1000000 objects you. object relates to the history of. those who know about secret things her behalf like this. cultural heritage foundation. which the documentary. 21st dog. into tomorrow today the science show on d w. today we get colorful how do calloused affect people do they influence our consumer behavior. and greenish great was that really what dinosaurs looked like you maybe in the present prize. also which is the french biotech company that's using bacteria to make environmentally friendly dies.

in the 17th century a physicist isaac newton was one of the 1st to experiment with color and light. he discovered that bike light is a mixture of rays of different colors inspire us move us by even manipulate us. busy what effect do colors have on us the internet certainly has no shortage of popular science tips on the subject read is said to have a stimulating influence blue instills a feeling of trust and green has a relaxing in fact. but can the impact of colors be scientifically proven. and what are colors exactly the human eye is able to distinguish between millions of colors although none of them are such tangible in objective terms the colors are just different wavelengths a tiny section of a. magnetic radiation ranging from x.

rays and ultraviolet light to radio waves wavelengths between 40780 nanometers are visible to the human eye in this range we can see radiation in the form of color. combined result in white lights so how do we perceive individual colors. when white light strikes an object a part of it is absorbed while the rest is reflected so not all wavelengths reach our eyes. our brain receives and interprets the reflected light leaving us to perceive a tomato for example as red. so colors are a question of the mind rather than matter is that also why they can emotionally influence us to get bella is a product designer she has over 20 years experience analyzing collars and their impact. through different colors everywhere that have particular meanings

including a little meaning so it's important to take a sensitive approach to the issue. and you also have to be careful when it comes to choosing color schemes what effect different colors of. men shower gels with the red design for example are intended to evoke the traditional symbolism of power and strength in the west and make users feel important this hairspray comes in a yellow canister due to associations with the famous german brand of glue the message being it's long lasting and green now adorns all manner of products thought of as natural cure and pristine so this color coded marketing actually work. i mean if you ask a girl which handshake or she would buy a dark blue one. or a pink one she'll always choose a pink one. it's a clear example of products. having an identical performance and the color

manipulativeness it leads to a feeling of belonging. but that effect varies according to our respective culture how colors influence us is partially determined by our upbringing the effect of red and green however appear to lie to some extent in evolution a concept that psychologists tycho hatched investigated in an experiment. by using the same wine we asked one group of people to sample it in a room with red lighting and another group with green lighting it made a huge difference. ficta got. the test group with the green lighting found the wine more acidic and not so appealing. while the group viewing the wine under red light found it mellow and better tasting and were even willing to spend a year or more on a bottle of wine. a red color in our food is associated with brightness

and enhances our impression of sweetness. the fact that red light can trigger a similar effect was however a new finding. can the same color also affect our mental focus. put back to the test to. test persons were randomly placed in rooms with different colors and asked to complete the same math and language exercises and brainteasers but the results were all similar in this case read made no discernible difference so what caused the effect with wine. type was a slug but it seems to be something that isn't part conveyed through our emotions relatively short term records was to evoke or suddenly everything is bathed in red which creates a particular mood that we in turn project onto the weinstein. as if you were tricked. but if i get students to complete a test sitting for

a whole hour in a red room their perception adopts relatively quickly. so that they no longer notice the color around them. of all the guns. so the impact of colors on us depends on the situation. colors have a short term effect on our emotions but after a while the brain adapts to its surroundings and blanks out the colors and it all happens without us noticing a thing of the. colors often have different meanings. in different societies in europe black is often associated with death and mourning. in china and india white symbolizes the pallor of the dead. we asked you whether any color has special meaning in your culture.

the rights that the car if you know people in one during believe that red drives away evil spirits. here says unless i'm on a blue or green stand for life and hope he says no one would go into a pharmacy with a black or red frontage. and according to power people in peru bring in the new year with yellow including yellow underwear that's a cute tradition thanks for your answers. to 80 percent of people who spend time in the intensive care unit after surgery experienced central nervous system complications that manifest as delirium. this can result in lasting damage to the brain. certain medications and high dosages can help but a hospital in bogota destroying an alternative. color

plays a big role in the health industry pills for instance come in a variety of colors white is mainly for pain killers. red or orange is used for stimulants. and we all know what that little blue pill is for. but what about the color you see 1st thing in the morning maybe red. blue. or green. could that influence your well being it's a question being researched at helios university hospital dr tile in germany. head of intensive care gabriella verb and color expert axel buthe a convince the color of hospital rooms could have an immense impact on patients' health. on one try it out in hospitals not make them excessively colorful but not carefully restructure them using our knowledge of how colors of factors like in this room why

