life story may have ground to. twenty seven years ago but there's no holding back his dreams for. brian todd. thank you for watching. soo much starts may twenty seventh on the dog. alone and welcome to tamara to day coming up on this week's edition. of. troubled times for treats bruce is a major source of wood but climate change could put an end to that researches are now looking for alternative sources of timber. virtual heart new drugs could soon be tested on a computer rather than animals or humans scientists are recreating the heart in

digital form. and mass exodus what happens when lots of people try to evacuate an area one market to provide a model. to mathematics is still dominated by narrowing the fields medal which is widely considered the highest accolade for discoveries that nothing has only been awarded down to one woman. to be a brain in. the honey in two thousand and fourteen but even in ancient times there were outstanding female mathematicians like hypatia of alexandria she gave public lectures and was highly celebrated math has all kinds of applications so how about the mathematics of escape that's what one woman today is that you. get a customer and her team research people's behavior on every actuation routes.

they're doing an experiment first they set up a camera to capture data how long do people need to go up or down a flight of stairs. surely those who in general walk faster will be quicker going up stairs to and overtake slower people write. well not necessarily. the results of his little experiment indicate the assumption is wrong and that has implications for simulating and designing every accusation routes. we already know that people tend to slow down but what we've observed is that they tend to align themselves in a more orderly fashion and that there's less overtaking. for evacuation routes via stairs this means that bottlenecks may develop at different places than previously expected. the team also made another discovery you know the emergency not everyone runs as fast as they can. mine something to fall when people are in danger as

a group they identify with each other and most will help others because of this feeling of being in it together. if a simulation has everybody running with only him or herself in mind and without stopping to check if anyone is injured then it's plain wrong. psychologists have found out that at least sixty percent of people will help others when necessary carrying or supporting children and adults who are injured family stick together that means it may take longer for people to escape in an emergency but more people actually get out. of this for what's new is that we mathematicians are working with such data. the teens computer simulations now incorporate these insights into human behavior. cust is developing a virtual reality app to visualize and simulate danger zones and crowd behavior in them it's intended for the police or bar managers and should help them devise ways

to reduce the risks by say assigning stewards at the right spots. people react best when spoken to directly even if they're drunk for example and in a critical situation when you need to get people out talking to them is far better than say posting a sign it. suggests that making space is safer might not always have to involve building work enough security personnel clearly visible position my twelve suffice to ensure that everyone remains safe where large crowds gather. also has a major role in medicine one approving new drugs for example to minimize risks and side effects new active ingredients are tested on animals as well as human. trials can take a long time and many people find animal testing on ethical researches are now

creating a virtual heart model which would help them test drugs on a computer instead of living beings. the virtual heart is a work in progress at the pharma companies research center in germany. human heart muscles a retreat from the deep freeze for experiments. scientists here are investigating why they work the way they do and how. they're all timid objective is for animal testing for new medication to be replaced with simulations. after briefly thawing out the heart cells start to beat again and how it's been that the heart contains many millions of heart muscle cells which are extremely varied all those differences are due to the electrical properties of the cell membranes the electric . ron we have to measure those properties in a large number of individual cells in order to understand how the organiser whole functions. and his team measure the

passage of electrical signals emitted by the cells that lead to the contraction of the heart muscle they can detect currents of just a few billions of. those minute differences influence how cells behave the researchers can see which levels of electrical current lead to which properties the data from real cells is the basis for simulating the entire organ that's where the math comes in experts at one hundred university in stuttgart analyze the data to formulate differential equations the next step toward the goal of virtual medication testing. testing is currently still unspecific. a lot of active substances are classified as dangerous down even though that's not strictly true. our aim is to perform least tests on the computer which will be able to simulate different scenarios. as the model for the simulation is based on the

laws of physics it's very realistic. i can run various scenarios through the computer and make the development process easier to understand. heart is not yet complete due to the complexities involved in simulation the mathematicians conduct repeated checks to see whether their model heart muscle arrives at a different result to the real orgon. medicine could for example with the progress of the cells electrical signals and cause heart. the mathematician stimulate this by computing a range of current to see whether the medication could have negative effects. currently testing is carried out on animals and on humans which is very expensive and time consuming and also comes with ethical issues this mathematical model of the cellular system is already very advanced. it's expected that mathematical tests

will be incorporated into the testing process in three or four years time that would mean lower development cost and no more ethical issues. in the meantime the mathematicians are continuing their experiments to confirm their stimulation for individual cells and then transfer it to the entire heart further increasing the accuracy of their virtual heart. the model will aid the development of new medication in less time at less cost and without animal testing. now is something that will get the hearts of science fiction fans all aflutter. hubert's it gives talks explaining the technology used in classics like star wars could it become a reality find out more in this week's web video. what the

scientists make of the science behind star wars sabers wielded to cut down enemies with lethal light seriously. the some this try to salvage what they call light saber because they glow not because it's actually light and it's always a point couldn't use a laser pointer to fight either and so what if you have something like a lightsaber did exist it would be made of plasma a very hot ionized gas and with that you would be able to cut through things the money and i think it's a life. and there's no way you could fit the massive energy required into the state has held this is the energy problem is everywhere whatever technology whether it's beaming warp drive or like save us the energy is pivotal. moving on to transportation would it be possible to zip through a galaxy as easily as they do in star wars in star wars with the filmmakers gave no thought to how that could actually work nobody but talk about traveling at one and

