there's a star it takes hundreds of thousands of years before you can see anything but i could see a lot of stars a different stages in their development and i could compare them and say aha after twenty thousand years that's what a star looks like after one hundred thousand years like that and after two hundred thousand like that so that gave me a sense of how a star develops over time. planning. if you saw

a planet or several planets which one was your favorite. and this one for me the story there's one planet neptune that the astronomers didn't find all that interesting but we thought it was really great to get to see neptune but what was especially exciting is that the magnification of the telescope also allowed us to see its largest moon tried on you'd never be able to see that with the kinds of telescopes we know from back home. but the students weren't just interested in science and new discoveries. did anything go really wrong on the flight or did something dramatic happen yes. fortunately everything went smoothly there's a fear flying observatory return safely back to. you tomorrow the teacher will be back in germany bringing photos with him to school. teachers have

a huge influence on the children in their care how you were taught in school often affects choices you make later in life we were curious about your learning experiences so we asked on facebook whether there was a teacher that really inspired you and in what way. for chris ryan's from the philippines school was the second home and he says it had a big impact on developing his skills he likes looking back on his early years in grade school. jonathan zealot from kenya remembers hearing that studying hard would one day allow him to buy an important product razorblades he didn't understand why at the time he was still young. cocoa pull my own career from pakistan told us about a math teacher who was a major inspiration he credits her with his love for members. and his teacher wrote back saying she was glad to hear it and always did her best.

then replied again saying his success in the subject had a love to do with her encouraging smile. thanks to both of them and to all the rest of you for sharing. with help from role models children can also make things happen pakistani activist malala use of sign for example says she was inspired by her father and only ten felix finkbeiner from germany founded the plant the planet initiative with other kids he organized planting projects based on ideas propagated by one gallery much higher. the nobel prize winning activist. and there are many other inspiring young people trying to make a difference let's meet one of them. more than five billion tons of plastic trash now litter our oceans the debris has

accumulated over more than half a century plastic just doesn't go away at the age of sixteen boy and slat decided to tackle the problem eight years on ocean cleanup is becoming a reality the floating beam system devised to collect this debris was recently tote five hundred kilometers from the port where it was assembled pass prominent san francisco landmarks and out into the open ocean. after years of planning the twenty four year old dutchman finally wants to prove what his huge garbage catcher can really do clean up the world's largest marine garbage dump the so-called great pacific garbage patch. one of the world's five major gyres is located between hawaii and the coast of california the swirling circulating currents have brought together gigantic amounts of plastic waste. the garbage patch is believed to cover

an area around four times the size of germany. the research found there is about eighteen million kilo of plastic croton around which constitutes to one point eight trillion pieces of ocean plastic inside the growth of the garbage. sludge has been thinking about this garbage patch for a long time he just couldn't get the idea of cleaning up the plastic waste out of his mind he raised money using crowd funding and drummed up support for his idea slat is now backed by a team of sixty five scientists. last week in man in twenty fifteen the cleanup crew staged their first spectacular event carrying out their first waste collection campaign thirty boat sailed parallel to each other moving through a clearly defined ocean patch and collected rubbish the aim is to obtain reliable

data on the actual level of plastic pollution for the first time flat steam collected enormous quantities of garbage but it wasn't enough a slant he wanted more second lacked the garbage patch in its entirety. how would you normally cross a large area where you would jump on an airplane so we thought well what if we actually got ourselves and our plane to do this. and that actually led to the first aerial reconnaissance mission of an ocean garbage patch ever. with the latest surveying technology on board experts were able to create a three dimensional image of the pacific dump which showed garbage floating meters deep in the sea. the floating boom construction looks simple at first it's a six hundred metre long hard plastic with an apron attached at the bottom that reaches down three metres into the water it automatically creates a u.

form when it's launched into the water. all the construction needs to work is the courage the waves and the wind the garbage itself will be shipped away for recycling. critics however see the construction as a danger to certain kinds of marine life. because an ecosystem this is the surface of the ocean we're talking about not of desert these organisms are important to have a function of the goal of this initiative is to tackle this problem on a large scale this will kill off these organisms on a grand scale too but flirt is hoping that the construction will move organically. through the water the idea is that the construction drifts just like the plastic does. unfortunately the first few months at sea have shown that the ocean cleanup needs more work the boom wasn't able to hold on to the plastic it trapped slats and his team are now working on improving the system.

that's it for now but join us again next time when we visit a researcher breaking down the math when large numbers of people try to flee in a single direction surprising results in crowd dynamics that and much more next time on tomorrow today see you then. you.

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we can make to feel different that's why you're a solid. that's why we've. o. plus nineteen the new channel for an independent view on current affairs in turkey . the latest developments accurately now. replaced with a comprehensive package. next week for some love and political and social topics considered from different perspectives oh we cover the issues that move turkey on a unique platform for information. plus ninety connection to an unbiased agenda subscribed no on you tube.

to. place. to place. to. place. the c.w. news live from berlin to people's i after site closed finally slams into the east coast of india the cycle has brought torrential rains and violent winds it is set to pass over the homes of one hundred million people and is affecting weather as far away as mt everest also coming up on world press day both press freedom day we need a regime critical journalists in the philippines he got renato says the first of four for reporting on the to tear to administration.