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soil is a healthy living vibrant ecosystem minute self it cycles nutrients it holds water and it sustains life all life began and them with the soil. was promoted monoculture in the big big way and their monoculture sorting is just not working. where you want us to we need arable land but over fertilizing 911 count in the long run it's all. going to say it's pretty clear we're facing climate change so it's even more important for the future that we keep our soils healthy marks through to. something although we eat twice as many festivals as we did in the 1970 s. we take in less and less minerals and try. elements that's what i am.

really really keeping food at a very very low price artificially you know products. by deploying very simplistic agricultural systems we have to safeguard them protects there was some nasty chemicals. in. the world's arable land is the foundation of civilization it gives us almost everything that we eat but of all natural resources it attracts the least attention and it's being destroyed faster than it's reformed. $10000000.00 hectares of land

a year or 30 football pitches every minute are depleted and taken out of production . here you are putting it said the soil is anything about disposable. surface wrong takes a long long time to become arable land area head of the rock has to crumble it can take thousands of years before you can grow crops and it they've got to support soar in the living of the smoke on the globe. almost going to develop then they would if we share the planet's arable land each person would get about 2000 square metres of your perfect but the world's population is growing only rapidly destroying the soil so that figure won't apply in the long run. saudis are most important. measure of their were on the content 80 percent of them by ourselves that were around for his readers or valuing system or for that they were owned and if we don't take care of

a team he would died in the end the quality of the projection. and then we all seek because so you go seek. this oil is a living system and if unstable will throw everything else out of balance including us human beings. we probably don't realize just how important it is or how much of the land on our planet desirable the entire population of the world is to be fed from an area smaller than russia that's all there is. i'm sort of famous layer on the earth in which the trance and the life can thrive so it's a very very shadowy area some places maybe a meter but in some of the places is only a few centimeters so it's a very thin layer. it kind of occupies the space between

rock and life half of soil is broken down pieces of mineral and half of it is decomposing organic matter that was living and so it's kind of that interface. many teeth that we would know so might look pretty sterile but you just can't see the things and see it in each square meter they are more bacteria than people on earth that is to me a bacteria in the things and where you everything that comes into contact with the soil like leaves and toxins chemicals that shouldn't be there is processed by the organisms that live in the soil toss your house oh don't want any special things you can. soil. once thought by many to be dead cold and black. but a large portion of all living creatures are believed to inhabit this microcosm. the length of fun guy my silja is virtually endless an ecosystem that breaks down

organic matter whether it's minerals purifies water and services the entire biosphere. doesn't portray yet to be happy and although it's primarily the bacteria that react with any new material so the millions of bacteria that reproduce if they get too much food. or go in this can then they're funky that break down nutrients so that they are in the perfect condition to be absorbed by plants along with soil moisture but soon gave the market skim. you know it's all about life and death because you need that that cycle and that's what the soil food web is. the plants in the soil need one another they've developed in perfected a mutual balance during the course of evolution that has become

a self sufficient entity. if you look at how a healthy soil ecosystem functions it's all about photosynthesis how much sunlight can i capture with living plants those living plants then through photosynthesis pump carbon into this hole and as they do that that carbon then in the soil feeds all that sort of life and allows that soil to produce much much more. photosynthesis is a miracle of nature that extracts carbon and in conjunction with the degradation of organic matter creates humus the soil layer that is a prerequisite for all food production it's in the humus that we find most of the nutrients but it's also the humus the disappears in modern farming diversity and the number of organisms decrease and the self-sufficient entity falls apart.

it seems awkward to regard the plough until it just threats since they traditionally symbolize fertility and good times but contemporary food production has become so industrialized that it causes damage to soil layers deeper down as well. soil compaction is an increasing problem become more and more specialized which calls for more rationalize ation measures the machinery gets larger and heavier cultivation seasons become longer so we tell the land while it's wet. but he's factor's all course soil compaction the yield gradually decreases as the soil is deprived of and to breathe or. this impacts the layers below ploughing depth which become almost like cement. it creates

