from the quality of the classes. this is where. welcome to the 77 percent. this week. welcome to global 3000. hunger and natural disasters they've always been the 3 main reasons for human migration but technological progress and new forms of transportation have made displacement a far bigger global issue. in the mid 19th century millions of irish and germans boarded steamships to the u.s.

to escape starvation in their home countries. in the 20th century the 2nd world war forced 16000000 people in europe alone from their homes. and since 2011 millions of people have fled the ongoing conflict in syria. sometimes like in africa today all the causes of flight come together at the same time take mali for example since 2012 violence has overshadowed the west african country islam ists regularly attack mali and government forces and un peacekeeping troops over the past few years 250000 mali and so fled to neighboring countries now some of them are returning home. in. the carman timbuktu is deceptive and. mainly down to the massive

presence of u.n. peacekeepers rebels and the hottest still operating in northern mali at the edge of the sahara desert terror and violence have left their mark on the city. there are too few hospitals a many children no longer attending school. mariam fatuma touré ambassadors for unicef the united nations children's fund. their 15 years old and they're still in school. until about 2 years old town they regularly visit families to persuade them to send their kids back to school. and. we go from door to door to make parents aware of how important education is and we've already persuaded a few to send their children to school. but there are parents who say that education is not important for children. and then some of them say it's more important to go to qur'anic school. not only parents objections

like these are keeping children out of school fear is also a factor more than $800.00 schools that shut down after the political crisis in 2012 remain closed more than 80 in and around timbuktu alone the city my school is open and hopelessly overcrowded. mariam meant mohammad ali is 12 years old one of around a 1000 students most of them are children from the neighborhood some have fled the violence but have since returned like mariam yet. jamie and david my family left timbuktu in 2012. we lived in a refugee camp and more autonomy and. life was very hard there we didn't have a proper house just a hut. it was very windy and very hot in the camp it was hard.

there up to $100.00 children in each class. mariam's teacher. says the returning refugees need extra special attention. to get us through and this is all we have to work with someone to love on the one level we have to support them psychologically because so many of them are traumatised on the other we have to give them extra tutoring so they can catch up with the other peoples. many of the refugee children have missed an awful lot of school. even if. there's not just a shortage of schools in timbuktu but also with teaching staff teachers have to contend with threats from the islamists who want to stop non-religious education. few children herrick getting the chance to finish their schooling. this year i'm really happy there's a proper school here with desks teachers and corks. i'm so glad i have the chance

to learn here. last. month. and 8000 kilometer long belt of trees stretching along the edge of the sahara from mali through an asiatic ethiopia. that's the goal of the great green wall project the idea is that the plants will prevent further dessert if occasion make soils more fertile and reduce conflict and it's urgently needed bamako in mali for instance has a booming population and deforestation in the region continues. charcoal is big business in bamako the capital of mali. most everybody needs charcoal to cook with and the population is growing. my mom is a charcoal match and. she's doing well but her very success is becoming

a source of concern. that there are fewer and fewer trees. that scary if you go out of town you'll see what i mean. an australian agronomist with the ngo world vision tony rinaldo has developed a method of countering the deforestation that affects large parts of africa his work won him the right livelihood award also known as the alternative nobel prize. and is cleared of the vegetation. gradually degrades and becomes less and less productive less and less can be grown on a profit can be made and people become more desperate so there is a very strong link between the hunt clicked and landed and also between migration and. my more natural rate tells rinaldo that she now has to get her charcoal from

160 kilometers away because sources closer to bamako have dried up it's a similar situation in and around many of africa's big cities the disappearance of forests and degradation of the land is a huge problem. how do we fortunately through famine manage that regeneration through the regeneration of trees and landscapes is a very low cost rapid and scalable method to reverse that degradation in the 1980 s. we're now discovered that in many places there are intact underground networks of roots struggling to grow and that pruning shoots can help trees and bushes flourish well vision is now promoting the f.m. n r technique in 24 countries around the world in young northern ghana some one time was among the 1st farmers to adopt it a decade ago. it is changed so much in my village.

you are used to have to drive our cattle long distances to graze. teves could steal them. but now they can graze nearby. but there's still a lot to do the villages are regularly go out and work on reviving areas of degraded land applying were now those technique and trying new shoots growing out of old stumps. farmer manage natural regeneration isn't complicated it involves targeted pruning and protecting of new growth still it's very effective the saplings will hopefully grow into tall trees. we cut some shoots but leave the bigger ones just one or 2. what we cut away we use as firewood. the key advantage over planting new trees is that the roots are already there and

reach deep into the soil so even if it rarely rains they can tap into the groundwater trees can also raise the water table release moisture into the air and fertilize the soil when their leaves fall and decompose as conditions improved samuel bunton was able to increase his herd. it has helped a lot life used to be much harder but now things are different we have a proper income we can look after our families pay for health insurance and school fees and everybody has enough to eat. in your married 82 hectares of land have so far been reforested but large stretches still look like a desert. degraded dryland regions may have countless intact tree root systems that could yet healed new trees if they're properly tended . rinaldo organizers conferences across africa on f.m.

