india is planning to send land and rover to the moon very soon. meanwhile the european space agency is working with its russian counterpart on a mission to the lunar south pole. they plan to search for water ice and other chemical some of the surface and all eyes them with a miniature tree. but robots have their limits of course that's why samples from the south pole will also be brought back to earth. gathering the samples and transporting them will require complex technology. china has prodding to launch its 1st lunar sample return mission in the near future. the next model mission to the moon isn't expected to happen until after 2030. that is read why i am glad to. see you have a science question that you've always wanted oncet we're happy to help out and send

it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you catalog just on sc. send us an email contact us on twitter or facebook. coming face to me on you dirt from nigeria wants to know what language to robot speak. do indeed have their own language but they don't all speak the same one. wondering this week there's not. many of us are familiar with c 3 p.o.'s from the star wars movie you claim to be fluent in over 7000000 forms of communication in real life a robot can only understand its own programming language. that language dictates the particular instructions the robot has to follow in 1959 work by grace hopper.

led to the development of the 1st commercial programming language for use in business many other such codes followed each programming language is a set of rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. robots can be used for all kinds of jobs including things that humans are unable or unwilling to do boring monotonous tasks such as stacking things. they can also help with special missions such as underwater where it may be too cold or too dangerous for human divers. or in outer space in 2018 simon was sent to assist the astronauts on the international space station. but we can also do some small talk if you want to. but how do robots like simon learn to speak busy. it's not the same way that children learn by making sounds they gradually practice the words they hear

scientists the still not certain exactly what the learning process is occur in the brain with robots it's more simple they use words or phrases that humans have previously fed in the words a stored in the robot's database and can be called up as required. some robots are even able to learn using the data they already have. and thanks to the built in sound card the robot is then able to speak those words times will continue. to read us on the only invention that same stuff every day lives some have been game changes others just simply conveniences. but there's one particular invention a spin off from space without which much of our world would no longer for.

just how important are satellites for our society. well let's imagine for a moment what life would be like without them. the 2018 german soccer cup final in the dying seconds of the game underdogs frankfurt had the chance to wrap up a shock when. this is the chance to nail it. no satellites no live matches on t.v. even for homes that have cable television the signal still goes via satellite before being transmitted through the cable. so no more live broadcasting of events that could be annoying but without satellites things would get a lot worse than that. supermarket shelves would be a lot emptier. that's because satellites are vital for the container ships to

transport so many of our goods they need the global positioning system g.p.s. to navigate without that the perfect coordination of these huge freighters would no longer be possible. indecency cannot and without g.p.s. the ship would no longer know where it is where it needs to go and how it gets there the that would be a problem for large ships picking up goods from one port and transporting them to another wherever in the world that might be global trade would be in jeopardy. not just the trade in goods. satellites are also important in areas you might never expect they're equipped with high precision clocks and are constantly sending time signals to earth. easy used by financial markets here. computers execute trades worth huge sums

within milliseconds for real time trading to work clocks need to be precisely synchronized without satellites the ensuing chaos could cost billions. and other example where time is of the essence or energy supply. electricity grids must never be overloaded so the flow of power needs to be regulated down to the millisecond without satellites the systems would no longer be synchronized and collapse that would lead to serious repercussions. the other countries know for sure and obviously if you have no electricity nothing works in your home and and you couldn't fall back on your computer or anything else you could no longer communicate man the myth can sit in a community and no television no shipping no electricity and of course no weather forecast as that too requires data provided by satellites.

and it's not just a question of rain or sunshine it can be a matter of life and death with no prior warning of giant hail stones an approaching storm or the threat of floods it's almost impossible to evacuate people in time. and when natural disasters do occur emergency management services now rely heavily on satellite images. given all skinny fat man last week has no idea which regions most need help i might see on the edge of an area that they were floods but i have no idea how far they extend or which area is a worst affected so it will be a lot more difficult to organize everything and get help to where it's needed. and dimensions and. satellites affect large areas of civilian life but that's not

all. the meteor shower and an absence of satellites would have a huge impact on the military or you would have no images of the territory that i want to capture or that you want to scout out the normal forms of communication between units would be gone and moving around the territory would be impossible without satellite navigation other governments around the world would no longer know what their enemies are doing and could start to get nervous and quite possibly declare a state of emergency. kind of scenario that could easily lead to war. but don't worry that was all just us imagining what could happen. when the satellites positioned around our planets their way of earth any airplane the lowest ones which include scientific an observation satellites are just above

the top of that atmosphere g.p.s. satellites are further out. and a way up high are satellites for weather monitoring telecommunications and espionage. a real fight for orbital space is said to break out at the medium range heights 1100 kilometers. leading the pack in the space race there are already a range of old and new companies buying. among the front runners. the electric car maker made his 1st fortune with pay pal but for years he's been setting the pace in space with his. 2015 life decided to also try his hand in the commercial satellite business is aim to ensure global internet coverage via satellite the 1st prototypes. and into orbit in 2018 by 2025

