really the sun and of the future. looks to us. to. make. sure. to. tune into tomorrow today the science show on d w. day we get colorful how do callous affect people do they influence our consumer behavior. and greenish great was that really worked on missiles look like you may be in for

a surprise. also we visit a french biotech company that's using bacteria to make environmentally friendly dives. in the 17th century the physicist isaac newton was one of the 1st to experiment with color and light. he discovered that white light is a mixture of rays of different color which is separated with a prism. that helps explain how raindrops refract sunlight to form a rainbow. color and life inspire move us even manipulators. busy busy what effect do colors have on us the internet certainly has no shortage of popular science tips on the subject read is said to have a stimulating influence blue instills a feeling of trust and greene has a relax. in fact. what can the impact of colors be scientifically proven. and

what are colors exactly the human eye is able to distinguish between millions of colors although none of them are such tangible in objective terms the colors are just different wavelength a tiny section of electromagnetic radiation ranging from x. rays and ultraviolet light to radio waves wavelengths between 40780 nanometers are visible to the human eye in this range we can see radiation in the form of color. blind result in white light so how do we perceive individual colors. when white light strikes an object a part of it is absorbed while the rest is reflected so not all wavelengths reach our eyes. our brain receives and interprets the reflected light leading us to perceive a tomato for example as red. so colors are

a question of the mind rather than matter is that also why they can emotionally influence us to get vela is a product designer she has over 20 years experience analyzing colors and their impact. 30 different colors everywhere that have particular meanings including a little meaning so it's important to take a sensitive approach to the issue. and you also have to be careful when it comes to choosing color schemes what effect different colors have. men's shower gels with a red design for example are intended to evoke the traditional symbolism of power and strength in the west and make users feel important this hairspray comes in a yellow canister due to associations with the famous german brand of glue the message being it's long lasting and green now adorns all manner of products thought of as natural cure and pristine. so this color coded marketing actually work.

with me if you ask a girl which handshake if she would buy a dark blue one. or a pink one she'll always choose a pink one. it's a clear example of products having an identical performance and the color manipulativeness it leads to a feeling of belonging. but that effect varies according to our respective culture how colors influence us is partially determined by our upbringing the effect of red and green however appear to lie to some extent in evolution a concept that psychologists tycho hashed investigated in an experiment. using the same wine we asked one group of people to sample it in a room with red lighting and another group with green lighting it made a huge difference. vowed to effect to god. the test group with the green lighting

found the wine more acidic and not so appealing. while the group doing the wine under red light found it mellow and better tasting and were even willing to spend a year or more on a bottle of wine. a red color in our food is associated with brightness and enhances our impression of sweetness. the fact that red lights can trigger a similar fact was however a new finding. can the same color also affect our mental focus. put that to the test to. test persons were randomly placed in rooms with different colors and asked to complete the same math and language exercises and brainteasers but the results were all similar in this case read made no discernible difference so what caused the effect with wine. type was assigned it seems to be something that isn't

part conveyed through our emotions relatively short term records was to do vocals suddenly everything is bathed in red which creates a particular mood so that we in turn project on to the weinstein. ones you protect from this. but if i get students to complete a test sitting for a whole hour in a reading room their perception adapts relatively quickly. so that they no longer notice the color around them. so the impact of colors on us depends on the situation. colors have a short term effect on our emotions but after a while the brain adapts to its surroundings and blanks out the colors and it all happens without us noticing if that. palin's often have different meanings in different societies in europe black is

often associated with death and mourning. in china and india white symbolizes the pallor of the day. we asked you whether any color has special meaning in your culture. the sikh american pows the rights that the car if you know people in one during a belief that red drives away evil spirits. says it was him on a blue or green stamp for life and hope he says no one would go into a pharmacy with a black or red frontage. and according to pound people in peru bring in the new year with you know including yellow underwear that's a cute tradition thanks for your answers. 80 percent of people who spend time in the intensive care unit after surgery experience central nervous system complications that manifest as delirium. this can

result in lasting damage to the brain. certain medications and high dosages can help but a hospital in bogota is trying an alternative. color plays a big role in the health industry pills for instance come in a variety of colors white is mainly for pain killers. red or orange is used for stimulants. and we all know what that little blue pill is for. but what about the color you see 1st thing in the morning maybe red. blue. or green. could that influence your well being it's a question of being researched at helios university hospital the tile in germany.

head of intensive care gabriela verb and color expert axel buthe a convince the color of hospital rooms could have an immense impact on patients' health. on one try it out in hospitals not make them excessively colorful but carefully restructure them using our knowledge of how colors of factors like in this room while. no more sterile white hospital corridors wards and workstations. conducted a study to see what impact it had in the intensive care unit. over a period of 24 months they tried out different shades the walls were painted in pastel and earth tones and the lighting was changed they asked patients before and after the revamp how they felt about their treatments. nurse tilman kearney saw the impact on his seriously ill patients 1st hand. so i think these are.

