each object a little bit of the history of. those who know about secret things are of a house like this. action cultural heritage foundation. documentary. critical 1st dog. into tomorrow today the science show on d.w. . the day we get colorful how do callous affect people do they influence our consumer behavior. and greenish great was that really what dinosaurs looked like you may be in for a surprise. also we visit a french biotech company that's using bacteria to make environmentally friendly

dives. in the 17th century the physicist isaac newton was one of the 1st to experiment with color and light. he discovered that vital lights is a mixture of rays of different color which he separated with a prism. that helped explain how raindrops refract sunlight to form a rainbow. color and lice inspired move us to play even manipulate us. busy busy what effect do colors have on us the internet certainly has no shortage of popular science tips on the subject read is said to have a stimulating influence blue instills a feeling of trust and green has a relaxing in fact. but can the impact of colors be scientifically proven. and what are colors exactly the human eye is able to distinct. between millions of

colors although none of them are such tangible in objective terms the colors are just different wavelength a tiny section of electromagnetic radiation ranging from x. rays and ultraviolet light to radio waves wavelengths between 40780 nanometers are visible to the human eye in this range we can see radiation in the form of color. blind result in white lights so how do we perceive individual colors. when white light strikes an object a part of it is absorbed while the rest is reflected so not all wavelengths reach our eyes. our brain receives and interprets the reflected light leading us to perceive a tomato for example as red. colors are a question of the mind rather than matter is that also why they can emotionally influence us to get vela is

a product designer she has over 20 years experience analyzing colors and their impact. through different colors everywhere that have particular meanings including a little meaning so it's important to take a sensitive approach to the issue. and you also have to be careful when it comes to choosing color schemes what effect different. men shower gels with the red design for example are intended to evoke the traditional symbolism of power and strength in the west and make users feel important this hairspray comes in a yellow canister due to associations with the famous german brand of glue the message being it's long lasting and green now adorns all manner of products as natural cure and pristine so this color coded marketing actually work. i mean if you ask a girl which hampshire. she would buy a dark blue one. or

a pink one she'll always choose the pink one. it's a clear example of products having an identical performance and the color manipulativeness it leads to a feeling of belonging. to go. but that effect varies according to our respective culture how colors influence us is partially determined by our upbringing the effects of red and green however appear to lie to some extent in evolution a concept that psychologist heikal hatched investigated in an experiment. by using the same why we asked one group of people to sample it in a room with red lighting and another group with green lighting it made a huge difference. provide to affected. the test group with the green lighting found the wine more acidic and not so appealing while the group doing the wine under red light found it mellow and better tasting and were even willing to spend

a year or more on a bottle of wine. a red color in our food is associated with brightness and enhances our impression of sweetness. the fact that red light can trigger a similar fact was however a new finding. can the same color also affect our mental focus. put that to the test to. test persons were randomly placed in rooms with different colors and asked to complete the same math and language exercises and brainteasers but the results were all similar in this case read made no discernible difference so what caused the effect with wine. type was assigned to us it seems to be something that isn't part conveyed through our emotions relatively short term of course was to evoke or suddenly everything is bathed in red which creates

a particular mood so that we in turn project on to the why and. protect the. silver but if i get students to complete a test sitting for a whole hour in a reading room their perception adopts relatively quickly. so that they no longer notice the color around them or to the guns. so the impact of colors on os depends on the situation. colors have a short term effect on our emotions but after a while the brain adapts to its surroundings and blanks out the colors and it all happens without us noticing a thing. colors often have different meanings. in different societies in europe black is often associated with death and mourning. in china and india white symbolizes the pallor of the day.

we asked you whether any color has special meaning in your culture. she can marry pose a rights that the car if you know people in one during believe that red drives away evil spirits. is the key here says in guatemala blue green stands for life and hope he says no one would go into a pharmacy with a black or red frontage. and according to power people in peru ring in the new year with yellow including yellow underwear that's a cute tradition thanks for your answers. to 80 percent of people who spend time in the intensive care unit after surgery experienced central nervous system complications that manifest as delirium. this can result in lasting damage to the brain. in medications and high dosages can help

but a hospital in bogota or destroying an alternative. color plays a big role in the health industry pills for instance come in a variety of colors white is mainly for pain killers. red or orange is used for stimulants. and we all know what that little blue pill is for. but what about the color you see 1st thing in the morning maybe red. blue. or green. could that influence your well being it's a question being researched at helios university hospital the tile in germany. head of intensive care gabriela verb and color expert axel buthe a convince the color of hospital rooms could have an immense impact on patient's health. and on

one try it out in hospitals not make them excessively colorful but carefully restructure them using our knowledge of how colors of factors like in this room why . no more sterile white hospital corridors wards and workstations. and verb conducted a study to see what impact it had in the intensive care unit. over a period of 24 months they tried out different shades the walls were painted in pastel and earth tones and the lighting was changed they asked patients before and after the revamp how they felt about their treatments. nurse tilman kearney saw the impact on his seriously ill patients 1st hand. so i think the. other colors have had a real effect on our patients you could say that the patients suffer less from delirium in. their orientation remains better

