from a friendship but in the end u.s. secretary of state mike pompei a one german chancellor angela merkel could agree on very little except their shared values on trade security and iran are germany and the u.s. postwar allies and partners drifting ever further apart. if i think the united states is and continues to be the most important partner for germany outside of europe germany is a great important partner an ally of the united states and it's i think we agreed that we have to prevent iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. thank god it's no secret that we have differences with regard to the right approach to this and we will do our best to enforce the american sanctions regime that is what it can put in place. also coming up on the day smoking is

bad for you but what about vaporing on world no tobacco day we look at a popular alternative to regular cigarettes and find out just how good an alternative it really is we know from animal and soul experiments that the paper causes inflammation in cells. well does this suggests that in addition to inflammation it could result in long term damage such as cancer. which start with the u.s. secretary of state might pump ales tour of europe it got off to a rocky start friday he and german chancellor angela merkel failed to agree on much and berlin they did agree that they had shared values but when it came down to concrete a trade and security policy they diverged especially over relations with iran. it took mike pompei 0400 days to find time to visit berlin and then officials scheduled only 45 minutes for talks with chancellor angela merkel on trouble spots

afghanistan syria libya and iran. and the well it is in great turmoil above all the question of the round house will prevent iran from acquiring nuclear weapons visits were not told. nor did bump ayos discussions with germany's foreign minister bring the 2 countries closer together washington has been raising the pressure on iran well european countries struggle to save the nuclear deal iran signed 4 years ago. this is also no secret that we are pursuing different approaches towards that and. at the rate at why from our point of view in europe as a whole preservation of the nuclear deal increases international safety and that's important to us but time is running out iran is threatening to stop complying with parts of the nuclear deal if signatories don't find a way to soften us sanctions iran is primarily dependent on income from the sale of oil washington sanctions have effectively choked off that money supply we will do

our best to enforce the american sanctions regime that is been put in place all differences aside pompei i did reaffirm that germany nevertheless remains an important ally of the us do you ever use chief political correspondent melinda crane is following this story for a time melinda on the surface it looks like 2 allies meeting but if you look not very far below the surface you see a whole host of disagreement some turmoil tell us more about how you perceive this meeting. well in fact we heard a lot of professions of friendship and partnership statements about how very very important transatlantic ties are but as you said once you dig deeper the devil is in the details and particularly on the question of iran it is quite evident that they may agree on the broad goal of trying to keep iran from getting nuclear weapons and trying to limit iran's support for terrorism and also its ballistic

missiles program but they certainly do not agree on how to get there and in fact the disagreement at this point pits not only the u.s. against iran head to head but the u.s. against its closest allies in the world namely the europeans the u.s. left the iran nuclear agreement the agreement does remain on the books as far as the europeans are concerned it is still in force and they see it as the best way to reach that goal of containing the threat from iran so the europeans set up a payment mechanism in the winter in the hope that that would allow european countries to keep trading with iran without have to go through u.s. payment systems that is quite an extraordinary move in its own right if you think about it 3 allies of the u.s. attempting to essentially subvert the role of the dollar in international payments

so now the u.s. has been indicating that it might move to sanction this mechanism itself if it's used for anything except for trade and humanitarian goods apparently that was one of the topics discussed surely here no agreement was reached and indeed the 2 sides appear not to be making any progress at all in terms of how they work together to solve some very very important global problems i want to ask you about another point of contention melinda on using china as well way technology no germany hasn't banned it yet the u.s. has effectively done so and might come pale was warning of consequences then that is important because of how much germany really depends on u.s. intelligence right. that's absolutely true germany is very dependent on u.s. intelligence we can all remember back a few years when it was revealed that the us had been essentially using

