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they're beautiful. like flowers of the sea. but there are many of them and they can be dangerous and. a few are even deadly to humans. and they terrify bathers around the world. it starts with a crime after an electric shock and then a bird feeding in a. car their numbers in the world's oceans increasing. going to have an insane reproductive capacity as a single jellyfish like this can produce 15000 eggs in. and i thought. is this

punishment for mankind's irresponsible actions. or oceans are not well and jellyfish seem to be benefiting the explosion of their population is just the unspoken lung is the jellyfish express the rescue monkey as a warning sign. the scientists the world over are studying jellyfish they hope to discover the secrets of jellyfish the medusas of the sea and their laboratories. and. these are the waters off the coast of japan where back in

2002 something changed. a swarm of numerous jellyfish appeared veritable giants with the diameter of 2 meters. numerous jellyfish with tentacles as thick as macaroni look like something from outer space not much is known about their life cycle. a german scientist carnelian ya suppose meets shinichi who is from japan. he's considered the leading expert of the international jellyfish seen. the aspers as a plankton expert and she wants to find out more about the giant jellyfish swarms in the sea of japan. they indicate that something is not right in the world's oceans. the eerie giant jellyfish invasions are putting japanese fishermen at risk. professor way shows footage that looks

like a scene from a horror film. when the the jedi fish comes in larger numbers. then the broken and the bruised and then the fisherman lose the huge money it's very difficult for the fisherman to do the solution but that maybe the science will give. the cue to do it. we scientists know where the jellyfish come from and then they're where they are abundant so we will like to give such information to the fisherman as early as possible. and we discovered that a large swarms of jellyfish came from china. coastal waters there have been heavily

impacted by human activity. that china sea is over fished and polluted. from their current transport the 200 kilogram heavy jellyfish to the japanese coast . barcelona. experts are meeting at the jellyfish blooms symposium. the international scientists are studying the seemingly unstoppable growth of the marine animals. but it remains an exotic research field. and not many marine biologists choose to specialize in jellyfish. is the current explosion in jellyfish numbers linked to human activity. after. plankton expert cornea gaspar's in a colleague's discussed the issue at the same. posy.

yes hers has good international connections and she's hoping to find new leads. during her stay in barcelona she visits josep maria gilly. the aquarium's in his lab contained dozens of species of different ages. jellyfish have inhabited our world's oceans for over 600000000 years. for decades scientists overlooked jellyfish in fact creatures were actively avoided. if i wanted to jellyfish were typically ignored in research now they're attracting a lot of attention because there are no harbors and close to our beaches people are

noticing that there are a lot more jellyfish than before really given it but sadly we don't have systematic long term data to answer our questions if i thought. jellyfish don't have a brain or a heart. they swim by contracting the ring shaped muscles to create an underling motion that propels them forward their jelly matter bodies are kept together by 2 thin layers called epidermis and gastro dermis inside jellyfish have an essentially hollow space which is their gastro vascular cavity prey is guided from the tentacles by oral arms through the stomach tube and into the interior. experts are discovering more and more of these animals remarkable skills the moon jellyfish or alien or rita is found in all the 7 seas and can form huge swarms gilly is especially worried by one. rainy and species the palagi are not to look up which

glows in the dark. and gloomy the biggest problem with the not to luca comes from its impact on the entire marine ecosystem. there are predators they eat zooplankton and fish. but they're also a problem for humans. currents and when you bring them together in large swarms around our beaches contact with our skin causes severe burns. when the beaches have had to be repeatedly closed as a result i don't like. it beats as one of spain's islands. this is where bartolomé madi tour was a tour salo work their volunteers with the spanish civil protection office. they

regularly visit the monitored beaches to determine the number of jellyfish incentives. nobody here can predict when this morning's occur. of the bigger the been of it the movement in early may we had a veritable jellyfish invasion in the sea and on the beaches just before most of the above this since then it's been quiet. according to our lifeguards we've been having no more than 3 jellyfish incidents but they. are some of us hoping it will stay that way for the next season as well if the money. his colleague has a picture from the spring on his mobile. this is what a real jellyfish invasion in a pizza looks like. they're ready to go to issue should. the jellyfish could show up at any time. jellyfish have. one of the most toxic and differentiated cellular mechanisms in the

