interview. in 60 minutes. what secrets lie behind these memos. to find them most of experience and explore fascinating and cultural heritage sites. of the d w world heritage 362 feet. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day you week a dose of science. coming up. back to the moon and the new race to earth's nearest neighbor. class satellites affect almost every area of modern life what would our world look

like without them. and what language do robots speak a question that's not as obvious as it seems to be and it's a scam. but 1st a quick trip around the world what does how long they in vietnam have in common with it was a falls in brazil and argentina and indonesia comedy island they're all places that those countries are famous for and south africa. table mountain springs to mind but the bay of bat tree is also a national treasure and it's an ancient species that's now under threat. when the gods became angry they uprooted a tree and thrust it back into the ground up wit the african legend about the origins of the bay of some of the trees are more than 2000 years old. stephen wood

born from south africa has studied them for 13 years. that mysteriously the biggest and the lotus one is in southern africa are beginning to die out. with a lot of research on the structure of the bat and we found the very unique structure it's a small to stand structure with several several trees are growing fused together we believe that that's driven by environmental conditions specifically by elephants elephants attack and those that don't have the smartest them structure will never reach old age the famous son learned a about tree in south africa was by some estimates more than 2000 years old a few years ago it collapsed stephen wood born is convinced that this abrupt die off a large old bear barbs can't be due to natural causes. they about growth is different to that of the trees determining the trees age is crucial to understanding the

cause of the die off which form collected small samples from the tree stems in the book the structure of the core you can see these lines which are actually rings these so these are ring structures that we know that perhaps these rings are not and no it means we can't count the rings here and get the age of the tree so for that reason we carbon dating using accelerate to mass spectrometry to get ph of the tree. sometimes that they are produces 6 rings in just one year in other years none at all in addition bayer bab's have a large cavity in their center that makes it difficult to count the oldest rings. the cavity of the sunland they are bob was large enough to hold a bar with room for 15 people to terrorists from far and wide for many years but in 2016 the tree began to split apart. one last day is still clinging to

life but for how long it would mourn doesn't know but he's documenting the deterioration of the last 2 years the storm has progressively collapsed and there's no evidence that we see any kind of disease we suspect that it may be an environmental condition may be rainfall but when we look at the rainfall records that we've reconstructed from 7 cured much drier conditions in the past and much wetter so it's not rainfall by itself we suspect that temperature is a factor that combines with rainfall to produce a safe. the combination of rising heat and long periods of drought is currently the main suspect southern africa is one of the fastest warming regions on earth. stephen wood born suspects that's connected to the collapse of the old display of ups. but there's even more disturbing news. one of the concerning factors is that we are using these very old and we would

expect in a normal healthy population that they would be june our trees that are growing all the maturing that would be replacing them and we're not seeing that we see juveniles we see the loss of the old trees and so what we think is happening the edge of the distribution is shifting and we think that that's in response to how climate is changing. it seems that the oldest and biggest day about trees in southern africa will increasingly disappear would forms research as part of an international collaboration between several universities researching the bay about bats how the massive die off was discovered 9 of the 13 oldest giant bear barbs have collapsed in the past dozen also years at the temple of oratory in johannesburg were born is trying to solve the mystery. his climate records are part of the study he wants to find out what environmental conditions made it possible for bay above still live over 2000 years. we need to view the collapse of these

sources sometime of something that's going on in the world climate changing and the i.p.c.c. reports that it's happening faster than we anticipated if we don't make a change to the way in which we manage carbon emissions. process. so far the die off has only been documented in southern africa but hasn't been any research on the rest of the continent scientists are hoping it's only a regional problem and that africa's legendary baby will not disappear forever. germany has trees strangely in the quality air we asked on facebook if your home country is known for any trademark or natural wonder that needs to be protected. only concession says the philippines has some of the biggest that they help to

pollinate trees in the wild but sadly these mega bats are an endangered species and salami from the city says the kingdom is known for its mountainous landscape and wild rivers. renate in peru says potatoes and corn are important as they represent the culture of his ancestors that's just a few of the many answers you gave us. and now we're off to the moon. unit exploration was at its height in the 1960 s. after that interest died down somewhat until now only 3 nations have so far managed to land on our nearest neighbor russia the u.s. and china neil armstrong's giant step for mankind entered the history books as he landed on the moon in 1989 who will follow in his footsteps.

until recently the moon was considered fairly boring a dusty and barren place out of life and of limited scientific interest. but space agencies are once again looking to our nearest neighbor. on hoping to use it as a launching pad to outer space. nasa wants to have a permanent man station on the moon. and the european space agency is likewise planning a space gateway. russia and china meanwhile are also planning manned missions to the moon. our understanding of the moon has changed fundamentally. a host of lunar exploration satellites have been launched in the past decade. they've ensured that it's now the most extensively researched celestial body and our planetary system after earth of course. since the