its intelligence powers to sweep german telephone calls that it had to even listen to the mobile telephone of the chancellor and there was much shock in germany about that and at the same time a recognition that germany is deeply dependent on the u.s. both the iran issue and this issue of huawei indicate how important it is for the european countries to work together on the goal that they have set for themselves but so far have not made a lot of concrete progress in achieving namely of a stablish in a common intelligence and foreign policy and security position that will allow them to act as a united force and that is clearly crucial at a time when the transatlantic divisions are so deep and melinda it comes at a time where we saw the german chancellor angela merkel and delivering a commencement address at harvard yesterday talking about the importance of working together let's listen to what she said. just now than ever we must think an action

multilaterally instead of unilaterally. global rather than national. would looking rather than isolationist. it's all in short together rather than alone. but melinda at the same time as we just heard from you transatlantic ties are under a lot of stress right now is that message from the chancellor falling on deaf ears . well it depends on what years you think that message was addressed to the german press many of them are interpreted in this speech by the chancellor as a sort of frontal attack on donald trump i don't see it that way at all his name was never mentioned in the speech not even the term the president was ever ever crossed her lips it was actually in many ways a very personal speech and when she talked about her own past and how she came to some of her key values in foreign policy to me it was not by any means i attack on

the president nor was it addressed to him it was a vision of multilateralism afraid operation of the importance of trying to come to agreement with partners and even with rivals partly based on trying to see problems out of their eyes from their point of view and i think she was addressing the public that was sitting in front of her which is a different america donald trump is not the only his is not the only perspective in the united states there is another america that absolutely shares the vision the chancellor laid out and the warmth of the applause that she got when she talked about the importance of not trying to sell lies as truth or the importance of opening borders of tearing down walls was a testimony to the fact that there are many people in the u.s.

who want a different direction. chief political correspondent linda crane speaking to us thank you melinda. now to a story that's triggered a big debate about anti-semitism here in germany the government's anti-semitism commissioner made headlines recently when he warned jews the against wearing traditional head coverings kept us in public because of the increasing likelihood of being attacked he was accused of giving in to anti-semitism so he's now called on all germans to work in solidarity but the debate has highlighted the very real dangers facing jews living here to be met a jewish man in berlin who lives with that danger every day david pearl wears a skull cap and a prayer tussle as part of everyday life but when he goes outside he puts the tassel in a pocket and he hides the skull cap with a hat. david his wife and children have lived in berlin for 5 years after spending

some time in israel there are many things he can't take for granted anymore he's experienced too much hostility. sometimes is a traffic jam on the street where i live and one time 3 arabic looking men got out of a car and they started spitting at me and harassing me saying you dirty jew who stab you today. his experience is far from unusual police statistics show that the number of anti-semitic crimes in germany rose from 1504 in 27000 to 7999 a year later an increase of nearly 20 percent the overwhelming majority are attributed to far right perpetrators. for the rise in anti-semitic acts as a result of the coarsening of discourse the readiness to act out in a racist way and against minorities. to hits the spot of movements like biggie. and

a large part of the alternative bird germany i've. done that all adds up to a decisive change the. people who used to hold back now say it's time to strike that's the danger. and that's why we have to act decisively and make a clear statement that we want no hate crimes. germany guarantees freedom of religion but for some expressing that religion can be dangerous. you don't feel free you don't feel look then take fish because it belongs to you. you know why of life that it's not just a religious symbol it's also the symbol of a way of life. that's something david wants to be able to hand down to his own children. for my kids it's totally normal to wear it and to run around and that's it's very hard to explain to the 3 year old that he has to cover it up

because someone might run up and speak on him or harass him. that david would like to wear his skull cap all the time in public not just on the way into the synagogue he. spoke to germany's anti-semitism commission and explained earlier. you recently warned jews not to wear a keep in germany but anti-semitism is nothing unique to germany it exists in many countries in the us we've seen it were jewish life is much more prominent than in germany even in israel there's often tension sometimes violence between secular and religious jews why a specific warning for jews in germany. semitism in germany is always something very special because the holocaust was invented here and happened here and of course we have to take a very very close look at the situation and with the description of the reality i