and in general they feel better and. delirium is a common problem in hospitals particularly amongst the most critically ill color helps relax the patients they were less likely to suffer from disorientation and anxiety dr vrba was skeptical at 1st but the evidence wasn't purely anecdotal she saw clear results and the medication used to treat delirium. which most astonishing for me was the use of medication which was extremely influenced in all 3 stations on average it was reduced by almost 30 percent. using color in hospitals is not completely new. and close to berlin is now

abandoned but once it used to house tuberculosis patients it originally opened in 1002 and was renovated in the 1920 s. using more color. guide all on food believes the change was meant to serve patients . i'm for the me i'm the walk i was they wanted to avoid the impression of a sterile hospital which was at that time still very calm and they wanted to create an atmosphere of comfort and wellbeing for their patients and order to assist the healing process. begin. for color expert axel puta it's no surprise that different hues could have such a strong effect on our health. we perceive colors and that makes something happen in our bodies colors can directly influence our breathing even our blood sugar levels you may be familiar with that when you see a delicious color and feel like eating even though you're not hungry like when

there's a pretty picture of a dessert on the menu. well spent our blood sugar goes down and we feel hungry and eat something a lot we don't need it. and gabriella verb are continuing to work on the impact of color in the hospital's intensive care unit after looking at color and light they want to consider other factors as well such as noise and smells. they see a lot of potential for improving patients' lives. if our blood is red white lab and even if they. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out and send it to us as a video text over as well if we aren't so it on the show. well save you a little surprise as a thank you card and just ask. to find as i do w dot

com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d.w. dot science for this week's question comes from morocco is black a color. well there are plenty of black things cars grows cabs the famous little black dress classic shoes even passive life. the paint palette ranges from black to white pigment all of these are colors briars. surprise physically speaking black isn't really a color and neither is white nor gray. an object is considered to have color if it reflects light of a certain wavelength. the yellow banana reflects the yellow part of the light spectrum it absorbs all the other colors so only yellow light reaches the receptor is in the eye. of the fact of the color is the work

of the brain. a black object absorbs all the frequencies of the visible spectrum in the most extreme case reflecting nothing. like things reflect all the spectral colors that's clear to see using a prism if we frets the light from the white object into it spectral components all the colors of the rainbow. so is it wrong to say that this happens as the color black no not really wrong because we perceive black as a color like any other. so the agreement is to call black and a christmas a color just like wine and grey. by the way researchers all over the world are hunting for the darkest possibilities. so far the record is held by fans have black

this material made of carbon nanotubes reflects just 0.035 percent of visible light and optic coated with it looks completely flat. it's been called the closest thing to a black hole that we'll ever see up close. in the animal world by contrast things are colorful no matter where you live on the ground . under water. up and. then put on some of the best chance of canada. but what was the case with their answers to the dinosaurs. that measured 25 meters in length and when you're not 20 tons the plant eating dinosaur diplodocus. the 150000000 year old

skeleton of the sinking back museum in frankfurt comes back to life with the help of greedy goggles. the dinosaur resembles today's lizards it's greenish gray code has dark come of large stripes. animations of the to run a source rex typically have a similar coloration. so why these particular colors. those get it's represented this way because that's the way it's been done for decades and that's what viewers expect and we can't rule out that some dinosaurs may have been yellow with red dots and that may not be the most likely assumption but we can't scientifically disprove it. this is a spanish. so the primordial predator may have been dark green or brown. or maybe red. or

multicolored. but whatever the color they probably served a purpose animals pigmentation acts as a signal or as a camouflage a deterrent or for courtship displays and that was true in the age of dinosaurs too . but the university of bristol jacobi winter has succeeded in reconstructing color patterns and feathered dinosaurs. here the poly intelligence is examining electron microscope images of fossilized skin samples from a 130000000 year old to talk of source. even after such a long time some tiny structures of skin pigments have been preserved they're known as milan assumes. they or. a 1000th of a millimeter we can see that they are sort of quite short and sort of egg shaped or

rounded in shape and that's very typical of. that give that to brown color and when we look at living mammals or for example that encodes we will see that when they have these reddish brown colors in the annals of it's they would have this type of shape. today's birds are descendants of the dinosaurs they have variously shaped manana sums which correspond to dark reddish or bright colors are also found in a number of well preserved dinosaur fossils a sensational discovery. one that enables precise color reconstructions for species of sinister up to rick's one kyon ish microraptor all sit across source which have been extinct for more than 100000000 years. back in frankfurt this then compared museum boasts one of the world's most spectacular dinosaur fossils it's a city to source species to get out my i studied with the vinta. misrata so

site that for me it was kind of like traveling through time back into the past he'll usually have single bones or skeletons of dinosaurs and here we practically have an entire cadaver with all the skin structures of the original animals here and that's very unusual. this is probably the best preserved dinosaur fossil that we know in terms of the preservation of its skin. as it's not only a nearly complete skeleton but a nearly complete skin covering a kind of black shadow of the skin. if one here in the front as a kind of keratin covering over a bone spur that's very clear. in fact the most bizarre thing about this fossil is the long bristles on the top of the tail that haven't been seen in any other dinosaur. and. be incredibly lucky find has enabled the researchers to reconstruct the animal's color patterns. using the data gathered in

