climate impacts which are greater. it's really more. why are people more consigned. to the first. hello and welcome to tamara today coming up on this week's edition. troubling times for treat bruce is a major source of wood but climate change could put an end to that researches and now looking for alternative sources of timber. virtual hands new drugs could soon

be tested on a computer rather than animals or humans scientists are recreating the heart in digital form. and mass exodus what happens when lots of people try to evacuate an area that once. a model. mathematics is still dominated by ned the fields medal which is widely considered the highest accolade for discoveries the nats has only been awarded to one woman. who were praying in mary. in two thousand and fourteen but even in ancient times there were outstanding female mathematicians like hypatia of alexandria she gave public lectures and was highly celebrated but it's has all kinds of applications so how about the mathematics of escape that's what one woman today is studying. get

custer and her team research people's behavior on evacuation routes they're doing an experiment first they set up a camera to capture data how long do people need to go up or down a flight of stairs. surely those who in general walk faster will be quicker going up stairs to and overtake slower people write. well not necessarily. the results of his little experiment indicate the assumption is wrong and that has implications for simulating and designing evacuation routes. we already know that people tend to slow down but what we've observed is that they tend to align themselves in a more orderly fashion and that there's less overtaking. for evacuation routes via stairs this means that bottlenecks may develop at different places than previously expected. the team also made another discovery in an emergency not everyone runs as

fast as they can. to mention mine something to fall when people are in danger as a group they identify with each other and most will help others because of this feeling of being in it together the minds of if the simulation has everybody running with only him or herself in mind and without stopping to check if anyone is injured then it's plain wrong. psychologists are found out that at least sixty percent of people will help others well that's a scary carrying or supporting children and adults who are injured family stick together that means it may take longer for people to escape in an emergency but more people actually get out. what's new is that we mathematicians are working with such data. the teens computer simulations now incorporate these insights into human behavior. curst is developing a virtual reality app to visualize and simulate danger zones and crowd behavior in

them it's intended for the police or bar managers and should help them devise ways to reduce the risks by say assigning stewards at the right spots. people react best when spoken to directly even if they're drunk for example and in a critical situation when you need to get people out talking to them is far better than say posting a sign it custer's findings suggest that making space is safer might not always have to involve building work enough security personnel clearly visible and well positioned my twelve suffice to ensure that everyone remains safe where large crowds gather. safety also has a major role in medicine when you're proving new drugs for example to minimize risks and side effects new active ingredients are tested on animals as well as human. trials can take

a long time and many people find animal testing on ethical researches are now creating a virtual heart model which would help them test new drugs on a computer instead of living beings. the virtual heart is a work in progress at the birthing of pharma companies research center in germany. human heart muscles our retreat from the deep freeze for experiments. scientists here are investigating why they work the way they do and how. they're all timid objective is for animal testing for new medication to be replaced with simulations . after briefly falling out the heart cells start to beat again and how it's been the heart contains many millions of heart muscle cells which are extremely varied those differences are due to the electrical properties of the cell membranes. brown we have to measure those properties in

a large number of individual cells in order to understand how the organ as a whole functions. and his team measure the passage of electrical signals emitted by the cells that lead to the contraction of the heart muscle. they can detect currents of just a few billions of. those minute differences influence. the researchers can see which levels of electrical current lead to which properties the data from real cells is the basis for simulating the entire organ that's where the math comes in experts at one hundred university in stuttgart analyze the data to formulate differential equations the next step toward the goal of virtual medication testing . testing is currently still on specific. a lot of active substances are classified as dangerous even though that's not strictly true. our aim is to perform least tests on a computer which will be able to simulate different scenarios. as the model for the

simulation is based on the laws of physics so it's very realistic. i can run various scenarios through the computer and make the development process easier to understand. the virtual heart is not yet complete due to the complexities involved in simulation the mathematicians wish to cut conduct repeated checks to see whether their model heart muscle arrives at a different result to the real organ. medicine could for example influence the progress of the cells electrical signals and cause heart. the mathematician simulate this by computing a range of current levels to see whether the medication could have negative effects . currently testing is carried out on animals and on humans which is very expensive and time consuming and also comes

with ethical issues mathematical model of the cellular system is already very advanced. it's expected that mathematical tests will be incorporated into the testing process in three or four years time that would mean lower development cost and no more ethical issues. in the meantime the mathematicians are continuing their experiments to confirm the simulation for individual cells and then transfer it to the entire heart further increasing the accuracy of their virtual heart. the model will aid the development of new medication in less time at less cost and without animal testing. now is something that will get the hearts of science fiction fans all aflutter hubert's it gives talks explaining the technology used in classics like star wars

could it become a reality find out more in this week's web video. what the scientists make of the science. mind star wars sabers wielded to cut down enemies with lethal light seriously. though some destroyed the southeast rather called life savers because they glow not because it's actually light and it's only some point couldn't use a laser pointer to fight either but it's one where you have something like a lightsaber did exist it would be made of plasma a very hot ionized gas and with that you would be able to cut through things among and often it's a life. and there's no way you could fit the massive energy required into the state has helped this community problem is everywhere whatever technology whether it's beaming warp drive or like saves the energy is pivotal and. moving on to transportation would it be possible to zip through a galaxy as easily as they do in star wars in star wars at the filmmakers gave no