wanted to trigger an honest. discussion and like in normal life i think when you want to make a good therapy you 1st have to analyze the situation this is what i did and i'm quite satisfied that the discussion is so broad now that we have to protect jewish life in germany together politics the state and society as well and it comes in the context of our crude stay which you are calling on all germans to wear a keep in solidarity with jews could stay which has origins in iran is to show support for the palestinian state it's inherently anti israel anti sinus would you also say it's anti-semitic absolutely i think it's absolutely unacceptable that night to 2000 in the year 2019 we hear anti-semitic anti jewish. slogans in particular in the city of lynn uncool 1st highly symbolic place and

i think we all should stand up against that we should unite as a german society saying that we do not accept any form of anti-semitism here and i think it is a very good way to express solidarity with the jewish community if we where we all we are keep our also because many people i think of the opinion in germany that occupies something not in here and that it is an exotic piece of clothes but it is not of the keep up belongs to germany it was always part of german culture of jewish culture and this is what you make clear when you were the keeper on saturday and of course not all jews were the keeper it's a very personal decision as to a family and history and tradition religion why. do you think it's appropriate that all germans should wear a keep on solidarity when many germans might not even know much about jewish life i know many jews themselves well this is of course only a symbol what i want to express is that we protect that we have to know or know

that we should protect jewish life it's part of our society that we would like to live in this is which except the right of ways to live and. it is really not not so nice that so many people don't know about jewish life in germany and this is also what i would like to change i'm commissioner also for a jewish life and i call on people to to get to know more about the jewish life of their cities of their regions there's a lot to discover and when you. and allies a little bit research a little bit of that you'll realize how strong the contribution of jews was and is to the strains of germany to german culture to german science to all aspects and this is what what i want people to realize and this debate you sugarless raised a red flag again on anti-semitism that might be prevalent in germany but you

conceded in an interview to the new york times that the methodology that the government uses the german government uses to assess anti-semitism in germany is itself law and what needs to change for better data to be gathered and how do we even determine how big the problem is when the data might not be accurate well we have to look at this statistics and the categories we use there but what we absolutely need to know no more about of what happens then to the to the cases that are reported we don't have enough data on prosecution of anti-semitic attacks of then which cases we actually come to court and how many perpetrators are actually then fine. and punished and i am very satisfied that i have triggered the discussion in that respect and that even after next week when we'll create a commission on anti-semitism between board and lenda in germany when the plans are

to meets with the 16th minister president on the 6th of the one we have a body where we can discuss all these issues and i think we will do it with determination as a state and at the same time of course we have to interest all of society also to join in the fight against anti-semitism felix klein thank you for talking with d w thank you. now smoking kills despite that blatant warning more than a 1000000000 people around the world regularly smoke tobacco that's about one in 7 people that tobacco use has been declining in many parts of the world the 2 exceptions are some african regions and some countries in the middle east where smoking is actually on the rise but today is world no tobacco day and so we're looking at why that matters the world health organization says tobacco kills more than $7000000.00 people each year it doesn't just affect smokers but also people exposed to 2nd hand smoke so what can be done while graphic warnings on tobacco

products have shown to significantly increase people's awareness of the dangers of smoking advertising bans and tobacco taxes are also among the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use while a cigarette have been touted as a way to cut back on tobacco intake they ping as it's known is increasingly popular with smokers including many in the u.s. but are each cigarettes actually healthier than the average tobacco product take a look. it's proven that isa carets contain far fewer talk sense than conventional tobacco cigarettes. but as they're relatively recent products their long term effects unknown. this is a moment as you could call it the biggest field study that's taking place in the health sector worldwide. up giving. vapors can choose from hundreds of refills solutions called liquids the additives that

give them their flavor however contain less than appetising substances diasur time for example has a battery taste that can cause a severe respiratory disorder commonly known as popcorn lung. the vapor produced by the heating device of any cigarette is laced with tiny particles which settle in the lungs they can cause coughing compromised lung function and inflammation. we know from animal and soul experiments that the vapor causes inflammation in cells that does suggests that in addition to inflammation it could result in long term damage such as cancer for heavy smokers though baking might still be the lesser evil artist made this which 3 years ago. now i need.