tons to command a satellite fleet of 12000 almost 7 times as many as are currently orbiting the earth. must have real financial muscle. in 2015 the global conglomerate invested a $1000000000.00 in satellite project. the sun francisco based on it company is another american contender and one that also enjoys google backing founded in 2010 the company currently owns the largest private satellite fleet in space with some 150 of them. makes its money with automated surface surveillance in cities forests farmland planets cameras record every change. climate and space x. faced tough competition from one where it's headed by greg plans to launch almost 900 satellites into orbit he shares the same names as his competitors satellite

internet he has the support of billionaire entrepreneur richard branson who also wants to send to your wrists into orbit. communications satellite operators like i.c.'s have also joined the chase us there is space giant boeing is to provide the satellites for the european company to mean one south korean tech an industrial conglomerate sun sun once the last full fouls and 600 satellites into celestial all that. you move all of these companies fully realize their plans one thing's for sure the earth's orbit would get very crowded. how do you take a picture of an object that's invisible and very very far away a picture of a black hole in outer space that is so. nothing can resist its gravitational pull

it's a feat that an international team of scientists pulled off for the 1st time last month by focusing on the matter swirling around the black hole they recorded it so called shadow. astronomer eduardo dos and his team at the max planck institute for radio astronomy in germany were part of the project he explains how it worked. you will need several things 1st of all we have 2 black hole. they are in with the 7 so you produce a star this black waves of radio and to emit to them we need a telescope as big as the earth we have the earth and we have some pieces of this telescope which are smaller but i believe this is that all together the radio waves which come from the black hole

on this the core of these 6 they are shipped by airplane. to the correlation centers which are super computers would be one of the. scientists at a search dishes spread across the planet to produce images as if from a single telescope as wide as a. beach observatory received the radio signals from the black hole at different times due to the earth's constant rotation this enabled the scientists to pluck the outline of the black hole. if you have another pair of telescopes in another direction that will give you another circle then you get all of these crossing points and then you can reconstruct your image these they don't. think for teams of people who take them in the in the and into one of them. show the

picture amazingly they are one of the same that means nobody was looking for the black hole of all that the black hole was in that we could say you reckon we have it this is the 1st picture ever of a black hole we have seen where the time and space and in the most extreme case in the hurt or for remote galaxy which is just 55000000 dead nears away from. next week do medical drugs affect women and men differently it's a question that one german scientists just looking into her aim is to tailor drugs and treatments better to the specific needs of the different genders join us for that by.

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run up to be achieved. ochs 21 this is all to some interests. just the european idea of the legs and for the world. to live. coming up on. is it tedious monotonous. a list of time. the most boring thing a still lunch break the boring conferences held every year in london. it's anything but dull. it's just surreal amidst. your ruts and 13 of the. roads.

i was issued when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in a room very similar it was hard. i even got white hair. learning the german language now not just gives me a great opportunity to instruct the face you want to know their story. fighting and reliable information for migrants. land. lives lander.

frank food. international gateway to the best connection self and road to radio. located in the heart a few connected to the. experienced outstanding shopping and dining office and try our services. be our guest at frankfurt airport city managed by from.

austria vice chancellor is accused of promising state contracts in exchange for donations german media publish footage allegedly showing high school who also reached the far right freedom party meeting with the woman claiming to be a potential russian investor austrian opposition parties are calling for straka to resign. voting is drawing to a close in australia's national election poll showed the center left labor party led by bill shorten with a narrow lead heading into election day i believe but the governing liberal party of prime minister scott morrison had been closing the gap climate policy could prove to be the deciding issue. on saturday the world's most watched music competition the euro vision song contest will showcase $26.00 international acts who have made it to the final last year's winner israel is hosting the event participants will try to impress judges and do their country's proud bookmakers or tipping the netherlands to take top honors.

anti-government demonstrators took to the streets of the old jury in capital for the 13th consecutive friday they were demanding that the country's interim leader step down and that the presidential election planned for july 4th be canceled. but we need a political and a values based europe. hearts and minds we all share a longing for europe. to. europe emerge from the idea that there should never be another major war and that we should see ourselves as one i think that is a very very lovely idea and one that makes sense.

