fake hair and real stories. where i come from a lot of women like me you have fake hair sometimes a hairstyle takes up to 2 days that's a lot of time that needs to be filled so people there's a long talk about what's happening in their lives i became a journalist to be a storyteller and i always want to find those real authentic stories from everyday people who have something to share. with others i'm a fan of the salon i know good quality hair when i see ads and a good story when i hear it my name is elizabeth shaw and i work at steve allen.

at one point it was going to be that cape town would be the 1st city in the world's run out of water. we had a one in 400 year drop off to a very rare occurrence so this drought came in an unexpected way and we were not prepared for it certainly not its extremity. every time that we think i prefer to be with it with it when i can usually rise the flooded city is a problem and national please help national kind with some excuse the. water's been a weapon and without any question it got between the really african national congress and the democratic launch. we had to take emergency action and that action included 2 things just for when tayshaun the most especially did morning managers reducing to my. i.

mean there's no order the children going to thing but money you must make a way you must always make believe you can tell when the government could or would or to some people don't want to do much to see why you can find the birth. that you want to. capetown mitchells plain as one of the many impoverished townships around the south african city it's plagued by high unemployment and crime but in the past few years

the most urgent issue has been the water shortage. say one of the many. every saturday must judical and her youngest daughter go from door to door selling their baked goods to hear the concerns of their neighbors and customers this is one of the better off areas. and. you know that. it is a small houses have running water and recently installed water meters either that or. again you see this is the new a new order device now the older ones worth it plays with this new wealth they don't kick it there's no unique inches on your property before they put it in beijing. if you. don't do what they want to do that's about cities

was. orderly devices doesn't work. it doesn't work because now there we. installed. it always problems with the water always problem and i don't think. the persistent drought over the past several years created panic. the residents of mitchell's plane feared the city authorities would turn off their taps 1st i'm. with you but. ours is the same amount of work that they give out people company to the other one it is they've got pools they've got servants they've got a huge homes that needs to be marked windows me to be clean they go jog and then they need to come shower company through that i don't believe but i think that we

are getting at the end of the state of. according to the united nations around 4000000000 people worldwide experience severe water scarcity . cape town look to be the 1st major city to run out of water due to climate change water levels in the reservoirs that supply 99 percent of the areas water sank after the drought began to doesn't 15. first of all there is no doubt that we are in a climate disrupting period and these last 3 and a half years of below average well below average rainfall suggests that there's something much more dramatic happening to our weather systems then anywhere near the north and we've got to look to climate change as one of those factors that is driving that with the variability. facing a looming humanitarian disaster city officials scramble to limit the damage.

in the game skinny we know it didn't rain and then dam levels just started dropping dropping. and you almost feel hopeless now you city peaked at many times i cannot allow a well run into that after what. the 4000000 residents were acutely threatened to refeed years of impending epidemics of riots. and the economic breakdown of the region as water levels continue to sink local authorities felt they had to act. when we asked the national government to the clinic tended to sauce the area and when they were really slow when doing it i used my local policy as the mayor to declare. that. for years hydrology experts have warned of the cape town urgently needed to find backup water reserves but now it was too late the city's

crisis management team decided it would have to turn off the taps. and so in a period of about a year being in the sport i don't think that we have. as many. restriction . often. actions because in my period of of being within. we've had to just tighten the restrictions in response to any dropping of damnable rules. residents were restricted to 50 liters of water per day in europe by comparison people use an average of 30 leaders a day just to flush the toilet in cape town people without access to enough water line up at public tap stations. for some enterprising locals the crisis was a business opportunity the so-called printers offer water delivery to households.

this was a dry run for daisy the ominous day when the city would turn off the municipal taps residents without personal access to water through wells or bore holes would get their daily allotments like this. never did i think that one day of my a good day that i have to carry what. the. critics say that if officials had taken the threat of climate change seriously and found new water sources early on cape town swimming pools would not be empty but imposing strict limits was not enough the city took more drastic measures and published household usage online on a city water map. the lighter green dots indicate higher usage the city also set up a call center where citizens can report restriction offenses.