animal kingdom lining their tentacles stinging cells. on contact they inject toxins into their victims. giving us 1st it feels like a crime now but after an electric shock and then it would be both just give a little bit of that's why it's better to stay in the water because it's cooling and. if you go out into the sun it burns and hurts much more. you should call it a fish but right away let it heal because you know it. knows what he's talking about. he was stung by jellyfish just recently. he and his lifeguard colleagues swear by their 1st aid measure salt water with baking powder

mixed in. not fresh water because that would fuel the activity of the venomous capsules. the mix is always at hand at their observation post. if they stay i will find out that you know is that what this is so water with baking soda and you know it's better than vinegar. and baking soda is alkaline or neutralize is the toxins in the jellyfish tentacles that it renders the mom lists and lessens the pain and yet the book at least yet a step you know even in a bit of. jelly fish are not just a danger to humans and northern ireland they killed some 100000 salmon. and ocean current had carried the swarm to the salmon farm pushing millions more stingers into the cages. jelly. even cause power outages.

when those gen officious are coming in swarms they're blocking our cooling system. nuclear power plant in southern sweden was forced to shut down on the weekend after large amounts of jellyfish clocked up the pipe securing cooling water to deter banks. as i don't like that have given jellyfish a bad image because some scientists exploit this saying jellyfish a bad by nature and that we have a real problem but that doesn't take into account the jellyfish populations always also lives there a year is when there are lots of jellyfish and he is when there are barely any that's normal for jellyfish and this is not my this is for the final published. cornélie our youngsters wants to find out the truth about jellyfish. she's been researching around the world for years. my professor hotter than my professor had

mentioned small animals that could reproduce within 24 hours and that really sparked my interest i asked him about them and he said i should join a trip across the indian ocean to research the significance in the world's oceans. i said yes and joined and that's how i became fascinated by them. jellyfish get transported to europe and the ballast water of large container ships . for nearly a yes person who's from hamburg has been observing the introduced species for almost 10 years. and not just in kiel on the baltic where she is currently working . their population is growing dramatically a present as it is late summer. she can spot several jellyfish from the jetty. it's worth visiting these marine creatures under the surface.

the search doesn't take long as expected they can be found on mars around the genny . it's called the warty comb jelling or c walnut and strictly speaking it's not a jellyfish. this creature doesn't have stinging cells unlike true jellyfish. this is why aspers can touch them. the scientist has specialized in home joe in. their natural home is the atlantic the east coast of the u.s. . for nearly a year aspers has established that this species is extremely adaptable and can reproduce at lightning speed. that is that since they have no food competitors here they can grow incredibly large take this one for example it's 6070 millimeters if you just type the body a specimen like this produces 15000 exposure day that can fertilize themselves we

have to keep an eye on them the salt content in the central baltic is too low for them but it's a super habitat for reproducing. the port of keel on the baltic is the starting point for a scientific expedition is all around the world. omar helmholtz center for ocean research is well known among researchers. ya spurs was previously at the institute for aquatic resources at the technical university of denmark. in 2006 marine biologists discovered the imported calm jelly species in the baltic. that was a shock. in the mediterranean the population had exploded and also caused huge damage to the black sees ecosystem. how quickly can the warty come jelly conquer. it's new habitat. is it

a threat to the baltic to at 1st glance their fascinatingly beautiful. a comb jellies shimmer and all the colors of the rainbow. under the microscope it becomes clear why. light refracts in all the spectral colors of the tiny transparent discs with which the animal moves around. but yeah springs has made a frightening discovery. the migrants can cope so well with local conditions that it's not just the adults that are reproducing but the young ones as well. under ideal conditions and the lack of freshly hatched larva begins langue eggs and only a few days. just 1st team spent months counting and observing to find out just how many eggs such larvae can produce. the oscars has shown that the ability of the warty come jelly to reproduce rapidly wherever it likes the conditions is largely

linked to the species particular reproductive qualities. this is as it isn't a 900 species it doesn't belong here so it's important that we keep an eye on it so we know how it's developing and whether it's taking over the ecosystem. that would be disastrous. the baltic is home to fish such as cod and herring which are important for the fish market. are the warning home jellies eating their young. cornelia osprey's performs an experiment to find out. she gives the jellyfish caught eggs larvae for food. the jellyfish doesn't eat the fish eggs they spit them out again. the opposite happens to the very young cod. the comb jelly laps the mock.