with figure can parliamentary elections around the corner we wanted to know what are the main concerns of people here at the moment. what it is and what other have . us $21.00 travels across the continent we sing a range of creative people. tell me a station in rome. this is where programmers and tourists arrive to discover the eternal city 3000 years of european history all concentrated in a very small space buildings that date back to the roman empire the vatican and other architectural masterpieces. the phone. it's also

a place where refugees and other migrants have gathered hoping for a better life in europe. though they're not always welcomed by the local population. and italy's interior minister has even threatened punitive measures for organizations that rescued refugees from the mediterranean and bring them to italy which you would usually. it's clever propaganda such bills are against the law and the constitution so it's legally impossible even if he says it's possible that in that jail on a stand that if it once again he's managed to ensure the topic hits the headlines fact that it should up at bat equipped with a man perhaps this is a strategy to occupy all the space in the media. and who caught up with reform and the country's cognitive space even more by is a writer francesca melandri has no problem expressing uncomfortable truths her

novel sung by jews door writes blood looks at the causes of racism it links today's refugee crisis to the darkest chapters of italian history this journey into the italian soul also tackles european illusions. no now they have all been missed so for a long time i didn't realize how much italy's president or much more europe's present is intertwined with the colonial past us out of what money i have known i will make up he thought he got me of all there in committee we meant that up with the day i didn't understand how incredibly direct the links are between what we are experiencing here in europe now and i say that very consciously or ok i'm colonialism. the writer spent 10 years researching her novel she is featured in a documentary that accompanied her to if the opiah where she explored italy's colonial history in what was then known as

a city or fact. as dictator benito mussolini invaded of a city or in 1935 and incorporated it into his new roman empire hundreds of thousands of lives were lost as a result of italian imperialism. band fascist italy developed its own racial theories but after the 2nd world war these and the atrocities committed in the colonies were passed. not a fact the. failure to face the past meant that this racism which is part of italy's history sank like a subterranean river coming few message that. it will be anti god and since democracy's antibodies are no longer effective and what was once impossible to say is now i no longer a political to boot. it's suddenly acceptable to say terrible things in public or

mythical so racism has returned and is dominating public discourse in this group because. the legacy of the talks and policies of colonialism remains in her novel francesco melandri indicts italy's africa policies of the past 85 years and those who are gaining political capital from the migrant crisis. the queen even knows after straw men. get used as a scapegoat to avoid talking about the real social problems in italy alley the lesser ship that is on in africa massive economic crisis the high unemployment and the terrible prospects for young people didn't even need. the european economic community was created in rome in 1957 this was the 1st step towards the european union a founding member italy is now europe's problems child with the populist parties in power campaigning against the e.u.

with the. not a more this government has really poisoned the discourse on the social interaction but italy also has strong antibodies and. the battle isn't over yet. no one can predict the outcome but back in court so it's not political if you're. in budapest reminders of the glory days of the austro hungary an empire about remnants of the communist era have largely been swept aside and those in power would prefer to forget 2004 as well that's the year hungary joined the european union. for viktor orbán and his governing party fidesz the e.u.

is the enemy on election posters that declared war on the block and its immigration policy is it's no coincidence there's no e.u. fact flying at the hungary and parliaments often a source of controversy m.p.'s from far right party jobbik even threw one out the window. into the e.u. flag also plays a role in this about new film a pro european activist tries to hang one up this scene was inspired by an event in real life. is there. in hunter's film the protagonist is suddenly confronted by the police. are. missed. then where they were so they didn't shoot this scene in hungary and naturally we changed the characters yet. in reality

a man perform this action 52 in the film a woman doesn't. make it shooting this scene in hungary where it would have been impossible feel awkward but it was. we'd have been denied permission right from the start for that there be some word you. got around this problem by shooting his new film in romania using drama students and film students his low budget production is aimed at the international market. we do is no stranger to this scene he took part in the berlin international film festival back in 2010 with this all to film with an unusual aesthetic a woman finds for her daughter while reviewing her past. why do doesn't want to be reliant on either government approval or funding he makes his films independently is a good reason for that in 2014 while attending the toronto international film festival he gave an interview that criticized the regime in hungary after that he received

no more funding for his films he came to realize except in money from the state cost to your independence. everything is cleansed. now there's hardly any area which you could say is truly independent. certainly not in the artistic sector anymore. in 2013 the national theatres openly gay artistic director or bad ferdi was sacked the government wanted hungary's cultural institutions to strengthen national identity or merely entertain the media has also become increasingly. singley onesided and those in the independent art scene find it hard to secure a rehearsal or performance basis. is currently writing

a new play which will be performed in this apartment. door. and is a gallery and cultural forum. a place for artists to exchange ideas and for counterculture just lying back in communist times. in the shadow of the showing good. bad is it me here we perform our place in just a few square metres of space a show. the audience that surround us usually around 40 people. normally the host of the salon provides some snacks and drinks after the performance. and discussions with the audience provide a real sense of community she goes to it. because the. sample choice do has found his niche yet more and more hungry and see no future for themselves in the country half a 1000000 have left during all bands time and on.