we've done naming and shaming types of. things with a listen. i mean that at that point in time. is probably the most impactful way. bring attention to the need that everyone needs to reduce their consumption then we have insights to how much using. the fear of public scrutiny had an effect water usage in cape town dropped from $1200000000.00 to just 500000000 liters per day. homes in durban ville an affluent and mainly white suburb of cape town are also listed people here don't want to be exposed as water wasters at least not a. very big. star that's a $36.00 inch out plan. to keep their municipal water usage down the

tropic family collects the runoff from the shower. so we don't brace for and. put it so we don't use new drinking water it's true. but the wealthy can afford to buy bottled drinking water which helps them stay under the published 50 leader limit. so basically this is the bottom of chairs become the storage space for all words and. we have about 200 bottles of was images were used for cooking and drinking while there were. that's missing from 2 to get a little of that from from the gallons to yeah but it is it's not that it's quite a bit already.

but if you don't have to acknowledge was in the family. just to become more aware of exactly how much water we are actually using. cooking now we use the point of what engine can we use bottled water. you know when we pull the water bottles for the kids to take to school. full to. cape town is a relatively wealthy city a popular tourist destination which produces nearly 10 percent of south africa's g.d.p. concerns are growing that if the city can't guarantee its water supply the tourists will stay away and investors will leave putting a damper on the flourishing economy. and that would kill the jobs that are desperately needed especially in the townships. here around 70 percent of people are unemployed with no social welfare support.

must doris's friend the single mother getting by with children is hard enough and recently her problems have been compounded by excessive water bills. i walked up all that is to be $0.75 so i don't understand why is it that people have seen these polls and the poll that they are giving us it's way too high for our people to pay and it's not only bible there's a lot of other people who has. to pull this paradoxically the higher bills are due in part to keep efforts to save water reduced usage meant reduced revenues a shortfall of the equivalent of hundreds of millions of euros so the city imposed higher punitive tariffs like you only control you have usually private people very for you know squeezing profit people to usually a solution but because you're doing that now you revenue stream to the city

suddenly suddenly is drastically reduced and therefore you have to say well we force you decide when it's good to save but our revenues are not destroyed so we have to live in a special drought check so we are punishing you for saving. in the townships the higher water bills are often due to leaks in the aging pipes systems. this is a water management device that's been leaking this people's water has been. for months now and the set down given the time out to fix it so this is all water that's been that i'm in no way as you can see that's from that i mean away. so does what the management device of the waste more water than what it saves. and if there's so what major crisis then why don't the city have kept on time out to fix this. because residents like my feet i can't pay their bills the city reprogrammed the water meters to cap supply at 350 liters per day

but this does not take into account the fact that sometimes there are more than 10 people living in a single household. the other day my son also for me twice in the world in fact. couldn't explain to me why because my water was fulfilled and i had to ask my neighbor to. get me some water sort of like him. and the city devised a further step to throttle water use asking people to pay for water in advance. the. people is going to die people are going to fight a war and i'm the one that will be coming to me and. i don't want that because i will in no way in what is your right. how can people in communities fight

a war when it's your constitutional and oh. my but they save the certainly from a running out of war definitely. the people. by changing their relationship with. using them. that is how we survive. but people in cape town say they're tired of struggling and paying for the politicians mistakes. we have but it's all of us. i no longer use my dishwasher. and i wear my clothes. so i don't change my clothes as often i must be honest or not i'm i'm tired of the city in cape town pushing the mantra of

a 50 to life and this being the new normal i don't want to live the way i am now carrying. the owner of the so long likelihood and that of his 50 employees under threat. of businesses everything to me i don't have a fallback didn't have. a plan b. running out of water would spiritually mean that we would have to shut shop so it's not a question to get this right we're wonderful city we're down to. 60 leaders profession and we can be proud of it without realizing what that's done to business i can tell you companies rock no busy relocating a guy saying listen if this is the future of the city we came out on the street.

it's been 25 years since the election of nelson mandela and his african national congress the a.n.c. party and apartheid a new era began in south africa with a new constitution that guarantees citizens the right to sufficient water and places the responsibility for realizing that right in the hands of the state some people believe that it's contributed to cape town's water crisis how mistakes may have played a role but i think the real problem was the national treasury into the department of water if it is you're not getting any more money. and they didn't have the money because he's at home a lot of us have been squandered. the entire world to support a black economic empowerment in south africa and yes it is necessary to find a risk that you shouldn't for the sins of the past but poor people also have to recognize is that like a demonic empowerment has just become a fig leaf to cover corruption it sounds moral it sounds good people don't want to

