you can download it you can still come back from super. to be able to. have very courses for that into active exercises i think about it d w dot com slash dr len on facebook in the app store. learn german for free devaney. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day you week a dose of science. coming up. back to the moon and the new race to earth's nearest neighbor. class satellites affect almost every area of modern life what would our world look like without them. and what language do bro bot speak a question that's not as obvious as it seems it's been interesting.

but 1st a quick trip around the world what does how long they in vietnam have in common with the it was a false imprisonment and argentina and indonesia's common island they're all places that those countries are famous for and south africa. table mountain springs to mind but the bay of that tree is also a national treasure it's an ancient species that's now under threat. when the gods became angry they uprooted a tree and thrust it back into the ground where it lands the african legend about the origins of the bay about some of the trees are more than 2000 years old stephen wood born from south africa has studied them for 13 years. but mysteriously the biggest and the oldest ones and son. in africa are beginning to

die out. we've done a lot of research on the structure of the bab's and we found that the. beds have a unique structure it's the small to stand structure where several several trees are growing fused together we believe that that's driven by environmental conditions and specifically by elephants elephants attack and those that don't have the smartest them structure will never reach old age the famous son learned a about tree in south africa was by some estimates more than 2000 years old a few years ago it collapsed stephen wood born is convinced that this abrupt die off a large old bear barbs can't be due to natural causes. they about growth is different to that of the trees determining the trees age is crucial to understanding the cause of the die off what form collected small samples from the tree stems look at the structure of the back or you can see these lines which are actually rings and

so these are ring structures that we know that perhaps that these rings are not and no it means we can't count the rings here and get the age of the tree so for that reason we carbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometry 2 to get the edge of the tree. sometimes that they are bad produces 6 rings in just one year in other years none at all in addition they are bab's have a large cavity in their center that makes it difficult to count the oldest rings. the cavity of the sunland they are bob was large enough to hold a bar with room for 15 people to tourists from far and wide for many years but in 2016 the tree began to split apart. one last stand still clinging to life but for how long would want doesn't know but he's documenting the deterioration of the last 2 years the stone has progressively collapsed and there's

no evidence that we see any kind of disease we suspect that it may be an environmental condition may be rainfall but when we look at the rainfall records that we've reconstructed from safe and cured much drier conditions in the past and much wetter so it's not rainfall by itself we suspect that temperature is a factor that combines with rainfall to produce this effect. the combination of rising heat and long periods of drought is currently the main suspect southern africa is one of the fastest warming regions on earth stephen would born suspects that's connected to the collapse of the old despair of ups. but there's even more disturbing news. one of the concerning factors is that we are using these very old and we would expect in a normal healthy population that they would be june our trees that are growing all the maturing that would be replacing them and we're not seeing that we see

juveniles we see the loss of the old trees and so what we think is happening the edge of the distribution is shifting and we think that that's in response to climate change and. it seems that the oldest and biggest pay about trees in southern africa will increasingly disappear would forms research as part of an international collaboration between several universities researching the bay about that's how the massive die off was discovered 9 of the 13 oldest giant they are bob's have collapsed in the past dozen also years at the temple of oratory in johannesburg were born is trying to solve the mystery. his climate records are part of the study he wants to find out what environmental conditions made it possible. so bad bob's to live over 2000 years. we need to view the collapse of these as some time of something that's going on in the world climate search engine and

the i.p.c.c. reports that it's happening faster than we anticipated if we don't make a change to the way in which we manage carbon emissions. process. so far the die off has only been documented in southern africa that hasn't been any research yet on the rest of the continent scientists are hoping it's only a regional problem and that africa's legendary baby will not disappear forever. germany has trees strangely of a quality there we asked on facebook if your home country is known for any trademark or natural wonder that needs to be protected. who don't you can she says the philippines has some of the biggest that they help to pollinate trees in the wild but sadly these mega bats are an endangered species and say lani from the city

says the kingdom is known for its mountainous landscape and wild rivers. renate in peru says potatoes and corn are important as they represent the culture of his ancestors that's just a few of the many answers you gave us. and now we're off to the moon. unit exploration was at its height in the 1960 s. after that interest died down somewhat until now only 3 nations have so far managed to land on our nearest neighbor russia the u.s. and china neil armstrong's giant step for mankind entered the history books as he landed on the moon in 1969 who will follow in his footsteps. until recently the moon was considered fairly boring a dusty and barren place to live and of limited scientific interest. but sperry

station cities are once again looking to our nearest neighbor. on hoping to use it as a launching pad to outer space. nasa wants to have a permanent man station on the moon. and the european space agency is likewise planning a space gateway. russia and china meanwhile are also planning manned missions to the moon. our understanding of the moon has changed fundamentally. a host of lunar exploration satellites have been launched in the past decade. they've ensured that it's now the most extensively researched celestial body and our planetary system after earth of course. since the $960.00 s. scientists had suspected the existence of ice in the permanently shadowed craters at the moon's poles. these colder trucks are the chilliest