a kind of lid that won't let through any rainfall and that results in flooding it also prevents water from being filtered and groundwater reserves from being replenished. industrial monocultural food production creates problems. with promoted monoculture in a big big way and monoculture on saudi is just not working in europe you have soldiers that have for the last 30 years never seen another crop than their wheat or maize and when you look at this on as just horrible what we find is the north where there's no doubt if hardly any pirates according to bt when the sword problems and you have a farmer that's telling you that he's in every year he's using more fitted eyes or

any day he owns i'm not any better. than our food supply chain rests on streamlined farming. one of the conditions for this is mana cultivation the same annual crops over large areas there's no variation in the natural interaction between plants and soil has been done away with. the soil decays one 3rd of all soil in europe is said to be under stress. in some parts of the usa california among others plantations and groundwater systems are collapsing the cycle has been thrown off balance. this is the land of huge cultivated areas taken globally

a 3rd of all wheat is grown on the american prairie but there are farmers who work differently recognising the threats and who are questioning industrial farming. modern agriculture to me unfortunately has become one that's driven by money. i often look at most producers marilee s. puppets you know they're doing what they're told to do plant this crop use this fertilizer use this chemical grow this model called sure to me that's not what agriculture should be agriculture should be about producing healthy food in a way that actually regenerates the soil but it's just not that way to. just look at this soil how cap it is now i'm a big guy but. i got to hard at it.

but look at the cross on the soil look at the plating us and if you smell lad you can smell the bacteria how rancid it is now this operation same family for 15 years but the only true crops they have grown is flax in spring we model called hers very little diversity the other thing you notice obviously there was no earthworms there was no life you see no insects help there. this crap isn't getting very many nutrients at all from the soil the soil is more last just a medium to hold the plant up for their operation they farm approximately 40000 cropland acres. i use them synthetic herbicides and pesticides fungicides look at the right mass. the rats are moving horizontally they're not move and vertically. look at the box and said you can just see the ball

density of the soil how hard it is that's from synthetic fertilizers. and that absolutely. flames are some of the most important and innocence in the soil so and the end of it there are many different species and sizes but they do the same thing all along that i had they transformed the organic material don't get as they dig tunnels in the soil you know. in these tunnels shall untruths have space to grow and rain can get in. and pull it creates a poorest and fine mess of small cavities in the ground with the water can easily trickle down mike so you reach the ground will get purified and not run off the surface carrying with the topsoil and causing erosion that we're done in town nancy my son mark you're going mia thank you sean.

monoculture affects all soil organisms especially earthworms who are immensely important to the fertility and structure of the soil in the humus they transport minerals and nutrients from deep down to the surface. in healthy. this means tons of earthworms and countless miles of their tunnels unfortunately they're in decline. without the earthworm the humus and the ecosystem lose their most brilliant engineer. earthworms do not like synthetic fertilizers they do not like pesticides they do not like fungicide they do not like herbicides they do not like monocultures they

do not like bare soil they need proper residue they need a healthy home they need soil aggregation. to. break some in and agriculture that doesn't use cow minyanim but only chemical fertilizers the earth with them snack food and thank you that they have nothing to eat they need material to live without it they die or go somewhere else after the 2 months. but how does an earthworm move across these vast fields on the surface of the soil is swept clean of all plant debris and again a matter of. ordinary manure is no longer a given the only thing that suggested the days of self-sufficient funding when nutrients were circulated for the dung flies enjoying what little colored dung is still around.

the lack of organic matter not only affects earthworms and other soil living creatures but also the all important exchange of nutrients between plants and funny guy. in debate over city of the sosa all of the elements are very important. you have a lot of fungus leggo we call recall is which are very very important because they are the elements that make the link between an ordained new treatments and all the elements you have in this earth and there with the roots of the vineyard so if you don't have this a huge family of a fungus you now have any communication between the sorry and the plants so they really are local in acacia and. so on but are funky have my celiac to

absorb nutrients like phosphorus plants have photosynthesis they can't just sunlight and carbon dioxide you see on their own they can't absorb enough nutrients from the ground and also a fungus in the plant swap with each other so beetle might take them on. 90 percent of all plants interact with fun going to guarantee the absorption of vital minerals and other nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus a crucial ecosystem service that is under threat from chemical farming. the problem with mike rice is that like any fun guy they are sensitive to from the sides and you know the culture we use a lot of funny cide especially when we are in with a country and once the plants loses this symbiote take association with the