the colors of had a real effect on our patients you could say that the patients suffer less from delirium in. their orientation remains better and in general they feel better. go through. delirium is a common problem in hospitals particularly amongst the most critically ill color helps relax the patients they were less likely to suffer from disorientation and anxiety dr vrba was skeptical at 1st but the evidence wasn't purely anecdotal she saw clear results in the medication used to treat delirium. which most astonishing for me was the use of medication which was extremely influenced in all 3 stations on average it was reduced by almost 30 percent.

using color in hospitals is not completely new. and close to berlin is now abandoned but once it used to house tuberculosis patients it originally opened in 1000 no 2 it was renovated in the 1920 s. using more color. guide will influence at least the change was meant to serve patients. and for the i mean the walk i was they wanted to avoid the impression of a sterile hospital which was at that time still very calm and they wanted to create an atmosphere of comfort and wellbeing for their patients and order to assist the healing process. begin. for color expert axel due to it's no surprise that different hues could have such a strong effect on our health. we perceive colors and that

makes something happen in our bodies colors can directly influence our breathing even our blood sugar levels you may be familiar with that when you see a delicious color and feel like eating even though you're not hungry like when there's a pretty picture of a dessert on the menu. while standing up blood sugar goes down or we feel hungry and eat something we don't need it. and gabriella verb are continuing to work on the impact of color in the hospital's intensive care unit after looking at color and lights they want to consider other factors as well such as noise and smell. they see a lot of potential for improving patients' lives. if our blood is red white lab and even if they. do you have a science question that you've always wanted and said we're happy to help out send

it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show. also you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. do you find as i do w dot com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d w dot science. this week's question comes from morocco is black a color. well there are plenty of black things cause cats the famous little black dress classic shoes even by supply. the paint palette ranges from black to white pigment all of these are colors right. surprise physically speaking black isn't really a color and neither is white nor gray. an object is considered to have color if it reflects light of a certain wavelength. a yellow banana reflects the yellow part of the light

spectrum it absorbs all the other colors so only yellow light reaches the receptor is in the eye. the effect of the color is the work of the brain. a black object absorbs all the frequencies of the visible spectrum in the most extreme case reflecting nothing. why things reflect all the spectral colors that's clear to see using a prism if we frets the light from the white object into a spectral components all the colors of the rainbow. so is it wrong to say that this happens as the color black you know not really wrong because we perceive black as the color like any other. so the agreement is to call black and a crew magic color just like weiss and grey. by the way researchers all over the

world are hunting for the darkest possibility. so far the record is held by the band have like this material made of carbon nanotubes reflects just 0.035 percent of visible light and optic coated with it looks completely flunked. it's been called the closest thing to a black hole that we'll ever see up close. in the animal world by contrast things are colorful no matter where you look on the ground . underwater. up in the air. then it's good on some of the best chance of cancer. but what was the case with their ancestors the dinosaurs. it measured 25 meters in length and weighed in at 20 tons the plant eating dinosaur

diplodocus. the 150000000 year old skeleton of the sinking back museum in frankfurt comes back to life with the help of 3 d. goggles. the dinosaur resembles today's lizards it's greenish gray code has dark come of large stripes. animations of the to run a source rex typically have a similar coloration. so why these particular colors. this is it it's represented this way because that's the way it's been done for decades and that's what viewers expect and we can't rule out that some dinosaurs may have been yellow with red dots and that may not be the most likely assumption but we can't scientifically disprove it. this is

a menace. so the primordial predator may have been dark green or brown. or maybe red. or multicolored. but whatever the color they probably served the purpose animal of pigmentation acts as a signal or as a camouflage to terence or for courtship displays and that was true in the age of dinosaurs 2. at the university of bristol yakob winter succeeded in reconstructing color patterns and feathered dinosaurs. here the poly intelligence is examining electron microscope images of fossilized skin samples from a 130000000 year old to talk of source. even after such a long time some tiny structures of skin pigments have been preserved they're known

as milan assumes. they or. a 1000th of a millimeter we can see that they are sort of quite short and sort of egg shaped or rounded in shape and that's very typical of. that give that to brown color and when we look at living mammals or for example living poets we will see that when they had these reddish brown colors and a lot of sums they would have this type of shape. today's birds are descendants of the dinosaurs they have variously shaped manana sums which correspond to dark reddish or bright colors are also found in a number of well preserved dinosaur fossils a sensational discovery. one that enables precise color reconstructions for species of sinister up to rick's on kyon s. microraptor all sit across source which have been extinct for more than 100000000 years. back in frankfurt this then compared museum boasts one of the world's most