. no more sterile white hospital corridors wards and workstations. and verb conducted a study to see what impact it had in the intensive care unit. over a period of 24 months they tried out different shades the walls were painted in pastel and earth tones and the lighting was changed they asked patients before and after the revamp how they felt about their treatments. nurse tilman kearney saw the impact on his seriously ill patients 1st hand. of the. other colors have had a real effect on our patients you could say that the patients suffer less from delirium in. their orientation remains better and in general they feel better. or.

delirium is a common problem in hospitals particularly amongst the most critically ill color helps relax the patients they were less likely to suffer from disorientation and anxiety dr vrba was skeptical at 1st but the evidence wasn't purely anecdotal she saw clear results in the medication used to treat delirium. which most astonishing for me was the use of medication which was extremely influenced in all 3 stations on average it was reduced by almost 30 percent. using color in hospitals is not completely new bill it's highly dense and close to berlin is now abandoned but ones that used to house tuberculosis patients it originally opened in 1000 know 2 and was renovated in the 1920 s.

using more color. to guide will and flus believe the change was meant to serve patients. don't want to i'm for been i would walk i mean they wanted to avoid the impression of a sterile hospital which was at that time still very common but they wanted to create an atmosphere of comfort and wellbeing for their patients and order to assist the healing process. begin. for color expert axel due to it's no surprise that different hues could have such a strong effect on our health. even blood sugar levels you may be familiar with when you see a delicious. even. when there's a pretty picture of a. something.

and gabriela verb go into new into work on the impact of color in the hospital's intensive care unit after looking at color and lights they want to consider other factors as well such as noise and smells. they see a lot of potential for improving patients' lives. who can't. read write are great but you. do have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show will send you a little surprise as a thank you card just ask. did you find as i do w dot com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d w dot science. this

week's question comes from morocco is black a color. well there are plenty of black things cars. the famous little black dress classic shoes even butterfly. the paint palette ranges from black to white pigment all of these are colors right. surprise physically speaking black isn't really a color and neither is white nor gray. an object is considered to have color if it reflects light of a certain wavelength. a yellow banana reflects the yellow part of the light spectrum it absorbs all the other colors so only yellow light reaches the receptor is in the eye. the effect of the color is the work of the brain. a black object absorbs all the

frequencies of the visible spectrum in the most extreme cases. reflecting nothing. like things reflect all the spectral colors that's clear to see using a prism if we frets the light from the white object into a spectral components of all the contents of the rainbow. so is it wrong to say that this happens as the color black you know not really wrong because we perceive black as a color like any other. so the agreement is to call black and a christmas a color just like winds and grey. by the way researchers all over the world are hunting for the darkest possibility ereal. so far the record is held by banter black this material made of carbon nanotubes reflects just 0.035 percent of visible light and optic coated with it looks completely flat. it's been called the closest

thing to a black hole that we'll ever see up close. in the animal world by contrast things are colorful no matter where you look on the ground . under water. bouncing up and. this is good on some of the best chimes of color. but what was the case with their ancestors the dinosaurs. measured 25 meters in length and what do you know 20 tons the plant eating dinosaur deployed across. the 150000000 year old skeleton of the sinking back museum in frankfurt comes back to life with the help of 3 d. goggles.

the dinosaur resembles today's lizards it's greenish gray coat has dark come of large stripes. on emotions of the to run a source rex typically have a similar coloration. so why these particular colors. as this gets it's represented this way because that's the way it's been done for decades and that's what viewers expect and we can't rule out that some dinosaurs may have been yellow with red dots and that may not be the most likely assumption but we can't scientifically disprove it. this is. so the primordial predator may have been dark green or brown. or maybe red. or multicolored. but whatever the color they probably served

a purpose animals pigmentation acts as a signal or as a camouflage a deterrent or for courtship displace and that was true in the age of dinosaurs too . but the university of bristol jacobi winter has succeeded in reconstructing color patterns of feathered dinosaurs. here the pali intelligence is examining electron microscope images of fossilized skin samples from a 130000000 year old to talk of source. even after such a long time some tiny structures of skin pigments have been preserved they're known as milan assumes. they or. a 1000th of a millimeter we can see that they are sort of quite short and sort of egg shaped or rounded in shape and that's very typical of mannerisms that give that to brown