a half times the speed of light but even at that speed it would take ages to cross a galaxy and guys around one hundred fifty thousand years apparently but how about long speeches and hover boards at least they might really work right. to skip maclisp it is possible to build over boards that float you either use air pressure or superconductivity at some politician. in twenty fifteen blocks the seams superconductor technology to develop a prototype hoverboard based on my kinetic levitation. so overall a whole lot of star wars science doesn't work in real life. but don't let that be a downer while enjoying the movies. there are countless planets in the star wars universe some more realistic than others. the desert planets that irene looks like you get the same kind of windy weather we have on earth one viewer bismarck the tumour had

a question about but. where does wind come from. the. wind is moving air and there's usually a lot of it over the sea what makes it blow is that the air over the land heats up faster than the air over the water. the warm air rises while the cool air over the sea flows in to fill the space the air pushed out over the water cools down and sinks and it's this circulation of masses of there that produces wind. from the lightest breeze to devastating hurricanes. large scale movements of air known as atmospheric circulation effect weather patterns around the planet without these winds the equator would continue to heat up and the polar regions would cool further. atmospheric circulation also brings

dust from the sahara to south america the people of the sahara struggle to keep the desert sand in place but the wind blows it where it will the sahara dust often ends up in their homes while the sirocco wind for example picks it up and propels it to europe this hot desert wind is part of a regional one system over and around the mediterranean another wind in the region is the burra which features some of the fastest gusts in the world. the idea of using the force of the wind as a source of energy goes back to ancient times the first windmills may have been built over four thousand years ago and today wind is a vital source of renewable power it's all because the air just can't keep still a problem is read write our own even if you hate it. do you have

a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help out a little less as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. you find as a dot com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d w dot science. when child says to produce green energy all over the world but there are lots of alternative energy sources like giant solar panels on hydroelectric power stations electricity can also be generated from the biomass of the materials like rape seed and corn but wouldn't it be even more practical if we could produce our own electricity at home that very thought gave one inventor an idea. gets a warm sunny day in northern germany but in his house. is

a. to fire up the wood burning stove. it's not so much about heating up his living room he wants to show off his latest invention. talking congress delivers a combined heat and power plants that produces electricity short. c.h.p. generators are nothing new what is new is the way this one works burning wood to produce electricity without the help of a turbine but by means of thermoelectric generators an array of tiny thermocouples . they're made up of two plates each a different metal alloy with different electrical conductivity if one is hotter than the other that difference is converted to electricity as charge carriers flow from the hot side to the cold side. force every song uses this model to show how it works some of the generators are attached to the underside of an

aluminum plate that connected by a cable to the electric fan mounted on the model plane. yeah actually i'm pretty harmless simply put my hand on top of the body he transfers to the module. the cold side is the big block of aluminum underneath your broadsword the temperature difference is what makes the rotor spin. up and between because that's what. nasa has used this kind of technology for ages the voyager one space probe launched in one thousand nine hundred seventy seven is powered by thermoelectric generators they still work after all this time. been a significant work for forty years in space and that must be useful on earth interests. that's precisely what he's demonstrated by developing his special stoves . it's walls contain a hundred thermoelectric generators. the temperature inside is about three hundred degrees celsius the state's outer walls are cooled by water flowing through

a series of tubes and hitting it's not temperature differential that generates the electricity thanks to the magic of the thermocouple. two hundred and thirty watts or so are enough to power a large refrigerator and the lamps throughout the house every son has installed about three to store the power produced. spec ones haagen is an architect with a special interest in energy efficiency he wants to check out the stuff. he's always on the lookout for innovations that might contribute to sustainability. yes it's definitely for me for me this is a first i've never seen anything quite like it i'm familiar with would guess occasion furnace is and they work very well. but this combination producing energy at home is really new noise. as a prelude to the demonstration ericsson switches off the mains supply.

now there's no power from the mains that's why the fridge why. then if a sum fires up the. dries ng it was a zero what's a moment ago now we're at three if we wait ten more minutes we'll be at around two hundred watts. or a minute don't forget all this from firewood just ward not oil or gas. ten minutes after the fire was lit the refrigerator is plugged into a socket connected directly to the special started. the fire is burning bright under lectures the t. is flowing. with the mother from the moment of truth. and it works. as even a star of this it is a very promising and interesting technology we'll be hearing more about it like.