be against it but it really is just a number 11 high and with a lot of corruption is the. cape town and the western cape province are controlled by the democratic alliance or da party while the national government is in the hands of the a.n.c. . for years the da and the women who occupied top posts in cape town were an irritant to president jacob zuma who stepped down in the face of corruption allegations in 2900. the information i have is that in 20. 2013 it was a meeting held and that meeting was held in the bottom and i have a source in the meat of their government in charge of this meeting and in that meeting the discussion watch. how do we deal with helen zille or how do we deal with with with additional because patricia the low was blowing the whistle on the arms deal and helen zille or had just been been appointed the premier and she was

making a huge noise about the sit back but ides so i depute of time in the bottom one rules at a decision was made to simply witness water and they decided at that point in time that they going to turn water into a tour in into the weapon to teach them to teach they did the d.n.a. listen to particularly those 22 women. and one of the political games at the cost of ordinary citizens after zumiez resignation the cabinet was reshuffled. the new minister of water and sanitation facing the media. what do you tell people who blame the national government for the crisis in cape town. no douglas formalistic you know it that is a formalistic approach to ducks and speaks to what i'm just it is situational you know when you emphasize a known good one is a bit over this that one is nice and bedroom is local that's where your problem was is no no no that's exactly what we must we must clear this side of the mentality in

terms of the city we would one government. with true serious as one government response. whether the new national government will solve cape town's problems has yet to be seen the city has had to take on the task of finding new sources of water something which ought to be financed by the national government. so the 310 pretty sent a nation plan some basically complete we've got to be providing water into the system or working on a way to reuse the city and that will. see a yield being put into the system towards the end all of this financial the new financial year and the drilling into aquifers are continuing and already generating some water. these new investments and water management have to be paid for

under zuma corrupt officials plundered state coffers now keep tony and have to foot the bill but they feel they aren't being given a say in policy making. when the edge of a government at the at the local level and the bunch of it will be clear this is a crisis strongly push for. this to become a disaster. under the conditions of a disaster the normal procedures of checks and balances are in moved citizens but as a patient in these decision making is removed so that now where you would have on an application for desalination plant for example would go through 7 checks and balances bay so there's a lot of the decision making both ways and comment. and i haven't they say this

because there's a drought because they indicated disaster those rights of taking away. the 3 small desalination plants were set up hastily for a lot of money critics say the use of huge amounts of energy but only provide 2 percent of daily water demand. climate changes altering global rainfall patterns higher latitudes in the tropics are expected to get wet or moderate latitudes and already arid regions will get drier cape town's municipal officials have recognised that surface water will no longer be sufficient for the growing city. now they're asking scientists whose warnings went unheeded for years to come up with quick solutions. a minute very short notice we got a message that the mayor is coming to visit a drilling side so she would really like to see drilling in frequently she would

like to see water coming out of the ground at that stage we had no one political religious in place but we had heard that when a buyer wants to take a picture of something like it happen so we have to ask a drilling company to take a little bit of risk if i could put in regard to the kind of plans they work through that phone call for all and by the way arrived we took a picture and there was water coming out of. the messy phone as the table mountain group has a number of manmade reservoirs but these dams are just a drop in the bucket. hundreds of meters down below the masses of gray sandstone are billions of cubic meters of crystal clear water and natural groundwater aquifers these fossil water sources are being explored as a possible solution to keep towns drinking water problems. to

borehole here is already 850 meters deep and there's still no trace of groundwater . but ya know that's a lot of years can we have you know. like i said earlier if you don't get water in the ball you're heads of the talking logs so we'll see how it goes this is like a seed exploration so you learn when you drove an exploration the only thing you need you only find out what's on the ground when you drill so. the problem is that the deep groundwater is not replenished rapidly too much is taken out the depleted water table will sink with potentially serious consequences for plant and animal life. any activity like this is me in fact i think we have to be honest about that whether to grab water. or a real use if you are developing a water resource there's going to be an impact but quite clearly we don't have

a choice in terms of building resilience for the future of act on the ground it's an important thought that i have about the green is a true drought but in terms of its size. cape town is not alone with these problems half of the earth's population is already grappling with water shortages cities from sao paulo to los angeles make headlines when they nearly run out of water and the scarcity can't necessarily be attributed to climate change wasteful water use is another factor. while. scientists hunt for solutions affluent keep tony and her providing for themselves to keep water in their swimming pool but avoid being identified as wasters online and the tribe it's paid for the installation of their own borehole.

