i like to use the term the color of it used to bring energy solutions and reforestation. they create interactive content teaching the next generation about environmental protection and we're determined to build something here for the next generation. 2 years the multimedia environment series on g.w. . welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. current levels of artificial intelligence is it really intelligent or just cleverly programmed. ai is starting to have an impact on health care with apps that can deliver diagnoses could they replace doctors one day. and the robots are coming artificial intelligence our topic on today's program thanks for joining us.

the 950 computer scientist alan turing developed a test later name for him it was meant to help judge whether behavior in machines could be considered intelligent in 1997 grandmaster garry kasparov faced off against i.b.m.'s deep blue and lost 2011 saw the launch of apple's siri the 1st virtual voice activated assistant. and in 2018 a painting produced by a machine was auctioned off for the 1st time milestones in artificial intelligence but what is it exactly. artificial intelligence the attempt to simulate human intelligence and machines. what's called fall or strong ai is an artificial intelligence construct able to interact autonomous lee and logically one having what we would call consciousness for now it's still science fiction weak ai also

known as narrow ai is based on algorithms it doesn't require consciousness but operates within a limited predefined range of functions it's already a part of daily life and industry many tasks that are physically demanding or monotonous are now performed by robots also in the field of health care where computers now process and analyze vast amounts of data speeding up diagnosis and treatment. and smart homes are set to improve our quality of life thanks to ai based solutions that increase comfort and energy efficiency. but that begs the question what is intelligence exactly in humans intelligence is associated with cognitive ability we are creative able to make plans and carry them out we have the ability to imagine and awareness we can make decisions and some current ai systems

appear to be able to do that now as well but some researchers say it's important to know how those systems are coming to their conclusions are they really making decisions based on human logic here's a story that illustrates how hard that can be to determine. in around the year in 1900 there was a horse named. he lived in berlin and was very clever. its owner bill him from the us than said hans could do arithmetic. once how much is one plus 3. for clever hans' that was easy. everyone asked how could it dumb morse be so smart. nowadays we asked. same thing about machines that learn artificial intelligence is something of a black box is it truly intelligent a team of computer scientists set out to find out and we did some you could say

archaeological research into how the various methods in artificial intelligence solve problems are there systematic differences the answer it turns out is yes but those differences were rather surprising in that. we peered for the 1st time into the black box and what we found was like whoa really. things that no one had seen before opinion with the. learn wojciech samik found a way to analyze the decisions made by ai assistants in one test they showed an award winning system thousands of pictures. get recognized the objects depicted but in the case of the horse images it wasn't the head or the tail but something not coursey at all that was the decisive factor. the theme ha system did identify this as a horse about it focused its attention on the copyright the source of

a picture. photo archive at the bottom left links that. using a heat map the researchers showed which part of the picture the ai system paid most attention to. that really surprised us so we took another look at the horse photos in this big dataset and found that many of them included just such a copyright notice that's what the system to associate with a class horse. classified out so. clever hans it turns out may have been quite clever but he couldn't actually do math. 9 times out of 10 he stamped his foot the right number of times. but the psychologist worked out that hans had learned to interpret human facial expressions and body language they indicated

tension and then suddenly relief once the right number of foot stops was reached. here's an ai system that aims to determine age and gender by looking at faces we tried it out. if you smile it thinks you're young. grimaced and the result is he made 40 kids and me. in general the system identifies elderly people as younger than they really are. the internet and we wanted to find out why this was mentioned most of the older people here were smiling. but if you look at pictures on the internet on you find that for the most part they look very serious. on the thing so there's

a bias in the data which influences the model leading it to infer that all people always look serious mentioned. in the lab it's fun to play with the system in the real world bias and errors in ai can prove fatal. as a human method nobody wants to have a disease diagnosed by a clever hans' if the question is do i have cancer or not it's a matter of life and death and need certainty the ai strategy has to be right. artificial intelligence is already used in many applications are the strategies deployed indeed the right ones. all the many systems we encounter in our daily lives are such that we don't 100 percent understand what they do. until now there was no way to tell if they were cheating or not.

now we've developed a tool which lets people check. they've already tested hundreds of systems and established that hardly any are truly reliable in their decision making this was among the smarter ones it's playing an old computer game the system for the system is trying to get the ball to go high to win as many points as possible while avoiding the risk of losing the ball it's a pretty smart strategy which the system by itself. for comes epstein this clown top. never hunts also developed a clever strategy that he learned all by himself. it just didn't involve do new songs. it's still far from perfect but ai is creeping into a huge range of areas in daily life whether in transport logistics or nursing care . on facebook. we asked you what tasks would you like to hand over to an ai.