frankfurt. yakob winter and his colleagues created a life sized 3 d. model of this attack a source. then examined it and open on forests like environments. based on the patterns of light and dark the researchers believe the little herbivore lived in the woods it's counter shading dark on the back and lighter on the knee is a form of come of the large that protects animals from predators in forest have a chance. it was a very small dinosaur compared to many of the other forms that were there and therefore it probably was quite low on the food chain which meant that it did not want to be very conspicuous in its environment and that's why we have these types of patterns we were able to look at the. and we could show that they were sort of a typical sort of reddish brown color which fits very well with the type of forest

litter the soil and leaves that we would have in a forest and then we can see you know the color which would be really important for making it look almost flat for the predators that would have been around back then . and it may have enabled the diminutive dinosaur to walk safely through the forest on 2 legs. dinosaur pigmentation tells us a lot about life on earth 100000000 years ago. although we still don't know exactly what to rex looked like one of its relatives found in china might even have had fluffy feathers cute but no less dangerous. it's possible to find reasonably priced paints these days but that wasn't always so ultra marine blue made from the gemstone lapis lazuli was very expensive. in

ancient rome purple had to be extracted from snails laboriously only emperor nero was allowed to wear the color. when it became possible to manufacture paints and dye synthetically they became available to everyone but that doesn't mean they're sustainable a french stars have is now planning to change things. this may look like modern art but it's virtually a natural process at work believe it or not these blue color trails are made by bacteria. we've known for decades that mike. organisms can produce pigments because what we're doing today p. leaders expanding their production to an industrial scale with a view to replacing the production of patrol chemical dyes worldwide long gone. 70 blatche and beyond. say they're the 1st to study this extraordinary natural process they're the founders of the french startup believe based in toulouse they

see these microorganisms this great allies that could be used to color all our clothes without any chemicals for years they worked to identify the microorganisms best able to produce color. these microorganisms contain 2 talks of enzymes firstly enzymes are comprised down sugar molecules from detroit for example and secondly enzymes that can reassemble those molecular fragments to make colorful dye more cubes. in 2015 they finally developed a low carbon method to obtain pigment for dying textiles it's a method that's thing used for centuries in the food industry you know we allow these microorganisms to ferment to bit mike fermenting beer. but instead of consuming sugar to make alcohol the microorganisms are consuming sugar to make dies . because of that. it takes a week and warm temperatures for the blue pigment to appear the substance is then

tried to obtain a biodegradable polder. suitable for dying different types of fabric depending on the formulas we apply we can produce colors ranging from burgundy to light blue. to leave a set its focus on india and china the biggest textile producers the company dreams of transforming the whole production chain making it more sustainable could believe help to lose return to its heyday when the city. it was the capital of blue. during the in a sense the french city blossomed thanks to the pastel blue business the soft blue dye was derived from a local plant but the flourishing industry slowly declined from the early 19th century. nowadays to loose has abandoned the industrial scale production of the natural pigment but there are still signs throughout the city that hark back to the

glory days of the business. so far the startup has produced several kilos of dye powder with the help of the bacteria but they will need to improve the process if they're to compete with petro chemical dyes to reduce costs they're planning to use agricultural waste as a substitute for sugar. one of. the big advantages that we can take all of the leftovers like stange leaves or other parts of the crop and use them as a source of carbon so we can kill 2 birds with one stone. 520-2170 palash and his team expect to be producing several tons of dipole to a year we might then be able to find clothes died without pigment but they would need more time more money and more production capacity to become

a serious alternative to the petro chemicals industry. next week we're heading to indonesia to visit a school where rats hands are prepared for life in the jungle that and much more next time on tamara today see that. going.

to. cause. the in good shape happy people longer have a healthy heart and i'm betting you insisted that's how we define temps can we teach ourselves to be happy. and what makes us happy anyway. an expert gives us some pointers. to. keep the 1st.

birth. home to millions of species a home worth saving. yes much of those are big changes and most start with small steps global ideas tell stories of creative people looking to innovative projects around the world like to use the term the climate used to green energy solutions and reforestation. they create interactive content. teaching the next generation about environmental protection and we're determined to build something here for the next generation the lawyers for the multimedia environment series on w. 100 soft lives in my clubs. where i come from rajoy remains an important moonsault transmitting mules and information and when i was young my

country was drawing. the more people most people would cause them. to see. if one's mind took a tour in one off the lot of just say it's sold out to everyone in the column for missing toes up to me. nothing has been from inside my own copy have enjoyed nothing more design. even. i was a twit and. my choice is you scott because given the way told transmitted to the troops. when in the crash my much and i. did up.

this is g.w. news live for let tensions soar between the u.s. and iran as washington releases a video that it says proves tehran was behind. tacked on to oil tankers in the gulf of oman iran rejects the accusation calling it baseless and alarming. also coming up women in switzerland go on strike gender equality maybe in trying to a lot of these women say the reality of their lives is different now they're demanding more time more respect and more money. plus australia.