this is basically all for hall. goes on to 127 meters and so far we're getting good water formats we've had water tested in a local lab we've just actually received the results now we've got a full transition specialist having a look giving us advice on watchful transient system to install which will then get linked up to the house so that the goal is automatically to be completely off the grid with regards to to water so currently reusing it so you top up the swimming pool in. summer. and then. once a week once every 2 weeks we give the water. you garden some water. they were around 40000 private boreholes and cape town not even the experts can say what long term effects they will have on the environment. i don't know what for

them civility. they're not able to why the service and you take it on the whole of the. whole costing you money within the water. yeah so we are. those who can afford it can drill they don't even need a license a private borehole costs around 10000 euros capital always roof and the rich people . will only be inconvenienced for a very short period of time and then they will go their route to central by all or somewhere else ok now that you've got to someplace that i think a critical lesson for me was how the city is messaging and communication in words and unfolded over the time and some of that created mistrust and misgivings and of course citizens to almost recoil in building their own independence of water systems we need to treat our water as

a community common service and good and therefore we're all in this together and rates and taxes for instance and revenue collection are crucial to making that system function. the more wealthy residents leave the municipal system the less money flows into city coffers and the more pressure there is on the socially disadvantaged. when you get a cute water scarcity it made him professionally underneath so that's what you see in south africa so the acute despite the disparity in the income each of that's being magnified south africa is a highly an equal society from the wealthiest people living in town some the highest in really striking the world. adjacent some of the poorest of the poor

you can get out an existence an already financially publish and publish in terms of help in terms of prospects for a better life and you should look into the poverty trap. vale a move to cape town 8 years ago hoping for a better life she ended up in k leecher one of south africa's poorest townships the houses here have no toilets or running water dozens of families share a tap at the height of the crisis some of them were turned off to save water. into my now i know what. i thought i would try and i long to find out. in 2 months if no one can rob. the public toilets and khayelitsha are no longer provided with water for flushing so many residents go to the waste dump to relieve themselves. in one of my

nature and. who went to with other kids to the. him there was someone waiting for that little cal had the other kids saw that his son saw he was about to rape their child's. age children shout at their parents so in the end they called people who saw the people. that person turn away so it's not safe cause that person is not quite yet c. 32 year old has been looking for

a job for years in vain. she 103 sons live with her cousin and her 2 sons in a tiny tin shack for 7 of them share 8 square metres the children's fathers have abandoned them that's not unusual in this neighborhood. the children are a source of income for families in the townships. and her cousin receive a total of $100.00 euros a month for the 5 children. in the event of daisy the scenario in which cape town runs out of water the 2 women could only hope that the government would jump in and help more effectively than it seems to be doing now. now he is saying things that the next year. i'm just going to see how these things it will cause i witnessed this i don't know how we continue with

my keys. with a 0. sum imagine people dying of thirst 200 comes that's an unlikely scenario but the danger of social unrest or infectious diseases due to water scarcity is more real. since the start of the drought more and more patients have come to this township hospital with hygiene related conditions. villa's youngest son has had skin problems for weeks. the medical examination is free but not vale or can't afford the medication the clinic recommends. and even though the nurse knows about her patient situation her

well meaning advice has little to do with the reality of life in the township. them have i been a was to bathe a child 2 times a day in the morning and in the evening and have him change clothes frequently and you get what i'm saying for example if you baits in the evening and wears clean clothes he shouldn't wear that again tomorrow night so that he does not repeat the same clone. because when he scratches all that remains in those clothes so he must wear new clean clothes. to louisiana how they didn't. get going again. since the threat of daisy roll emerged all of south africa has been concerned about cape town but in the car of a semi desert just a few 100 kilometers away an equally dramatic scenarios development. hundreds of

farm workers in the town of sutherland are fighting for their livelihoods analysts estimate that the drought and the water crisis are costing the farming sector 300000 jobs. in. south africa's biggest aid organization has stepped in to assist the drought stricken farmers although the government ought to help it's the gift of the givers foundation that is providing relief in the form of groceries and fodder for the livestock. the farmers in this region provide a 3rd of south africa's meat supply and produce the world famous car a lamb. for. the problems of the sutherland farmers in danger food security and the whole country. so they did go looking for long term growth but what i don't for new crazy i mean pride while the great thing about taking place they don't want to believe that you know. many of

the large scale farms in this area have been family go on for generations most of them are now facing ruin. gift of the givers. has already provided 6000000 euros worth of aid donations too little to avert tragedy for the farmers. and that if one looks if you could have gave it to restart all those little example of us farming is not like industry you know you can start and stop but just builds what in 5 i was but you can't do sheep farming in 5 hours no you need water you need the right with the grass to grow it's something dependent on nature and environment which can not be dissipated like in just being. the lack of rainfall isn't the only problem the farmers can't get any more water from their boreholes the ngo also helps to drill new holes for desperate farmers.