spectacular dinosaur fossils it's a secure source species that get my i studied with into. misrata so when i cite that for me it was kind of like traveling through time back into the past he'll usually have singled loans or skeletons of dinosaurs and here we practically have an entire cadaver with all the skin structures of the original animals here that's a very unusual. this is probably the best preserved dinosaur fossil that we know in terms of the preservation of its skin or you can this is it's not only a nearly complete skeleton but a nearly complete skin covering a kind of black shadow of the skin. if one here in the front is a kind of keratin covering over a bone spur that's very clear. and for the most bizarre thing about this fossil is the long bristles on the top of the tail that haven't been seen in any other

dinosaur so you have a concern and. the incredibly lucky find has enabled the researchers to reconstruct the animal's color patterns. using the data gathered in front. of winter and his colleagues created a life sized 3 d. model of this attack a source. then examined it and open on forests like environments. based on the patterns of light and dark the researchers believe the little herbert for lived in the woods it's counter shading dark on the back and lighter on the need is a form of come of the lodge that protects animals from predators in forest have a chance. it was a very small dinosaur compared to many of the other forms that were there and therefore it probably was quite low on the food chain which meant that it did not want to be very conspicuous in its environment and that's why we have these types

of patterns we were able to look at the. and we could show that they were sort of a typical sort of reddish brown color which fits very well with the type of forest litter the soil and leaves that we would have in a forest and then we can see you know the color shading which would be really important for making it look almost flat for the predators that would have been around back then. 100 may have enabled the diminutive dinosaur to walk safely through the forest on 2 legs. dinosaur pigmentation tells us a lot about life on earth 100000000 years ago. although we still don't know exactly what looked like one of its relatives found in china might even have had fluffy feathers cute but no less dangerous. it's possible to find reasonably priced paints these days but that wasn't always so

ultra marine blue made from the gemstone lapis lazuli was very expensive. in ancient rome purple had to be extracted from snails laboriously only emperor nero was allowed to wear the color. when it became possible to manufacture painful dye synthetically they became available to everyone but that doesn't mean they're sustainable a french stars have is now planning to change things. this may look like modern art but it's actually a natural process at work believe it or not these blue color trails are made by bacteria. and you know we've known for decades that mike. organisms can produce pigments because what we're doing today are purely as expanding their production to an industrial scale with a view to replacing the production of patrol chemical dyes worldwide on its own.

70 blatche and beyond. say they're the 1st to study this extraordinary natural process they're the founders of the french start up believe based in toulouse they see these microorganisms that's great allies that could be used to color all our clothes without any chemicals for years they work to identify the microorganisms best able to produce color. these microorganisms contain 2 types of enzymes firstly enzymes that comprise down sugar molecules from detroit for example and secondly enzymes that can reassemble those molecular fragments to make colorful dye more cubes. in 2015 they finally developed a low carbon method to obtain pigment for dying textiles it's a method that's been used for centuries in the food industry you know we allow these microorganisms to ferment to bit mike fermenting beer. but instead of consuming sugar to make alcohol the microorganisms are consuming sugar to make dyes

. because of that. it takes a week and warm temperatures for the blue pigment to appear the substance is then tried to obtain a biodegradable powder. suitable for dyeing different types of fabric depending on the formulas we apply we can produce colors ranging from burgundy to light blue. to leave has set its focus on india and china the biggest textile producers the company dreams of transforming the whole production chain making it more sustainable could believe help to lose return to its heyday when the city. it was the capital of blue. during the in a sense the french city blossomed thanks to the pastel blue business the soft blue dye was derived from a local plant but the flourishing industry slowly declined from the early 19th

century. nowadays to loose has abandoned the industrial scale production of the natural pigment but there are still signs throughout the city that hark back to the glory days of the business. so far the startup has produced several kilos of dye powder with the help of the bacteria but they will need to improve the process if they're to compete with petro chemical dyes to reduce costs they're planning to use cultural waste as a substitute for sugar. one of the big advantages that we can take all of the leftovers like stange leaves or other parts of the crop and use them as a source of carbon so we can kill 2 birds with one stone and. by 2021. and his team expect to be producing several tons of dipole to

a year we might then be able to find clothes died with that pigment but they would need more time more money and more production capacity to become a serious alternative to the petro chemicals industry. next week we're heading to indonesia to visit a school where ranch hands are prepared for life in the jungle paths and much more next time on tamara today see that. the be.

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familiar with this. with the smugglers would lie and say. what's your story ready. i mean when i was a women especially of victims of violence. take part and send us your story we are trying always to understand this new culture. another visitor not the guests you want to become citizens. in the migrants your platform for reliable information. never to tell us about. her. let's experience a modern museum centered with her the russian cultural heritage foundation berlin here researchers are looking for answers in the 5000000 the objects jump checks relates part of the history of mankind. caution cultural heritage foundation.

treasure trove starts june 21st on d w. coming up. as the state of virginia is live from berlin huge protests in hong kong hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets to demand the repeal of a. a law that could see people extradited to mainland china to face charges also coming up a landslide victory for kazakhstan the interim leader in the country's presidential election exit polls predict casiño mark to take over 70 percent but hundreds

protest at the ballot calling it a sham to legitimize a power grab.