and are also in countries that are in turmoil such as mali he was recently in bamako. grenada has devoted his life to restoring africa's forests. he says regenerating local vegetation improves the lives of millions and giving people hope can help transform the political landscape as well in many a country. transform the whole country. because it has that potential people to be able to be self-sufficient and they're not going to be so interested in joining a fight somewhere else families have aspirations and. cities such as burma co consumer vast amounts of natural resources even as they become ever more scarce the restoration of vegetation around cities and elsewhere can improve people's quality of life and perhaps reduce the potential for violence and

conflict. of the world 68800000 displaced persons by far the majority around 14000000 people are internally displaced in colombia years of paramilitary violence has led to 7700000 people there suffering that fate most have nothing to return to their homes and livelihoods several gone. and more recently they've been joined by one and a half 1000000 refugees from crisis stricken venezuela. is growing fast some 10000000 people live here but it's the poor districts on the outskirts that are increasing most rapidly. many people displaced from their homes elsewhere in colombia have settled in so watcha the neighborhood is known to be dangerous but it's close to the city center and rents are cheap carlos doesn't want

to be recognized a month ago he fled from gang warfare in the town of el. it was so we left so as not to get caught up in the fighting if we hadn't left it would have cost us our lives. the power vacuum left by the far is now being filled by other groups anyone who doesn't pay protection money gets murdered. carlos saw 28 people die before he decided to flee to the capital nor do. i feel good here but i've had a lot of support from the red cross and from the victim support. thank god i'm ok. helping me find a job in a company that's my plan to find work and spend the rest of my life in. the hope of a job and a home has also driven thousands of venezuelans to colombia venezuela closed the

official border crossings in february but families continue to come across elsewhere on foot. there was nothing back home nothing from my baby nothing for us that's no way to live no medicine no food nothing. but things won't be easy in colombia either to get a work permit you need proper id almost half the venezuelans who come here don't have that. many are exploited as day laborers some just hang around the streets and beg for money and food even people with a job have a hard time finding a decent place to stay. many of those who make it here sleep in so-called. shared rooms packed with beds they have no rights and could be evicted at any time luis is a hairdresser and has a job but he barely makes enough just to pay for his bed. prison

prison. there are 3 bunk beds paromita that 6 people so you have absolutely no privacy and you can't leave any valuables there either. colombia is trying to cope with its own displaced people and many more from venezuela the united nations refugee agency u.n.h.c.r. is worried that the country cannot handle the strain samples being mean but is practiced in various parts of colombia venezuelans just sleep on the streets which makes them vulnerable to attack i know. there are all kinds of people lots of women with children pregnant women older women and people who need special care and. that's why the u.n.h.c.r. and other agencies are trying to at least offer some initial help. but at the minute we want to give them a chance to build a life here in colombia because as long as they can't return to venezuela we cannot

put aside our happiness when this man is one of the successful ones he's opened a venezuelan restaurant in bogota back home he worked in tourism but then things became unbearable. first i was planning to go back when the regime fell. but now i have my business here and my family. i have to think about it i'll probably wait a while. the restaurateur is a role model for some other friends as well as in colombia not just for his success but also because he provides them a taste of home. an amazing 85 percent of all refugees worldwide taken in by developing countries regions where poverty and hunger are already key problems. industrialized nations make up just

one in 10 of all host countries and one of them japan is notoriously tough when it comes to asylum. of the detainees are treated worse than animals. better than in. tokyo capital of one of the most marginal societies in the world foreigners make up only 2 percent of japan's population it's also one of the country's most closed to outsiders more than $10000.00 people applied for asylum here in 2018 but only 42 were granted refugee status because it. was organization says it takes care of $6.00 to $700.00 asylum seekers every year helping them fill out applications and survive the long wait. i mean it is

a silent process is very strict and we see the applicants here and we think that more should be accepted. n.g.o.s provides applicants with food accommodation and clothing during their wait which averages almost one and a half years but this capacities are at the limit. and since last year the government has made the conditions stricter for work during the waiting period should also also very few people can get work and only if you get government support. the japanese government says many applicants come for economic reasons only but documents from the department of justice showed that in recent years only one 3rd of all applicants were clear economic migrants of all the industrialized countries japan has the most rigorous interpretation of the un refugee convention applicants must be able to prove they're threatened in writing

and in japanese during the waiting period many are at risk of becoming homeless or if the initial application is denied they may end up in detention pending deportation. one of the biggest detention centers is 2 hours outside of tokyo. oh i build him back that that's where i was held. to marry young applied for asylum in 2010 decades after being involved in anti-government protests in south korea he had reason to fear repercussions after overstaying his visa he spent more than 2 and a half years in the center now he's out on probation. not much gets out about the conditions and that. after 6 months most people's faces turn on expressionless.