microbes that it loses also its ability to take a phosphorous in the soil. only could it suffer better if the mike arise that disappeared from the soil it takes a long time for them to return to the creator and recall denies ation starts from the edges of the field. so if. you have large fields it's an even slower process you know some of the process. if this natural exchange is lost we risk becoming dependent on chemical fertilizers particularly phosphorous which is only mined in a few places in the world. we compensate for the lack of natural nutrients with chemistry elements like nitrogen and phosphorous and potassium are manufactured using energy intensive methods. fertility has diminished

but crops still grow are we covering the depletion of our soil with chemical fertilizers. so can the chemical fertilizers mean you don't need animals to foam and you can get big harvests even in soils that lack what they need to deliver these harvests theory you know. everything have a cause chemical fertilisers unlike sugar it's a lot of energy easily accessible but short lived you can't run a marathon on sugar alone. soils are meant to be there forever that's why we can't fertilize them with think that you're slow or you'll die metal. and right now we will put you know 100 kilos of nitrogen and between 40 and 60 of those kilos go somewhere else in the environment they're not taken up by the crop. monoculture and chemical fertilizers constitute

a threat to the soil becomes passive and the nutrients end up in oceans lakes and other waterways. dangerous compounds to fast for a space to produce. become part of the food we eat. here we're going to force we're going to want to problem with phosphorous fertilizers is that they often contain cadmium trouble removing it is costly course. keeping it means lots of cadmium enough food in the future many problems are accumulating in modern agriculture but i would only be able to get. much of what we end up using agro chemicals for insecticides fungus sites things like this is to compensate for the lack of diversity diversity in the natural

system is what prevents diseases from taking down all of the plants. there it's what prevents one insect from just exploding because there's habitats for predators living in other plants and so by by deploying very simplistic agricultural systems we have to safeguard that protect them with some nasty chemicals. her. her.

in production agriculture today. producers are focused on how do i kill a pest kill a pest. for every insect species that's the past there are 1700 that are beneficial so here we are in production agriculture trying to kill our one pass when we should be providing a home for the 1700 that if you that makes the most sense it makes no sense what we're doing in agriculture. what happened you find everything in diversity but in just over half

a century agriculture has become industrialized and reliant on finite greece. sources the soil has become a cheap means of production for farmers and wine producers dead soil is a reality. and . when i started my winery 10 years ago it had been rented to a farmer who was not working naturally at all and i realized so they started to work on where almost. there was no energy there were very superficial and there was no life no biodiversity nothing was going on

there maybe 1010 percent of the songs are well looked after and then the majority of the soldiers we see anyway when we do the source studies our soul is down that we can well. and when you use pesticides then is more difficult for the plan to get a good healthy nutrition because there are microbial communities completely disorganized and then you get into a vicious cycle. is it our way of life that has silenced the land. by wanting the cheapest possible products fruit and vegetables all year round and we threaten england and thereby the prospects of future farming. have we been promoting large scale farming in land consumption instead of land management.

from their farming that we are having today especially in correspondance is moving to be clowns like properties that are monitored by be companies they just signed a brother for the north of europe this is making that we are changing the fertilization in this system of for the action and this is resulting in our funds that are not sustainable we are using a lot of chemicals not only give me comfort allies there's also pesticides on every side but the results right now is that we have more of those young less healthy. on these large scale orange plantations the topsoil isn't seen as a living ecosystem but as a cheap means of production this will come back to bite them. in 20 years time that

then soil cover could be gone. but soil is disappearing in countries further north to rich and black the bare soil is exposed to the elements wherever you look the expenditure exceeds the income. we're in the process of depleting our soil account of all capital. we're going to say well it's pretty clear with facing climate change we're likely to get more severe weather so it's even more important to the future that we keep our soils healthy and make the get info from even on good marks through to. make historian old a much of the soil we have on earth is vulnerable to erosion it holds water or wind erosion erosion has been identified as a very serious threat to our soils me because i'm told more what i wonder.