lewis would like a robot to help take care of the housework cleaning or doing the wash filling or emptying the dishwasher that would be grand she says. she sang i wouldn't mind a chef robot that could help choose ingredients for meals. ben thinks we need robots in the justice system that are programmed to enforce the law that would help put an end to corruption among the powerful he says and maybe end corruption entirely. diego writes that ai could help improve management of patient appointments ensuring medicines are taken correctly and improving medical planning they could also help shorten waiting times in doctors' offices. ai is already playing a major role in medicine for instance when they feel sick some people now don't head straight for the doctor's office they just reach for their smartphone. or

feeling unwell and have a headache so you type you'll sometimes into an up. machine then talks to you rather like a real doctor after you've answered around 20 questions the machine will come up with a probable diagnosis. called ada have what it takes to revolutionize medicine . that's what it's inventors hope. will shorten the safety of all of us i believe that this will alter the doctor's role in certain ways for i've spoken to and worked with many doctors in the past 8 years and my experience is that the best doctors are the ones who realize that technology can help them to be even better. for 80 years doctors and developers created the app based on data from thousands of studies. this

is a result after analyzing the symptoms. on the left of the symptoms which were clicked either yes or no and i did on the right a possible explanations ada comes up with the green line show the affirmative answers and how strong the argument is for a certain diagnosis. the red line show the symptoms with negative answers and the illnesses this eliminates. the app is being used in countries around the world but diagnoses it provides are mostly correct the accuracy is roughly as high as from real doctors the app developers are using artificial intelligence to improve the success rate. their plan of learning factor means that theoretically the artificial intelligence can learn from the results that aid provides and the feedback that you just give on whether a diagnosis or an explanation provided by ada was correct but have for us it's important that this doesn't happen automatically but that there are doctors in

between who decide whether these changes make sense or not doesn't train up to that and noble then follows what i mean this way users can't just say stuff that's not correct. so how does it work in day to day life. in jaipur india is one of the 7000000 people who use the app. duty simple language should use simple language so that more and more people can understand it . metabolic diseases like obesity diabetes etc should also be included in it along with their dietary suggestions. in its analysis the app warns the patient that in case of a potentially serious disease they should see a doctor. could be suffering from a nasal cavity inflammation his doctor confirms that diagnosis most of the symptoms regarding this disease vice being covered by the software there is one very good

thing i feel that it is not their replacement or their doctor because the clinical examination for the patient is very important but definitely it is a useful too. the developers hope that eventually the smart system will be able to suggest diagnoses for elements still in that very early stages. i think ai will definitely contribute to longer and healthier lives and in some cases maybe stop diseases from happening in the 1st place that's also it has. to do that the system has to accompany the use of for many years collecting data the app developers emphasize that the data belongs to the user and is only evaluated anonymously but there are concerns the world of medicine means asking fundamental questions about exchanging personal privacy for higher life expectancy.

in the pub doors go. i'm sorry. i'm afraid i can't do that. in the science fiction classic 2001 a space odyssey the computer how begins to kill the crew of his spacecraft one by one predictions about where ai is going off and tread a thin line between hype and hysteria physicist stephen hawking once famously warns that artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race we asked 2 experts what they think about some of the most popular half truths spread about the field. excuse me he said but that talk to you didn't prime condition. does not appear in science fiction for me what we see in science fiction films that do things on the right and chat with you is really a very very long way off. it's

an interesting bit of history but in the 1950 s. the term artificial intelligence was adopted for marketing reasons basically to get financing for research into computer simulation of human behavior and human learning and. it was a smart choice of words because it's so evocative 5 days in the clip to view. if you're transport hello everyone in an english artificial intelligence. i think it's always been the case that technological advances change the nature of human work which means jobs we have nowadays might no longer exist in the future. my students on the whole at least in the past more jobs have been generated by new technologies than have been lost. in tawi good jobs and staying on farm often half the masses of miserable jobs are being created like paid to click and training

system. believed. by are loads of low paid jobs where people have to watch videos and classify images to teach a system what a cat is or something like that being. it's real people doing all these jobs and this is known as artificial artificial intelligence but. good by philadelphia there are stories of companies saying when it comes to choosing staff or promoting members of staff they want to see what kinds of people have already had successful careers in those companies. i think it might sound neutral and objective but if it turns out all those people are quite by chance point in mail by and have certain qualities such as pushy and ambitious and it was on the end then it's obvious that anybody who's a bit different doesn't stand a chance i'm less inclined to. pick on you that we can program any kind of