1960 s. scientists had suspected the existence of ice in the permanently shadowed craters at the moon's poles. these colder trucks are the chilliest parts of the moon. the temperatures here can sink as low as minus 240 degrees celsius. in 2009 another submission shed light on the mystery and confirmed the hypothesis. the agency's lunar reconnaissance orbiter circled the moon in a low orbit. nasa deliberately crashed a rocket into a crater on the moon's surface a 2nd probe collected a relay data on the resulting plume of deborah before it self impacting nearby. the lunar reconnaissance orbiter above was able to identify water vapor in the

cloud of dust. india launched its 1st lunar program 2008. its radar found evidence of water ice in more than 40 craters at the northern pole an estimated 600000000 tons of it. one day this water could help support a man station on the moon. the water itself might have arrived on the moon through collisions with asteroids or comets. or from the sun created when solar winds hit the moon surface and hydrogen atoms in the wind react with oxygen in the lunar rocks and dust to create page 2 of the water then pools in those deep chilly craters at the moon's poles. thanks to data collected by the lunar atmosphere and dust environment explorer nothing scientists recently made a sensational discovery. streams of meteoroids striking what appear to be dry

patches of the moon through a viper which enters the thin lunar up a sphere and moves water around the surface. in the years to come lunar robots will continue the exploration of the moon's resources. in january 29th seen china became the 1st nation to land on the far side of the moon in the region around the south pole. the probe is supposed to analyze the interaction of solar wind with the lunar surface. india is planning to send an orbiter land and rover to the moon very soon. meanwhile the european space agency is working with its russian counterpart on a mission to the lunar south pole. they plan to search for water ice and other

chemicals under the surface and analyze them with a miniature libertarian. robots have their limits of course that's why samples from the south pole will also be brought back to earth. gathering the samples and transporting them will require complex technology. china is planning to launch its 1st lunar sample return mission in the near future. the next man mission to the moon isn't expected to happen until after 2030. well what is red white why don't you prove it. to you have a size question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out you send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show one send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. send us an email contact us on twitter or facebook. coming

face to fianna dirt from nigeria wants to know what language to robots speak. robots do indeed have their own language but they don't all speak the same one. wandering distant there's not. many of us are familiar with c 3 p.o.'s from the star wars movie as you claim to be fluent in over 7000000 forms of communication in real life a robot can only understand its own programming language. that language dictates the particular instructions the robot has to follow in 1909 work by grace hopper led to the development of the 1st commercial programming language for use in business many other such codes followed each programming language is a set of rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. robots can be used for all kinds of jobs including things that humans are unable or unwilling to do boring monotonous tasks

such as stacking things. they can also help with special missions such as underwater where it may be too cold or too dangerous for human divers. borin outer space in 2018 simon was sent to assist the astronauts on the international space station. but we can also do some small goal if you want to. go. but how do robots like simon learn to speak. it's not the same way that children learn by making sounds they gradually practice the words they hear scientists are still not certain exactly what the learning process is occur in the brain with robots it's more simple they use words or phrases that humans have previously fed in. the words a stored in the robot's database and can be called up as required.

some robots are even able to learn using the data they already have. and thanks to the built in sound card the robot is then able to speak those words come to you. forever only invention that changed our everyday lives some have been game changes others simply conveniences. but there's one particular invention and spin off from space without which much of our world would no longer function. just how important are satellites for our society. well let's imagine for a moment what life would be like without them. the 2018 german soccer cup final in the dying seconds of the game underdogs frankfurt

had the chance to wrap up a shock when. this is the chance to nail it. no satellites no live matches on t.v. even for homes that have cable television the signal still goes via satellite before being transmitted through the cable. so no more live broadcasting of events that could be annoying but without satellites things would get a lot worse than. supermarket shelves would be a lot emptier. that's because satellites are vital for the container ships the transport so many of our goods they need the global positioning system g.p.s. to navigate without that the perfect coordination of these huge freighters would no longer be possible. indecency cannot in the stagnant i saw without g.p.s.

the ship would no longer know where it is where it needs to go and how it gets there if the that would be a problem for large ships picking up goods from one port and transporting them to another wherever in the world that might be global trade would be in jeopardy. not just the trade in goods. satellites are also important in areas you might never expect they're equipped with high precision clocks and are constantly sending time signals to earth. easy used by financial markets here computers execute trades work huge sums within milliseconds for real time trading to work clocks need to be precisely synchronized without satellites the ensuing chaos could cost billions. and other example where time is of the essence or energy supply.

electricity grids must never be overloaded so the flow of power needs to be regulated down to the millisecond without satellites the systems would no longer be synchronized and collapse that would lead to serious repercussions. you know concessional forced and obviously if you have no electricity nothing works in your home and you couldn't fall back on your computer or anything else you could no longer communicate and. that would consider. no television no shipping no electricity and of course no weather forecast to requires data provided by satellites. and it's not just a question of rain or sunshine it can be a matter of life and death with no prior warning of giant hailstones an approaching storm or the threat of floods it's almost impossible to evacuate people in time.