thought to how that could actually work nobody but talk about traveling at one and a half times the speed of light but even at that speed it would take ages to cross a galaxy of ice around one hundred fifty thousand years apparently but how about long speeches and hover boards at least they might really work right. to skip it is possible to build over boulders that float you either use air pressure or superconductivity at some pollock fish. in twenty fifteen lexus use superconductor technology to develop a prototype hoverboard based on my kinetic levitation. so overall a whole lot of star wars science doesn't work in real life. but don't let that be a downer while enjoying the movies. there are countless planets in the star wars universe some more realistic than others. does that planet stuff i mean looks like you get the same kind of windy

weather we have on earth one viewer bismark the tumor had a question about what. where does wind come from. wind is moving air and there's usually a lot of it over the sea what makes it blow is that the air over the land heats up faster than the air over the water. the warm air rises while the cool air over the sea flows in to fill the space the air pushed out over the water cools down and sinks and it's this circulation of masses of there that produces wind. from the lightest breeze to devastating hurricanes. large scale movements of air known as atmospheric circulation effect weather

patterns around the planet without these winds the equator would continue to heat up and the polar regions would cool further. atmospheric circulation also brings dust from the sahara to south america the people of the sahara struggle to keep the desert sand in place but the wind blows it where it will the sahara dust often ends up in their homes while the sirocco wind for example picks it up and propels it to europe this hot desert wind is part of a regional one system over and around the mediterranean another wind in the region is the burra which features some of the fastest gusts in the world. the idea of using the force of the wind as a source of energy goes back to ancient times the first windmills may have been built over four thousand years ago and today wind is a vital source of renewable power it's all because the air just can't keep still if

our plan is read write our grid but only if you. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we are straight on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. find as i did of you dot com slash science or drop us a line at e.w. underscores site tech on facebook d.w. dot science. when help says to produce green energy all over the world but there are lots of alternative energy sources like giant solar panels on hydroelectric power stations electricity can also be generated from the biomass of sustainable raw materials like great seed of course but wouldn't it be even more practical if we could produce our own electricity at home that very thought gave one inventor an idea. gets

a warm sunny day in northern germany that in his house is about. to fire up the wood burning stove. it's not so much about heating up his living room he wants to show off his latest invention. to zaandam his income the stove is a combined heat and power plants that produces electricity toward. c.h.p. generators are nothing new what is new is the way this one works burning wood to produce electricity without the help of a turbine but by means of thermoelectric generators an array of tiny thermocouples . then made up of two plates each a different metal alloy with different electrical conductivity if one is hotter than the other that difference is converted to electricity as charge carry is flow from the hot side to the cold side. every stone uses this model to

show how it works some of the generators are attached to the underside of an aluminum plate that connected by a cable to the electric fan mounted on the model plane. yeah i think i'm pretty harmless simply put my hand on top of the body heat transfers to the module. the cold side is the big block of aluminum underneath i mean sort temperature differences what makes the rotor spin. between is this fluid. nasir has used this kind of technology for ages the voyager one space probe launched in one thousand nine hundred seventy seven is powered by thermoelectric generators but still work after all this time. in a sense if it can work for forty years in space time that must be useful on earth and. that's precisely what he's demonstrated by developing his special stoves. its walls contain a hundred thermoelectric generators. the temperature inside is about three

hundred degrees celsius the state's outer walls are cooled by water flowing through a series of tubes and hitting it's not temperature differential that generates the electricity thanks to the magic of the firm a couple. two hundred thirty watts or so are enough to power a large refrigerator the lamps throughout the house every son has installed about three to stay. the power produced. spec wins haagen is an architect with a special interest in energy efficiency he wants to check out the study if. he's always on the lookout for innovations that might contribute to sustainability. that's a stiff new t. for me for me this is a first i've never seen anything quite like it i'm familiar with would guess occasion furnaces and they work very well. but this combination producing energy at home is really new noise. as

a prelude to the demonstration ericsson switches off the mains supply. now there's no power from the mains that's why the fridge light is off. then if a sim fires up the stove. the sinks see the rising it was at zero what's a moment ago now we're at three if we wait ten more minutes we'll be at around two hundred watts. on. them and don't forget all this from firewood just would not oil or gas. ten minutes after the fire was lit the refrigerator is plugged into a socket connected directly to the special started. the fire is burning bright under lectures the t. is flowing. really the most fun the moment of truth. and it works. as even if it is

a very promising and interesting technology we'll be hearing more about it like. ericsson's company already manufactures themselves the state he says there's lots of interest and he gets inquiries from all over the world. climate change is a global crisis. we already know many of the causes. and the consequent things like floods and droughts which could also have severe implications for the timber industry. researches in switzerland by doing a long term study on tree varieties to see which ones have the best chance of survival. the impact of climate change is particularly severe in switzerland the average temperature has