there are 40 absolute in all things the extent of erosion is increasing or is specially where all the nutrients are in the finest particles to party with their net instead. humus and nutrients disappear in the rain in the wind what has taken thousands of years to create is a rodent away in the blink of an eye what remains is soil that has lost its self-sufficiency its ability to produce its very life and that will hurt us. among all that and get out when you grow the frog it can never can tell. more nutrients than the soil contains. the plants can retain carbon via carbon dioxide through photosynthesis but they can't produce anything else it's up to the soil so if the soil is depleted of mutual and we get across

that's depleted of nutrients. from now. we're not getting the micronutrient content that requires us to stay well and the consequences are that you are seeing more and more chronic disease conditions being presented earlier and earlier and earlier over a generational change. of force feeding vast swathes of mainly with p.k. fertilizers in a manner that creates rapid growth but doesn't necessarily have the plant itself to be as i say my commute tree and so you have a massive piece of prokofiev over a carrot or potato that doesn't necessarily mean that the nutrient content is as dense as it would be in the past.

my guess is a hot one count the calcium levels and zinc levels haven't increased but the carbohydrate levels have there that's how our crop yields have increased. although the twice as many vegetables as we did in the 1970 s. we take in less and less minerals and trace elements down. selectively bred fast growing crops to shallow roots and poor nutritional value. if moreover the soil was lifeless and incapable of delivering minerals and trace elements does it mean that contemporary food production is failing to. area with its most important task delivering healthy and diverse full. getup but boredom only lost the diversity both in agriculture and in our food when

we switched to modern wheat for i.c.'s. and the mineral levels have also decreased in these we. hope so we get less micronutrients from the modern weeks than we did from the old varieties. and i was a passage i got most of them. fixed fairly in order in city we have put too much emphasis on high yield crops there were 50 years ago we had 10 tons of straw to 4 tons of grain today we have 10 tons of grain into 4 tons of straw but we need to eat twice as much flour to get the same amount of nutrients for someone magnetics and. more carbohydrates and fewer micronutrients the vitamins and minerals that govern all the functions of our cells and which in small quantities are essential to us. more sugar less

nourishment. is it possible we're eating more because our bodies suffer from deficiencies. always thing more as a result of this nutrient content the i think we are i think that occur in the body strive towards wanting something nourishing something that it requires. and that is not say to you so if you know the word you can be over faith. mao nourished and that's one of the biggest problems that we've got a moment in terms of great. health related problems within our society. then more than some hardens that's the bow of the. it is the biggest lifestyle related cause of chronic illnesses today. and we need to focus on micro malnutrition. he says since my current nutrients on part of so many functions in

the cells it's difficult to gauge what the deficiency results and what is it could be any illness. from him still. we compensate for cereals rice with lower nutritional value. when they refined and polished they lose even more of their minerals and micronutrients. so we add stuff like i say copper. in quantities that might not be justified physiologically. only in this time to devote most processed baby food storage and formula isn't reached with ion. of the ion we enrich the food with we have only about 2 percent. the rest goes into the large intestine. and the ion changes the intestinal flora.

today we link many illnesses in the west to an altered intestinal flora like allergies loosen intolerance and type one diabetes in children on. minor changes and deficiencies create imbalances the resultant so-called hidden hunger and chronic conditions. could be reduced nutritional value in our food be a fundamental cause. a recent frame from deficiency disease. how did it come to this. shouldn't our food contain everything. the tragedy is that actually bringing food manufacturing. fraternity could create more canoe trip in france for the populace is just a game it's a respect to cheap fares and it's not been a priority for them to create that type of food. mass farming doesn't help to call

the tree in any sense whatsoever we're not helping a lot of really really keeping fruit at a very very low price artificially you know farms. where has this cheap food let us you know united states spends more on health care than any other developed country in the world yet last time i checked were the 42nd healthiest countries. were 1st in $80.00 to $80.00 h.t. cancers parkinson's alzheimer's osteoporosis and the list goes on and on. cancer really only this mean for the cooling down one problem with today's food production. is that we equate agriculture with any other business conduct or

food products with any other products. and. munty and this has resulted in animals being treated as animal units of that talk but here and now we've lost touch with why we fall middle or. far for. everything has been streamlined to be about money only home. or actually so yeah it's killed by we've lost all sense of thoughtfulness care respect. human. respect and you can't. with this production intensive market driven by economic growth our society is rapidly becoming urbanized and that uses of land fertile living topsoil