ericsson's company already manufactures themselves the stave he says there's lots of interest and he gets inquiries from all over the world. climate change is a global crisis we already know many of the causes. and the consequences like floods and droughts which could also have severe implications for the timber industry. researches in switzerland are doing a long term study on tree varieties to see which ones have the best chance of survival. the impact of climate change is particularly severe in switzerland the average temperature has risen by two degrees celsius since records began more than twice the global average

scientists say it could rise by up to six degrees by the end of the century switzerland's forests are under threat one growing danger is the lack of water leading to drought stress. stephan fluking manages the forests unless city of burn on low land in the center of the country he's pessimistic. climate change means that some tree species are no longer suited to this area in the long term during the dry summer season beech trees can no longer draw the water up to their crowns the trees then begin to draw it from the top downwards. while the lowlands do still have areas with good growth conditions for the beach here mark green by the end of the century many will be in a far worse than state marked read the best conditions then will only be found at high altitude. and it's

a similar situation with the spruce tree of vital importance to the european timber industry it will likewise struggle to grow at lower elevations. concerns for his forests prompted him to calculate their projected development two years ago. he used the results to draw up a plan for the future. the concept is to introduce natural regeneration wherever we have climate compatible tree species. and in other places we need to plant those types to at least ensure there are durable tree species there in the future. forest does have a responsibility to plan for the next generation or so then. an approach that is welcomed by the likes of peter byrne he heads the major research program founded by switzerland's environmental and forest research authority its objective is to provide far as it is like stephan field with strategies for the forests of the

future. almost. have to constantly keep climate change in mind. this is a factor with a real impact a tree that regenerates today will probably be exposed or have to be exposed to the climate at the end of the twenty first century that's something you have to incorporate. what stefan flukey goes certainly does every decision he makes has just the one purpose to reinforce the forest and minimize risks that claim of climate change is happening and is already impacting on our work today determines what our work consists of. and sometimes that also means cutting down entire swathes of old trees next spring he'll be planting and other climate compatible trees here. in areas where the tree population is still in

a healthy condition he does what he can to boost the growth of the strongest and most promising tree. any trees standing in the way of that on the taking all removed this junk the names the resistance of the individual trees and us such of the entire forest. the far as to which also reduced the time he leaves until harvesting as his trees do not grow too thick or too old they're less vulnerable it's a strategy that also benefits the structure of the forest space previously taken up by older trees is now available for the young saplings succeeding that. their resulting forest comprises trees in a range of different heights and ages the chances of some of the trees withstanding extreme some a drought or a storm considerably greater and with a bit of luck this will in turn improve species diversity

a further safeguard for the future. you know in fairness to all we're removing these old trees because we already have a climate compatible next generation underneath waiting for sufficient light silver furs and some oaks as well both a species that will have no problem coping with a temperature increase of two to four degrees over the next fifty years of the stay and research as peter says they're both the oaks and silver ferns are sound option . we are human so we do think here the oaks we have here have an innate ability to cope with dry conditions for us to be right. that's what makes this species fit for the future. east. but a broad diversity of species is crucial not just oaks and silver firs for peter pan that also means looking further afield and not just within switzerland or europe.

or the past month on bacon most people have to bear in mind that our approaches towards tree diversity and nature in general need rethinking. and that also includes options such as incorporating tree species from overseas. from turkey for example which is where the cedar trees hail from some of drought and excessive heat pose no threat to this species. because. these imported species do have disadvantages though right now they can be sensitive to frost. such as the cedar. saw there might not yet have adapted to the snow. that's why we're testing the species on this patch because we can't say yet whether they'll thrive here. what i need is testing six imported varieties for their viability. but the idea of introducing foreign species is

a controversial one the douglas fir for example is considered an adequate substitute for the spruce but conservation groups say it reduces biodiversity and carries the risk of becoming invasive concerns that apply for all imported species . forest as stefan filthy guy is aware of that potential threat but the prospect of losing his forest to climate change is in his eyes the greater danger. that we keep an eye on survey results but regenerating the next generation is something that can't wait until the research is completed so we've planted species here that we assume will be climate compatible like the douglas fir tree oak and some non-domestic species of up to. a carefully planned multinational tree planting scheme to make his forest fitter for the future.

that's all for now next time we'll take a look at blocked chain technology because of its decentralized nature it's regarded as one of the most secure forms of communication but what makes blood change so termed the proof. join us for that and more. next time on tomorrow to day see you then bite.

the bullet. since it's. recognized. and it's. an expression. of. the cultural magazine. telling us to. look you all the have

a stunning go shoot or shoot my phone stolen. flexible slate makes it possible. this training as a sustainable material has opened up from you come up for design. and this. thirty one is just the beginning. of. the. thirty minutes w. . some say that was born into this world alone. but we're not. the sanctions we came into this world we're in it together. in the human mind. and then we can make a real difference. i leave. some

time in the twenty six to you my great granddaughter will be born. but with the world be like in your lifetime and around half a century. when i was there were three billion people if you will share the planet with nine billion. your world would be around two degrees warmer. evidently sea level rise by at least one metre century. we're going to have some climate impacts which are a greater risk i'm pretty. sure. that's really frightening

quatro have bad. luck. why aren't people more concerned. start through first. i. thailand is kind in king might have a jihad long koran in a centuries old royal tradition the sixty six year old also known as rama the tenth has served as kings since the death of his father in twenty sixteen but he must complete an elaborate series of ancient rights to be formally invested with the eagle power. site three as military says north korea has fired several unidentified projectiles from its eastern coast souls joint chiefs of staff.