me up is kind of taken me to fish lava but mostly just those that is still in the yolk sent up they don't actively swim yet the other is a 2 nobody can get away from the jellyfish arms into the vehicle and coming up to. this means the warty come jelly's could be dangerous. on board the danish research vessel donna biologist boston prove their conducts a jellyfish census 4 times a year. are they posing a threat to the eggs and larvae of herring and cod. and it was posed competing in these jellyfish is natural habitat along the east coast of north and south america they are notorious for eating fish eggs and marking fish eye on laughing at best and that's that's why we were worried when we 1st discovered this species back in 2007 here around born home because this is the main spawning area for baltic cod.

this set off was. planted nets simp through the water column from the surface to just above the sea bed. if this is a net is called a bongo net because it looks like a bongo drum and. we use this larger one mainly to capture fish eggs and larvae fish fish love into found. this one catches all kinds of zooplankton and the baby bongo captures very small organisms and jellyfish are caught by all of the nets. and i don't know it's an unspoken but defining. the captain of the down a is setting the course for the night. to be able to compare the results long term boston who have their heads to the same coordinates each time only. if we zoom in again we can see the isle. of gone home and fame on our bases are more in the

eastern area. i thought we'd start with the transact in the our kona basin and then we'll work our way over. to the research ship will travel along the set g.p.s. coordinates for several nights. captured zooplankton gathers and a catch back at the end of the net. while my dear and. the main thing we're interested in is how many jelly fish we have in the samples and how many fish eggs and larvae fish love. the donna has set course on the next spacek. meanwhile hoover tends to his catch. a school of sticklebacks is feasting on the zooplankton that he has yet to count.

they have to be removed 1st. from. under the microscope the different species of zooplankton can be identified. tiny co pods along with fish eggs and large they prey for jellyfish. at every station a measuring probe is lowered into the water. this determines the oxygen and salt content along with the temperature. vertical profile of the environmental data appears on who their screen. graphs indicate salty oxygen rich layers. it seems water from the north sea has found its way to the eastern baltic through deep channels that suggests that the warty come jellies came here on this salt water current as. this was i have said at the moment we don't believe this

jellyfish has had a big impact on the fish populations here in the eastern baltic because it hasn't appeared on mass anywhere and. in addition the jellyfish doesn't show up during the main cod spawning season up late so those boxes. so no reason for concern. for nearly a gaspers disagrees. because the warty calm jellies came to europe into migration waves. are the ones that appeared for the 1st time down here in the black sea a region aged from the gulf of mexico he got from mexico well him being the animals we have up here in the baltic they've come from boston woods hole that area. boston that's been proved genetically and means that these were 2 completely distinct invasions. so what would happen if the warty come jellies from the black

sea were introduced into the baltic. come here they are found in large numbers in the southwest and baltic and in the kattegat between denmark and sweden but they haven't conquered the majority of the baltic and. if we can show that the southern spaces has a different genetic repertoire and can cope with the lowest salt content then if the sudden ones transferred north that could be a threat on the other hand we don't know what would happen if the southern and northern jellies were brought together we could get super potent hybrids or we could get hybrids that can't reproduce it's a very exciting question that's really significant for the future of the baltic. but right on. the scientist is bringing 40 come jellies from america the black sea and the baltic together in the lab. over the next few years she'll carry out evolutionary and breeding experiments funded by the e.u.