is trapped beneath shopping centers concrete infrastructure and soil sealed surfaces this vital resource is tarred over. the climate could quickly change our way of life so we need the arable land to store the carbon that's creating the changes to the world's weather systems top soils have a function in climate regulation that we can utilize and maybe at the same time get ourselves more crops defense force got a strong dollar comment from some experts saying that if we increase the organic matter in all songs by 2 percent that we could get rid of all greenhouse gases from the atmosphere was. soft or that's how big the impact of what we grow is on the climate more or she could say that more fatah saw also results in

a better climate before. if we could fix the greatest challenge of our time global warming simply by growing more in our fields on the it will fail and. so with nature as our model we grow more and reduce climate change a shift towards protective crops low tillage cultivation more diversity and quality instead of quantity. annual monoculture and chemical dependency will hopefully soon be a thing of the past there are opportunities for regeneration and climate smart cultivation . sustainable agriculture is possible it's in this sesame. one solution can be found in perennial crops which reduce topsoil use

and are kinder to let basic perennial foodstuffs are part of our future. well this is intermediate wheat grass which produces the grain current and it is a relative of wheat it's kind of a cousin of wheat. and it looks like wheat but it has a very important difference we eat is an annual that you need to replant every year and has relatively shallow roots kerns has very deep roots and it's a perennial so really grows year after year after year protects the soil builds soil or gana matter takes up nutrients very efficiently and provides a lot of carbon or soil or quite solar gallic matter for organisms in the soil to eat. by moving the ecosystem the agro ecosystem into a perennial state we think we will not only conserve the sall resource but make

agriculture very very sustainable. one condition for sustainable food production is biological diversity right now and in the future could species rich ecosystems be the life insurance of humanity. if i lay it because he stands in the ecosystems even in healthy soil there are more species than is necessary at any given time. healthy enough that. the school year it provides a buffer in times of stress on the campus here on the hand for example climate change. them. being always come on father and biological diversity is of enormous importance. i would argue that it is an insurance for the

future and to see. the. hold with a large biodiversity we know that if something changes in the future and something well there are always some groups and organisms that are ready to take over unfortunate head to keep the system functioning so i just feel that for you know. something good in how to set up a sting with this stuff on the soils ecosystem could care less if avoided so which would mean that we could no longer grow crops and that sort of thinking you can go back to. not being able to grow things what a horrible thought. and every day we're cutting more of our lifelines. but

traditional locally sourced food is an option small scale production and high nutritional value instead of the cheapest possible support to farmers and growers that manage their land instead of wasteful large scale production our choices of the supermarket are crucial for the arable land and for our chances of growing anything at all in the future. the worst case scenario for soil would be that. producers and consumers don't realize that that's where the nutrients come from that sustain life all life all life began and then that the soil. this is about the immediate future possibly just one generation away. when we're

used up the very thin layer of topsoil that we have at our disposal. we have to do away with the notion that the soil the ecosystem and nature are there to be exploited rather than interacting if we're to have any kind of future at all. without life no soil. and with no soil. if people don't speak about nature of this because it over and it's not over and it's just going to be in your view many deep and senator running to strip eating you know we beyond we be young trees in nature so that's that's huge if we destroy nature we destroy bess i mean it's ridiculous to suggest humanity engine which you know or are together so are true you are killing humanity because he kills an extra . people must understand that.

pic of. the finale beginning with alice kill alice one last match to skull to. say goodbye. to celebrate. by munich as a champion again. douglas . drew up

a big idea of what's become of it and what it looks like tomorrow. douglas gets ready for an in-depth look at the european elections last spring the questions that matter. what are european voters hopes for the new parliament what challenges fly ahead. from way too long the politicians and the people in power have come their way with not doing anything to fight the climate crisis luck . television european elections the best of luck. expert discussions to the new prince of results they have to the citizens must 1st. love g.w. has it all played. in 26 g.w.

. play. play play. this is t w news coming to you live from the formula one racing legend. his family says he passed away peacefully in his sleep it was known for his remarkable comeback from a horrific crash in 1970 s. back of his career and there's a treatment fuel truck. coming up austria's political crisis. corps starts to feel the heat following a corruption scandal involving his coalition partners.