risen by two degrees celsius since records began more than twice the global average scientists say it could rise by up to six degrees by the end of the century switzerland's forests are under threat one growing danger is the lack of water leading to drought stress. steffen flickinger manages the forests unless if you've been on low land in the center of the country he's pessimistic. climate change means that some tree species are no longer suited to this area in the long term during the dry summer season beech trees can no longer draw the water up to their crowns the trees then begin to die from the top downwards. while the lowlands do still have areas with good growth conditions for the beach here mark green by the end of the century many will be in a far worse than state month read the best conditions then will only be found at

high altitude. and it's a similar situation with the spruce tree of vital importance for the european timber industry it will likewise struggle to grow at lower elevations. steffen flow concerns for his forests prompted him to calculate their projected development two years ago. he used the results to draw up a plan for the future. a concept or a mist to introduce natural regeneration wherever we have climate compatible tree species. and in other places we need to plant those types to at least ensure there are durable tree species there in the future forest does have a responsibility to plan for the next generation or so then. an approach that is welcomed by the likes of peter behind he heads the major research program founded by switzerland's environmental and forest research authority its objective is to

provide forest is like stephan field with strategies for the forests of the future . almost. have to constantly keep climate change in mind this is a factor with a real impact a tree that regenerates today will probably be exposed or have to be exposed to the climate at the end of the twenty first century that's something you have to incorporate. what stefan flow certainly does every decision he makes has just the one purpose to reinforce the forest and minimize risks that claim of climate change is happening and is already impacting on our work today determines what our work consists of. and sometimes that also means cutting down entire swathes of old trees next spring he'll be planting and other climate compatible trees here. in areas where the tree

population is still in a healthy condition he does what he can to boost the growth of the strongest and most promising trees. any trees standing in the way of that undertaking all removed this junk the next the resistance of the individual trees and such of the entire forest. the far east has also reduced the time he leaves until harvesting as he has trees do not grow too fake or too old they're less vulnerable it's a strategy that also benefits the structure of the forest space previously taken up by older trees is now available for the young saplings succeeding that. the resulting forest comprises trees in a range of different heights and ages the chances of some of the trees with standing in extreme some a drought or a storm considerably greater and with

a bit of luck this will in turn improve species diversity a further safeguard for the future. even famine if they all were removing these old trees because we already have a climate compatible next generation underneath waiting for sufficient light silver firs and some oaks as well both a species that will have no problem coping with a temperature increase of two to four degrees over the next fifty years because their research appear to have a bang says the both oaths and silver ferns are sound option. we are human so we do think here the oaks we have here have an innate ability to cope with dry conditions for us to be right and that's what makes this species fit for the future. east. but a broad diversity of species is crucial not just oaks and silver firs for peter pan that also means looking further afield and not just within switzerland or europe.

that's more than bacon most people have to bear in mind that our approaches towards tree diversity and nature in general need rethinking. and that also includes options such as incorporating tree species from overseas. from turkey for example which is where the cedar trees hail from some a drought and excessive heat pose no threat to this species. because. these imported species do have disadvantages though you could right now they can be sensitive to frost. such as this cedar. saw they might not yet have adapted to the snow. that's why we're testing the species on this patch because we can't say yet whether they'll try fear. trying is testing

six imported varieties for their viability. but the idea of introducing foreign species is a controversial one the douglas fir for example is considered an adequate substitute for the spruce but conservation groups say it reduces biodiversity and carries the risk of becoming invasive concerns that apply for all imported species. forest as stephan filthy guy is aware of that potential threat but the prospect of losing his forest to climate change is in his eyes the greater danger. if we keep an eye on survey results but regenerating the next generation is something that can't wait until the research is completed. so we've planted species here that we assume will be climate compatible like the douglas fir last year and some non-domestic species of up to. a carefully planned multinational tree planting scheme

to make his forest fitter for the future. that's all for now next time we'll take a look at blocked chain technology because of its decentralized nature it's regarded as one of the most secure forms of communication but what makes blood change so turns the creature. join us for that and more next time on tomorrow today see you then by.

networking on a global scale is helping open up the front in medical research. crowdfunding campaigns and the free exchange of information are creating alternatives for research outside the pharma industry. place new ideas new hopes. medical research on the moon.

seventy five minutes on d w. plus ninety the new channel for an independent view on current affairs in turkey. the latest developments and your analysis. repents with a comprehensive background. for somebody and political and social topics considered from different perspectives. we cover the issues that move turkey on a unique top form for information. plus ninety connect to an unbiased agenda subscribe now on you tube. if you ever have to cover up a murder the best way is to make a list of accidents raring to me. never read

a book like this. to the list germany the streets. please . don't. shoot me to get. discovery. documentary to.

play the odds last. place . is a lie from. palestinian officials say that they have reached a ceasefire agreement with israel to end a surge of violence in the gaza strip and southern israel can it lasts also coming up at least forty one people died as a russian airliner bursts into flames during an emergency landing in moscow and farmers in india demanded better financial how will their protests influence the

results of the country's general election tux.