as marie curie truck ram and the danish council for independent research for natural sciences. the plankton scientist hopes to find out whether the jellyfish will continue their advance and conquer new regions. in view. on the coaches or. biologist fabienne long works for the observer twice also on a graphic. for mustn't see me bruce timm a jellyfish on scare. beautiful organism a bit like flowers of the sea with their shape and tentacles and their almost lace

like you. might find them very pretty with a sort of zen way of life these organs q one this is the. anyone who speaks that positively about jellyfish must have a reason. the location of his office for example. it's from here that he decides whether it's worth capturing a few of his research objects. today's a good day. the last stinger is the dominant species of the mediterranean. needs a few for his experiments in the laboratory. so

. terrible as people think. they've been at home in the world's oceans for more than 600000000 years sometimes they're there in great abundance sometimes there are just a few of them but they always play an important role as predators in the ocean and they could be useful to us humans so we shouldn't think of them as being terrible even if there are sometimes too many of them we have to learn to live with them and occasionally use them. he. has an unusual idea. he sucks up large quantities of slime released by the mob sting or when it's lange its eggs and the moon jellyfish when it stressed. he kills the slime into test tubes. then he injects water polluted with nano particles and of the jellyfish line. here. the result the

jellyfish slime causes the nano particles to clump together thus cleaning the polluted water. there are more and more nano particles these days in creams for example factories producing these nano particles must dispose of their waste water without polluting the environment. the jellyfish slime can be used to collect and gather all these nano particles into a bowl so that they can be gotten rid of easily in a low cost and environmentally friendly way. back to. could this rescue the jellyfish its reputation. is also seeking to understand jellyfish is dual potential on the north sea island the public well known for

decades she's been researching the reproduction strategy of skippers 0 or more true jellyfish she's being helped by divers from the alfred begun to institute the team is going out to look for jellyfish polyps. easier to see them if there are a lot of them of course looking for tentacles that move to and fro around corals is a good way to spot them they prefer to live on the underside of substrates which means you should always look from below that will give you a better chance of finding them. there are 5 north sea species floating under the ship apart from the from aphrodite compass jellyfish all the species have males and females. the sperm is released into the water and taken in by the females who carry the eggs. the fertilized eggs then turn into jellyfish. the true jellyfish then release these clan your way into the ocean.

thanks to tiny filaments the plan yellow stays afloat until it comes across a smooth solid surface on to which it can attach itself. once settled the plan yella develops into a polyp. under very specific conditions these polyps will release many little jellyfish called a fire a. fire up grow into full sized medusa's. then the cycle starts afresh. it's an extremely effective reproductive strategy. polyps can survive for several years on the hard ground of the divers are to search. they don't have a skeleton so sandy soil moving around them would break them down so that's why they need a hard substrate where they can settle safely sandy soil is no good to them or turn

into little things on guitar we're introducing hard substrate sim places where they used to be only send in the shape of platforms or rigs for example. meaning wearing creasing the places where plan you can settle and develop into polyps and produce jellyfish runs in. off shore facilities are being built all over the world to satisfy our huge energy demands. the massive structures provide new underwater settlement areas for the polyps. even shipping markers have been colonized along with concrete harbor structures and breakwaters cry a dive along this wall reveals just how popular famous structures are for marine inhabitants. every square centimeter is occupied.

this diver is trying to find the polyps in this jungle on the harbor is sheet piling. she takes a sample from a likely location. on her way back or a colleague bumps into a lion's mane jellyfish. fortunately he's wearing a full face mask otherwise he would have been badly stuck other talk but i hope it's a female with lava so we can harvest the lava and race politics in the lab then we can study the polyps and find out when they produce jellyfish and on to what conditions on. so they decided if you don't find the end of the.