it's 1400000 hit days of land where all the boards started to dry up now the water table has dropped from 24 mm meet this average to around about 80 meters no and so the entire project is massive in terms of the money needed to actually get down to 80 metres for the 200 borders that we need to do to do be successful with. default ready trilled 35 holes 26 of them successfully. number 36 also strikes water. look.

in the fall. we see a master program coming really breeds of. dead is being brooded over hundreds of years. with a sheep or a zillion they can handle these situations but if we start losing these breeds sheep we're going to be some of the biggest woo producing sheep in the world and some of the producing she. led. the was pronounced they were only looking at drinking water and they were only looking at water for human consumption they were not looking at water to sustain the economy and they were not looking at water for food production. in south

western cape town farmers are also worried they have water supplies for the moment because they can tap into the cities. but they are far from secure. the want a crisis for me is not a crisis about water it's a crisis management. is a scant tactic. for. us to hand over our rights to the city and the problem. with his p.h.a. food and farming campaign maziar sunday is fighting to preserve the philippi horticultural area a swathe of ag. a cultural land that has been farmed for centuries beneath the 3000 hector area is a gigantic awkward for. the small and medium sized farms here produce at least a 3rd of cape town's vegetables. they employ 6000 workers mainly women from the

surrounding townships. now the city has announced plans to replace this bread basket with housing and industrial space. private investors are already in place the area is especially attractive not least thanks to its water. but the farmers say they won't give up without a fight there cooperative is suing the city over the development plans some see the conflict as an example of the broader question of how cape town intends to use its resources in the future. saying we want a judge. to say to us. what is more important. actually still food and water and it can environment for the city of people the city of cape town or. the privatization of that there's a section of that to the benefit of

a few develop us. the answer might seem obvious but a quarter of a century after its revolution south africa is still a deeply divided society with many different interests. do you solve poverty by giving poor people free water or do you solve poverty by giving poor people jobs. that's a philosophical question asked for from the sulphide human side of the fact that if you give water free water to poor people you create the payments you misled and that of course what the african national congress has done. more than half the world's population now lives in cities many of the existential risks connected with climate change are concentrated in urban centers and threaten the social fabric. one such risk is growing water scarcity. from

a fall out for me it feels that water is going to be. dying then that's what. it's going to be. we don't have to be in this place today right if there is dead listen to people like us then you've been one who had those days you know. you had this or that crisis nobody doubt us but we wouldn't have this crisis. to cope with global warming and growing populations cities have to prepare for the unexpected cape town has realized that not only new and different water sources will help protect it from drought long term whether it's desalination. waste water recycling. or drilling into aquifers there will be damage to the environment the impact of climate change is multi-faceted. however the

case of cape town and its daisy row scenario also shows that water scarcity is not just due to missing rainfall and that governments would do well to listen to scientists about where water supplies can come from instead of playing political games. politics must stay out of order. if you don't want us don't have water he doesn't ask you to which political party you belong to so we must keep politics out of war we can't make war to a political football the reality is that water is an infinitely renewable resource and a planetary level the crisis of planetary level with the world population is outstripping it's of it's supply of fresh water and this we as a as a species solve that problem been the future of the homo sapiens of the species is not very good either then it's also embodied in the daisy or narrative. in

a globalized world in the throes of climate change water is an increasingly precious resource and that affects all of us a warning from south africa. can cyclists ever be reunified a journey along the border encountering hopes and prejudices it soon becomes clear that the decade long division has driven the greek and turkish populations farther apart and yet there are still those on both sides who refuse to accept this life on the border. in 90 minutes to.

bring to me. not everyone who loves books has to go insane. with d.w. literature list a 100 german must reads. d. to know that 77 percent black are younger than $65.00. that's me and me and. you know what time of voices while. the 77 percent talk about the issues. from the politics to flashes from housing boom boom time this is where they are. welcome to the 77 percent. this weekend r t w.

this is news coming to you live from berlin there was a choice almost no one had expected after days of torturous negotiations european leaders. germany's defense minister for the most powerful. position to her is already growing is it a compromise too far. an italian judge releases the german skipper of a migrant rescue ship after she was arrested in defining an order not to. italy's interior minister has called for tougher treaty.