a couple of weeks or months i noticed that my smoker's cough was gone plus my nose isn't so stuffed up anymore i can smell and taste things a lot better so things have definitely changed for the baking is less harmful than smoking tobacco and is one way of cutting down on quitting but eesa carets do impact health. well let's get more on this story now we have dr rooney back are with us leading expert on the risks that a cigarette supposed to our hearts and our health and we also have dr alex carl who is that conducting research on the environmental effects of hazards of of a ping at thanks to have you both with us from the u.s. city of louisville tonight now a cigarette so i really want to start with you are supposed to be a far healthier alternative to tobacco is it safe to say that they really are well to do contain less of the boxes that's present in a lot of combustible cigarettes but we do not know who are sure or much healthier there are they may have less harm then direct messages people smoke but long term

studies are not available in fact some of the data suggest that some of the effects of the see the cigarettes are the same as if you see the cigarettes so though there might be less on hold except of the hollywood action is on here yeah like that's a question i want to put to you is there really enough empirical evidence at this point to say what the effects are on our health you know the modern model that we have right now if it was actually introduced and the early 2000 you know you know actually currently there is no definitive evidence in the cigarettes are safe for the long term studies have yet to provide any data yet and as far as the short term impacts of the cigarettes are concerned we have seen and others have seen as well that the cardiovascular effects are so much comparables it's about that includes increases in blood pressure dysfunction of the vasculature increases in

heart rate and increases in fight or flight stress responses as well as increase our to do stress all right so that is very important information to know if you're switching to cigarettes are really coming back to you now what about this question of secondhand smoke is something that we know that is very damaging when it comes to tobacco can be really harmful lead to disease is that the case with east smoking as well. yes so again these are already days but we do know that even by standards setting next to the somebody's smoking ysaye rex is exposed to as much nicotine as if somebody next to him was smoking so the mountain you can explode is sane with the cigarettes and not the cigarettes the amount of particles you find of a fine particles which i mean constituents off to back to school are also produce in the same numbers isa groups so. maybe other toxic chemicals would be less but in general boil the particles and the nicotine exposure will be similar so

yes we would we were saying that it is that there would be 2nd exposure that would not be desirable ok alex coming back to you now one of the big draws of the cigarettes is that they're supposed to be in a way a gateway to stop smoking in the end does that really happen. well it's there's no definitive evidence on that you there are however what has emerged lately indicates that amongst lurkers 80 percent of them continue to smoke and there's about a 20 percent rate at least in the most recent studies a 20 percent rate. and that's just as good as a nicotine patch but then you have the added adverse effects of the cigarettes to be concerned so i would just add that people who have you quit using the cigarettes the numbers that are the smaller being the 120 percent and those who do quit smoking cigarettes tend to continue using the cigarettes for an opt out all right

and one question to both of you now it is world no tobacco day what do you think in general when it comes to smoking habits are more people really switching to the cigarettes or are stopping to smoke in general. so we don't know what the experience of germany is but in the united states you see no this big upsurge of little use aggressors july in recent studies suggest that there would be as much as 30 percent of high school students i use enjoy it every day basis so of the every 5 instead of 6 that we see think that there is a very large increase in the amount of smoking a lot of rules of tobacco products if used within this country we have the american heart want to do go through what is the ending but i think they're especially in terms of kids they're more kids using nicotine now than they were how we intended 10 years ago yes and even from 2017 to 2018 there was a 78 percent jump in the number of high schoolers in the united states using east

cigarettes and this is changing rapidly because the products are changing their appeal is changing and so it's hard to predict what the future users of the cigarettes how many there will be all right very important message there on world no tobacco day doctor's irony but not r. and alex carl joining us from louisville thank you both very much. thank you. well that's it for the day the conversation continues online you'll find us on twitter either attitude at the news or at the monthly at and don't forget to use our hash tag today.

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