parts of the moon. temperatures here can sink as low as minus 240 degrees celsius. in 2009 an awesome mission shed light on the mystery and confirmed the hypothesis. the agency's lunar reconnaissance orbiter circled the moon in a low orbit. nasir deliberately crashed a rocket into a crater on the moon's surface a 2nd probe collected a relight data on the resulting plume of deborah before it self impacting nearby. the lunar reconnaissance orbiter above was able to identify water vapor in the cloud of dust. india launched its 1st lunar probe in 2008. its radar found evidence of water ice in more than 40

craters at the northern pole an estimated 600000000 tons of it. one day this water could help support a man station on the moon. the water itself might have arrived from the moon through collisions with asteroids or comets or from the sun created when solar winds hit the moon's surface and hydrogen atoms in the wind react with oxygen in the lunar rocks and dust to create. the water then pools in those deep chilly craters at the moon's poles. thanks to data collected by the lunar atmosphere and dust environment explorer nothis scientists recently made a sensational discovery. streams of meteoroids striking what appear to be dry patches of the moon from a vapor which enters the thin lunar upness fear and moves water around the surface

. in the years to come lunar robots will continue the exploration of the moon's resources. in january 29th seen china became the 1st nation to land on the far side of the moon in the region around the south pole. the probe is supposed to analyze the interaction of solar wind with the lunar surface. india is planning to send an orbiter land and rover to the moon very soon. meanwhile the european space agency is working with its russian counterpart on a mission to the lunar south pole. they plan to search for water ice and other chemicals under the surface and analyze them with a miniature libertarian. robots have their limits of course that's why samples from

the south pole will also be brought back to earth. gathering the samples and transporting them will require complex techno. china is prodding to launch its 1st lunar sample return mission in the near future. the next man mission to the moon isn't expected to happen until after 2030. well what is red white bottom i hate. to do have a science question that you've always wanted oncet we're happy to help out and send it to us as a video text over as well if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. send us an e-mail contact us on twitter or facebook. coming face to me on a dirt from nigeria wants to know what language to robot speak. robots do indeed

have their own language but they don't all speak the same one. wandering distant there's not. many of us are familiar with c 3 p.o.'s from the star wars movie it's claimed to be fluent in over 7000000 forms of communication in real life a robot can only understand its own programming language. that language dictates the particular instructions the robot has to follow in 1959 work by grace hopper led to the development of the 1st commercial programming language for use in business many other such codes followed each programming language is a set of rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. robots can be used for all kinds of jobs including things that humans are unable or unwilling to do boring monotonous tasks such as stacking things. they can also help with special missions such as

underwater where it may be too cold or too dangerous for human divers. more in outer space in 2018 simon was sent to assist the astronauts on the international space station commands but we can also do some small talk if you want to. but how do robots like simon learn to speak. it's not the same way that children learn by making sounds they gradually practice the words they hear scientists are still not certain exactly what the learning process is occur in the brain with robots it's more simple if they use words or phrases that humans have previously fed in. the words a stored in the robot's database and can be called up as required. some are even able to learn using the data they already have.

and thanks to the built in sound card the robot is then able to speak those words the times when you. read lots and the only invention that changed our everyday lives some have been game changes others simply conveniences. but this one particular invention a spin off from space without which much of our world would no longer function. just how important are satellites for our society. well let's imagine for a moment what life would be like without them. the 2018 german soccer cup final in the dying seconds of the game underdog frankfurt had the chance to wrap up a shock when i just this is the chance to nail it. no

satellites no live matches on t.v. even for homes that have cable television signal still goes via satellite. before being transmitted through the cable. so no more live broadcasting of events that could be annoying but without satellites things would get a lot worse than the. supermarket shelves would be a lot emptier. that's because satellites are vital for the container ships to transport so many of the goods they need to global positioning system g.p.s. to navigate without that the perfect coordination of these huge freighters would no longer be possible. in visits if not in stagnant prices without g.p.s. the ship would no longer know where it is where it needs to go and how it gets there the that would be

a problem for large ships picking up goods from one port and transporting them to another wherever in the world that might be global trade would be in jeopardy. not just the trade in goods. satellites are also important in areas you might never expect they're equipped with high precision clocks and are constantly sending time signals to earth. easy used by financial markets here computers execute trades worth huge sums within milliseconds for real time trading to work clocks need to be precisely synchronized without satellites the ensuing chaos could cost billions. and other example where time is of the essence or energy supply. electricity grids must never be overloaded so the flow of power needs to be

regulated down to the millisecond without satellites the systems would no longer be synchronized and collapse that would lead to serious reap. persons. you know conditional forced to be asleep if you have no electricity nothing works in your home and you couldn't fall back on your computer or anything else you could no longer communicate on this man the myth. no television no shipping no electricity and of course no weather forecast as that too requires data provided by satellites. and it's not just a question of rain or sunshine it can be a matter of life and death with no prior warning of giant hailstones an approaching storm or the threat of floods it's almost impossible to evacuate people in time. and when natural disasters do occur emergency management services now rely heavily