when natural disasters do occur emergency management services now rely heavily on satellite images. of an all skinny fat man who last week has no idea which regions most need help i might see on the edge of an area that they were floods but i have no idea how far they extend or which areas are worst affected so it will be a lot more difficult to organize everything and get help to where it's needed. and dimensions and. so satellites affect large areas of civilian life but that's not all. the meteor shower and absence of satellites would have a huge impact on the military or you would have no images of the territory that i want to capture or that you want to scout out the normal forms of communication

between units would be gone and moving around the territory would be impossible without satellite navigation. governments around the world would no longer know what their enemies are doing could start to get nervous quite possibly declare a state of emergency. the kind of scenario that could easily lead to war. but don't worry that was all just imagining what could happen. where the satellites positioned around our planet their way of earth any airplane the lowest ones were to include scientific an observation satellites are just above the top of that atmosphere g.p.s. satellites are further out. and of way up high are satellites for weather monitoring telecommunications and espionage. plus a real fight for orbital space to break out at the medium range heights 1100

kilometers of the earth. leading the pack in the corporate space race there are already a range of old and new companies buying for supremacy. among the front runners. the electric car maker made his 1st fortune with pay pal but for years he's been setting the pace in space with his. 2015 month decided to also try his hand in the commercial satellite business is aiming to ensure global internet coverage via satellite the 1st prototypes. into orbit in 2018 by 2025 pounds to command a satellite fleet of 12000 almost 7 times as many as a currently orbiting the earth. must have real financial muscle. in 2015 the global conglomerate invested

a $1000000000.00 in musk satellite project. some francisco based money company is another american contender and one that also enjoys google backing founded in 2010 the company currently owns the largest private satellite fleet in space with some 150 of them. makes its money with automated surface surveillance cities forest farmland planets cameras record every change. planet and space x. faced tough competition from one where it's headed by greg plans to launch almost 900 satellites into orbit share the same names as his competitors satellite internet he has the support of billionaire entrepreneur richard branson who also wants to send 2 wrists into orbit the elite. communications satellite operators like yes i've also joined the chase us aerospace giant boeing

is to provide the satellites for the european company. mean one south korean tank an industrial conglomerate some sun wants to loft full fouls and 600 satellites into celestial albeit. if all of these companies fully realize their plans one thing's for sure the earth's orbit would get very crowded. how do you take a picture of an object that's invisible and very very far away a picture of a black hole in outer space that is so. nothing can resist its gravitational pull it's a feat that an international team of scientists pulled off for the 1st time last month by focusing on the matter swirling around the black hole they recorded it so called shadow. astronomer eduardo dos and his team at the max planck institute for radio astronomy in germany were part of the project he explains how

it worked. well into emitter black hole you will need several things 1st of all we have 2 black hole. they are and with the 7 so you produce a star this black hole waves of radio until he meets them we need that kind of scope as weak as the earth we have the earth and we have some pieces of this telescope which are smaller but i believe this is that all together their radio waves which come from their block or on this. these 6 they are shipped by airplane. to the correlation centers which are

supercomputers would be one of. the scientists at 8 such dishes spread across the planet to produce images as if from a single telescope as wide as a. observatory received the radio signals from the black hole at different times due to the earth's constant rotation this enabled the scientists to plot the outline of the black hole. and have another pair of telescopes in another direction that will give you another circle and you get all of these crossing points and then you can reconstruct your image is they go. for teams of people who took them in the in the i need to one of them. show the picture amazingly they are one of the same that means nobody was looking for the black hole and found that the black hole was in the big top we will say you reckon we have it this is the 1st picture ever of a black hole we have seen one of the time and space and in the most extreme case

in the heart or fairy mode galaxy which is just 55000000 viewers away from. next week do medical drugs affect women and men differently it's a question that one german scientist is looking into her aim is to tailor drugs and treatments better to the specific needs of the different genders join us for that by.

the e.u. to man up to be a chick. 21 this is absent from the country. the european idea. that loves them for their work.

to feel. the demon spawn double. an action packed life. anything's possible as long as our coffee and his friends can drink. this movie in 10 years dobbs refugee camp . his life story may have ground to a halt. 27 years ago but there's no holding back his dreams. thank you for what. cinema stars mean 27 on a double. earth. home to millions of

species a home worth saving. and those are big changes and most start with small steps global ideas tell stories of creative people and innovative projects around the world like news has encountered the climate boost green energy solutions and reforestation. they come into interactive content teaching the next generation about environmental protection and when to turn and to build something here for the next generation global ideas the multimedia environment series on to w. c. 1st day of school in the jungle. first clueless of the. doris crane moment on mars. joined you ready to take on her journey back to freedom league in our interactive

documentary the world to bring you to returns home on d w dot com from returning. soldiers played . this is deja vu news live from berlin tens of thousands of people take to the streets across europe to protest against far right parties that show their support for the e.u. recent polls show nationalist and populist parties are likely to make major gains in european parliament elections which begin this coming thursday. also coming up austria's president calls that.