color and when we look at living mammals or for example living poets we will see that when they have these reddish brown colors and a lot of some stay with this type of shape. today's birds are descendants of the dinosaurs they have variously shaped manana sums which correspond to dark reddish or bright colors are also found in a number of well preserved dinosaur fossils a sensational discovery. one that enables preciseness. back in frankfurt there's a bag museum boasts one of the world's most spectacular dinosaur fossils it's a secure source species that get my i studied with the vinta. misrata site that for me it was kind of like traveling through time back into the past we usually have single bones or skeletons of dinosaurs and here we practically have an entire cadaver with all the skin structures of the original animals here and that's

very unusual. this is probably the best preserved dinosaur fossil that we know in terms of the preservation of its skin and the 2nd is that it's not only a nearly complete skeleton but a nearly complete skin covering a kind of black shadow of the skin here fun here in the front as a kind of keratin covering over a bone spur that's very clear. in fact the most bizarre thing about this fossil is the long bristles on the top of the tail that haven't been seen in any other dinosaur and so we have a concern and. the incredibly lucky find has enabled the researchers to reconstruct the animal's color patterns. using the data gathered in frankfurt i'm bristol. winter and his colleagues created a life sized 3 d. model of this it took a source. then examined it and open on forests night environments.

based on the patterns of light and dark the researchers believe the little herbert for lived in the woods it's counter shading dark on the back and larger on the knee is a form of come with a large that protects animals from predators in forest tabi charts. it was a very small dinosaur compared to many of the other forms that were there and therefore it probably was quite low on the food chain. which meant that it did not want to be very conspicuous in its environment and that's why we have these types of patterns we were able to look at the. and we could show that they were sort of a typical sort of reddish brown color which fits very well with the type of forest litter the soil and leaves that we would have in a forest and then we can see you know that the color shading which would be really important for making it look almost flat for the fed it's just that would have been around back then. it may have enabled the diminutive dinosaur to walk

safely through the forest on 2 legs. dinosaur pigmentation tells us a lot about life on earth 100000000 years ago. although we still don't know exactly want to rex looked like one of its relatives found in china may even have hot fluffy feathers cute but no less dangerous. it's possible to find reasonably priced paints these days but that wasn't always so ultra marine blue made from the gemstone lapis lazuli was very expensive. in ancient rome purple had to be extracted from snails laboriously only emperor nero was allowed to wear the color. when it became possible to many fact to paint and dye synthetically they became available to everyone but that doesn't mean there sustainable a french stars have is now planning to change things. this may

look like modern art but it's actually a natural process at work believe it or not these blue color trails are made by bacteria. we've known for decades that microorganisms can produce pigments what we're doing today p. levy has expanding their production to an industrial scale with a view to replacing the production of petrochemical dye. eyes world wide long. gone . 70 blatche and beyond. say they're the 1st to study this extraordinary natural process they're the founders of the french starter based in toulouse they see these microorganisms this great allies that could be used to color all our clothes without any chemicals for years they worked to identify the microorganisms best able to produce color. these microorganisms contain 2 types of

enzymes firstly enzymes are comprised down sugar molecules from detroit for example and secondly enzymes that can reassemble those molecular fragments to make it colorful dye more cubes. in 2015 they finally developed a low carbon method to obtain pigment for dying textiles it's a method that's been used for centuries in the food industry you know we allow these microorganisms to ferment to bit mike fermenting beer. but instead of consuming sugar to make alcohol the microorganisms are consuming sugar to make dies . because of that. it takes a week and warm temperatures for the blue pigment to appear the substance is then tried to obtain a biodegradable powder. the power is suitable for dyeing different types of fabric depending on the formulas we apply we can produce colors ranging from burgundy to light blue. believe has set its focus on india and

china the biggest textile producers the company dreams of transforming the whole production chain making it more sustainable could believe help to lose return to its heyday when the city was the capital of blue. during the in a sense the french city blossomed thanks to the pastel blue business the soft blue dye was derived from one. plant but the flourishing industry slowly declined from the early 19th century. nowadays to loose has abandoned the industrial scale production of the natural pigment but there are still signs throughout the city that hark back to the glory days of the business. so far the startup has produced several kilos of dye powder with the help of the bacteria but they will need to improve the process if they're to compete with petro chemical dyes to

reduce costs they're planning to use agricultural waste as a substitute for sugar. but. that's the big advantage is that we can take all of the leftovers like stange leaves or other parts of the crop and use them as a source of carbon so we can kill 2 birds with one stone and. the $52021.00 jeff any palash in his team expect to be producing several tons of dipole to a year we might then be able to find cloves died without pigment but they would need more time more money and more production capacity to become a serious alternative to the petro chemicals industry. next week we're heading to indonesia to visit a school where ranch hands are prepared for life in the jungle and much more next time on tamara today see that.

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