on satellite images. you are not asking for it may be last week has no idea which regions most need help i might see on the edge of an area that they were floods but i have no idea how far they extend or which areas are worst affected so it will be a lot more difficult to organize everything and get help to where it's needed. and the dimensions. so satellites affect large areas of civilian life but that's not all. the meteor shower and an absence of satellites would have a huge impact on the military or you would have no images of the territory that i want to capture or that you want to scout out the normal forms of communication between units would be gone and moving around the territory would be impossible without satellite navigation. governments around the world would no longer know

what their enemies are doing and could start to get nervous and quite possibly declare a state of emergency. kind of scenario that could easily lead to war. but don't worry that was all just us imagining what could happen. satellites positioned around our planet their way of earth any airplane the lowest ones which includes scientific an observation satellites are just above the top of that atmosphere g.p.s. satellites are further out. and of way up high are satellites for weather monitoring telecommunications and. a real fight for orbital space is said to break out at the medium range heights 1100 kilometers the earth. leading the pack in the corporate space race there are already

a range of old and new companies buying. among the front runners must be electric car maker made his 1st fortune with pay pal but for years he's been setting the pace in space with his. 2015 bus decided to also try his hand in the commercial satellite business is aimed to ensure global internet coverage via satellite the 1st prototypes. and into orbit in 2018 by 2025 pounds to command a satellite fleet of 12000 almost 7 times as many as are currently orbiting the earth. must have real financial muscle. in 2015 the global conglomerate invested a $1000000000.00 satellite project. the sun francisco based on it company is another american contender one that also enjoys

google backing founded in 2010 the company currently owns the largest private satellite in space with some 150 of them. makes its money with automated surface surveillance cities forests farmland planets cameras record every change. granite and space x. faced tough competition from one where it's headed by greg who plans to launch almost 900 satellites into orbit and he shares the same aims as his competitors satellite internet he has the support of billionaire entrepreneur richard branson who also wants to send to her wrists into orbit the a. communications satellite operators like f.c.s. also join the chase us aerospace giant boeing is to provide the satellites for the european company to mean one south korean tech an industrial conglomerate some some

want to loft for fouls and 600 satellites into celestial albeit. middle of these companies fully realize their plans one thing's for sure the earth's orbit would get very crowded. how do you take a picture of an object that is invisible and very very far away a picture of a black hole in outer space that is so dense nothing can resist its gravitational pull it's a feat that an international team of scientists pulled off for the 1st time last month by focusing on the matter swirling around the black hole they recorded it so called shadow. astronomer eduardo dos and his team at the max planck institute for radio astronomy in germany were part of the project he explains how it worked. the emitter of black hole you will need several things

1st of all we have 2 black hole. they are and with the 7 so you know it's a star this black hole and it waves of radio and to me to them we need a telescope as weak as the earth we have the earth and we have some pieces of this telescope which are small but i believe. that look all together their radio waves which come from the black hole on this the core of the thing these 6 they are shipped by airplane. to the correlation centers which are supercomputers where do you want to use the. scientists at such dishes spread across the planet to produce images as if from a single telescope as wide as

a. beach observatory receive the radio signals from the black hole at different times due to the earth's constant rotation this enabled the scientists to pluck the outline of the black hole. and have another pair of telescopes in another direction that will give you another circle and you get all of these crossing points and then you can reconstruct your revenge these they go. for teams of people who take them in the in the on each one of them. show the picture amazingly they are one of the same that means nobody was looking for the black hole and fall that the black hole was in the top we will say you recall we have it this is the 1st picture ever of a black hole with i've seen one of the time and space and in the most extreme case in the heart of 30 more galaxy which is just 55000000

years away from. next week do medical drugs affect women and men differently it's a question that one german scientists just looking into her aim is to tailor the drugs and treatments better to the specific needs of the different genders join us for that oh by.

the enemy. brussels. their mission to destroy the even from the. right wing populists could make big gains in the european elections. and even for euro skeptics you can. just what our heroes from right wing populists out. in 15 minutes on d w.

shifting powers the old order is history the world is religion izing itself and the media's role is to keep the topic in focus have a global media forum 2019 today one out of 2 people is online who are we following whom do we trust debate and shape the future at the georgia dome and global media for 2019. i am the rain forest i watched them grow up here they've left but they always come back busy. yes they always come back. for my trees there were my plants their medicine this.

for my beauty their escape. and i've always been. and i. just. sometimes i grieve for. nothing gone for ever. push humans are so smart so ost smart such big brains and opposable foam. they know how to make things amazing things now why would they need an old forest like me any. chunk trini. will do breathe air. and i make. sure that. sure there's so. little thing in. human

making their that'll be fun to watch. austria's president has called for new elections in september that after a corruption scandal allegedly involving vice chancellor heinz christians broke down the coalition government of conservatives and the far right freedom party. u.s. president donald trump has tweeted a stark warning to turan writing if iran wants to fight that will be the official end of iran never threaten the.