the inmates have been on hunger strike several times in recent years they criticize the crowded accommodations insufficient many call care and the uncertainty about their status some are confined for more than 5 years although detention is only meant to be temporary. one former detainee is this refugee from sri lanka he doesn't want to give his name for fear of being recognised in his homeland and he got caught between the fronts of the civil war he fought for over 12 years to gain refugee status. 60 know so. so. so i don't have my children with me. i don't. know there is no future. this mountain of papers is only part of his long running

legal battle on a stopover to canada he was detained at the airport in japan for missing documents it was only in january this year that he was finally recognized as a refugee. he was helped by people like. originally from myanmar he's one of the few refugees who have become successful in japan 17 years ago he opened a burmese restaurant in tokyo. closing so positive to the music scene that the. deportation is very difficult. to see that is so they do everything they can to make life in japan hard. and the home people who sought refuge here will leave the country voluntarily with mani. ratnam one japanese don't want these problems around them. if they want to keep them far far

away. from us. at the height of the e.u.'s migration crisis in 2015 many refugees who arrived in germany from regions in turmoil like syria received a warm welcome to 8000000 germans volunteered to give language classes assistance and advice all of which helped many young arrivals settle in. a fellow syrian has opened a supermarket in hanover. that's worth a story for the photo journalist. of. the now level one circus that. he's documenting help. people who had to flee syria try to make a life for themselves in germany. this

is okra it's quite hard to find here this is from syria. uganda tastes really good with tomatoes and pepper. and many germans don't engage with the migrants or refugees in their midst and the jam would like to awaken an interest in syrian culture including the food. i try to show that it's not something bad. on the contrary could be good for you too. you'll find a tasty try it. i'm open minded i've eaten german schnitzel and stuffed cabbage i tried it all. when he was 18 and studying political science and journalism in levanon he was detained crossing into syria and taken to a secret service jail where he was tortured then he was given a choice join the army or have your family buy your freedom which they did after

that he knew he had to leave. the farm land. syria was the place where i lived and grew up but it felt alien and it wasn't the right place for me i just couldn't stay there is in fact and. in 2014 he reached germany overland through the balkans he experienced so much along the way but didn't yet have the means to record what he saw once here he learned german prepared for a classes and is now studying photojournalism in hannover. he's involved with a media collective there called cameo. once a week the team meets to discuss projects. they publish a physical and online magazine on their well. up gratian features a range of photo series and articles so this is not a hard laugh hopes he can soon show his latest works there. are.

lots of the stories on the website are about the concept of identity and the many ways of thinking about it also with respect to gender and migration texts are in german english and arabic. contributors from all backgrounds are welcome. that doesn't mean that for us up gratian means upgrading through migration what we believe is that one plus one equals 3. as when people with different points of view and backgrounds come together that's when new surprising and interesting things emerge. for a laugh cameo offers a forum for exploring the issues close to his heart free of the constraints of a more conventional publication. the latest issue of cameos magazine is devoted to

the femur of uncommon arriving. contributed a piece with photos of young refugees who talk about their lives and hopes. this one says i'm 7 years old so i come from syria i'd like to get to know some german children and to play with them. laugh says he feels good in germany but it's his profession that gives his life focus and meaning. and what this arriving is not necessarily about reaching a certain spot to live than it can also be about finding a place for yourself it's not always about having a new home or a new language it can be just a feeling finding your place in pursuing a sport for example or a real place the feeling of having arrived can be very gratifying and soothing for the soul. of hopes he will be allowed to stay in germany

where he sees a future for himself. that's all from us that global 3000 we're back next week and here's a quick reminder to send us your feedback right global street 1000 d.w. dot com and you can find us on for. yes but 2 women see you next time. a. female.

eco africa. these people used to make money by hunting elephants. now only earn their living collecting elephant dung. queen elizabeth national park in uganda hate their work plays an important role in protecting this endangered species body 30 minutes g.w. and the

a falling all women what do you think why do we often earn less than men and why are we less likely to be promoted and why are we more at risk of poverty and all day is it the same world wide or are there places where women are the high. closing the gender pay gap more money. made in germany. some time in the 26. my great granddaughter. what would the world be like in your lifetime around half a century. your world will be around 2 degrees warmer. inevitably sea levels will rise by at least one meter in the central. we're going to have some climate impacts return greater the more we see over the.

course of. the a. why are people more concerned. so little yellow. stars may 31st t.w. . rock n roll. come up. sinful condemned by the church. the evil feeling that you feel when you think. the pastor is a music. star the old no one is more popular than jesus up book religious morality preachers subversive. marketing potential by placing a warning label on music products. rock and religion

a clash that brings many parallels to life. are the 2 really so irreconcilable. come to. rock'n'roll storage june 17th. e.u. heads of government have met in brussels to negotiate their picks for europe's top jobs following parliamentary elections the heads of major events situations was now been replaced including european commission president young. russian foreign minister sergei lavrov met with afghan and taliban representatives in moscow to mark a 100 years of russia afghanistan diplomatic ties at the opening ceremony level of called for the complete withdrawal of international forces.