prejudice into a. ai system. the machine a kind of machine can generate works of art that are considered creative to the bone by a. very famous examples like when an algorithm is fed with the works of mozart and bach order and then produces a new piece of music one that had not existed until time the condiment as you might call that creativity but the project will always be similar to the ones i've been fed to order that we having into the realm of philosophy here what is creativity i would say i is not creative. world hunger climate change and other environmental problems aren't a result of our not having had a i till now but they're kind of constituent in again which isn't to say that ai is all rubbish there are some extremely useful applications. a minimum number of all

this to be a star it's really important for us to understand each individual step of the progress made. society needs to address these technologies. of the assumption that you learn a trade or study something and that's not no longer holds in a time of rapid technological progress. that we all want to keep on learning so that the systems remain comprehensible and controlled. at. the front end i will mention there fished out there are countries where people are under much more intensive surveillance than they are here. in part to do with the technology that enables it to be scaled up so massively democratic societies need to think hard about what kind of surveillance they want in the end it's the people who make the rules and it has to stay that way. algorithms now make decisions about hiring about prices on websites and about what kind of advertising you'll see when

you go online in an effort to regulate the field the e.u. has now released ethical guidelines that take human rights and needs into account when developing the ai of the future. development is right right why don't you believe it. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out you send it to us as a video text ovoid smile if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. someone to shoot from india wants to know what is data and doesn't. a material existence. when we talk about data we usually mean information but also what carries at even ancient cultures produced data egyptian temples are covered and hieroglyphics. the complex symbols describe important events and mythological tales carved into stone they

remain to this day. in the analog world we use letters and numbers to preserve knowledge and pass it on and that is the purpose of data. but it only works when others know how to read it. then they work like building blocks letters can be combined to make words which can be used to describe almost anything. with just a few letters numbers and symbols science can describe complex processes in nature . computers reduce data to just 2 elements every letter number or symbol from the analog world is stored in a computer as a sequence of ones and zeroes. in the analog world data is recorded in or on matter what we write with chalk or

ink a part of that substance remains behind on the data carrier sometimes data is recorded when material is removed like with these reliefs however without the stone columns it wouldn't exist. so how does it work with computers special components transform the input data into 2 different states on and off more than 0. but even this is dependent on a physical data carrier but unlike data on stone or paper digital data no longer have mass and can be transmitted through wires and cables at the speedo. light. satellites are able to transfer data without a cable they use another carrier to transport the information magnetic waves. but to retain data it has to be saved and this is done nowadays on physical data carriers servers

a huge data storage facility. got a question or want to let us know what you think here's how to get in touch. most people associate ai with robots the idea of future humanoid machines causes a wide range of reactions and they're surprisingly dependent on the culture you live in. so would you like to work together with robots or does the idea make you shutter. at being thinks we'll have to collaborate with robots in the future whether we want to or not he says it's inevitable. a i would remind us to rest so we wouldn't be continuously working and it would be nice if it could entertain us also he'd like one that could give recommendations for newly released books. to my hindoo says of course i work with robots because they

don't gossip. hi everyone i'm so theory from handsome about how do you feel about her channel and him. what about this one. the demand for robots of all kinds may well trickle over the next 10 years. if that really happens many a very likely to soon encounter one. should we be worried about the prospects. after very widely around the world. so you know more studies human robot interaction and cultural differences involved in the social acceptance of robots. he and his colleagues surveyed attitude in britain germany the netherlands mexico china japan and the united states.

it turns out that americans feel most positive about robots followed by the japanese dutch germans chinese and british. mexicans are least well disposed towards them. who can you look when you go. thinking robots are good or bad not only depends on your country but also on your age. in japan people of all ages like robots. bringing young people like them but old people don't. you know so little things so i suspect gender would also plays a role. so it was not. common. among those surveyed more women than men feel positive about robots.

the japanese are the most willing to accept robots that look like people. and are even willing to believe they have human attributes. look at those. in japan we have something called animism. and if something looks like a human we assume it has a soul. and you don't find animism only in japan but every culture has it in some form you know. the media and pop culture influence the way people think about an imaginary box in japanese animated films and comics robots like human like in the classic straight boy for example. all the popular among the animated film ghost in the shell. game landing suggested robots might in hollywood movies like i robot on the other hand the robots look somewhat less like people and tend to turn a measure human mostest. and that wraps up our show on artificial

intelligence but join us again next week when we'll be looking at the colors and how they came florence consumption we'll talk with psychologists and product designers about unconscious mechanisms that help dictate what we buy that and much more next time i tomorrow today see that.

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