run off the top of. the jellyfish in the sample are taken to the lab environmental conditions in the sea are changing . the reason is climate change. the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations is warming our atmosphere. the ocean absorbs the heat. in the north sea alone and encrease of 1.7 degrees celsius has been measured global warming was also a subject of the jellyfish bloom symposium in barcelona. yes present host meet jennifer purcell she's been researching the dynamic between jellyfish populations and their policies for the past 40 years. when you give them higher temperatures they produce more jellyfish. dramatically more jellyfish than they do in the cooler

waters. increasing air pollution as a result of industry and traffic is leaving its mark. there's too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution the world's oceans have absorbed half of the carbon dioxide. the gas dissolves in the oceans reducing their ph values and our oceans are becoming more acidic. all organisms with a calcium based skeleton are in danger because the acidic water dissolves limestone . jellyfish don't have a scale and therefore the acidification of the oceans isn't a problem for them they survive. jennifer herself describes further negative effects. the high amount of fertilizer used in congress culture leads to nutrients getting into the oceans via groundwater rivers. this

causes phytoplankton blooms. tiny algae which forms huge carpets as can be seen from space. this vegetable fodder produces all the more zooplankton. it's made up of microscopically small animals and fish larvae. this is what jelly fish feed on allowing them to reproduce in great numbers this is causing you trophic conditions with loss of nutrients in the water it leads to low oxygen levels and. jellyfish are very tolerant of those conditions. at the same time the fishing industry has depleted fish populations and fish are the main food competitors of jellyfish. pushing in the baltic and the danish research boat down. even

a cursory glance tells the scientists that there are too few female caught able to spawn. they've been overfished by the baltic fishing fleets. the danes are counting on behalf of the international council for the exploration of the sea which monitors $110.00 fish species around the world. their data is included in the annual recommendation for e.u. fishing quotas. both the young fish and the small schooling fishes like herring are eating those oh plankton the little tiny animals swim around in the water so both of those are being consumed by jellyfish and fish then you're taking away the fish so that leaves more food for the jellyfish to eat.

back on heligoland sabina holt is on her way to the lab the breakwaters made of tetrapods are like a red carpet but the jellyfish larvae she finds plastic rubbish on the beach. millions of tons of plastic waste find their way into the oceans around the world. currents keep the plastic adrift in the water for a long time and they too are welcome settlements for polyps. in the lab host examines the sample brought in by the divers. she finds what she was expecting. there amongst the algae barnacles and moss animals of the branching jellyfish polyps of the anthem a doozy. biological institute has been

sending a monitoring boat out to sea almost daily since 1962. it is one of the longest running long term marine data collection programs. the scientists collect water and plankton samples. if environmental conditions change could impact the composition of the ocean plankton a change jellyfish might benefit from living through that we know that jellyfish polyps are very resistant to changes in the environment and that means that the polyps survive environmental conditions that other organisms cannot believe and all that it's been nice to believe that. the atlantic. closer caso sea which is situated far off the coast of north america. danish research vessel donna is on a deal expedition. cornelia ya suppose does not agree with the negative image

jellyfish have together with an international team of maritime biologists plaintiff experts she wants to prove they play an enormously important role in the food chain for example for the endangered european parts of hi everyone is surprised that evil is becoming more expensive meals are actually at risk of extinction one possible connection that nobody is really making is that jellyfish could be a potential building block in the food chain without them we might have no more to wait 5 and you couldn't get enough to compile a. list on. the net for catching deal larvae is raised from a depth of $250.00 metres. the 1st glance proves that there are many species of gelatinous plankton organisms here. amongst them the scientists discover the mysterious ill larvae that hatch here in the sargasso sea.

one this size wouldn't survive in an aqua culture because nobody knows what these baby eels eat. that's why no one has ever been able to bring european eels. the multi net is lifted on board. it gathers samples from several depths between 0 and 400 meters. plankton experts cornelia aspers skills are needed. after hours of rinsing counting classifying. it becomes clear which organisms contribute to the food chain out here in the sargasso sea. yeah you have. we catch small in love and cut them open we remove the stomach in his molecular methods to determine what they eat jellyfish don't have skeletons as

a result they get digested immediately that makes it really hard to use normal methods like microscopes to find traces of such organisms but now we have molecular methods so that we can find out what gelatinous organisms are in the stomachs we also examine which gelatinous organisms are in the water and then hopefully we can match the 2. maybe bidens are consummate. doing the a large a jellyfish. proving that is difficult. the meticulous counting job on board is only the 1st step for the researchers. analyzing the data will take several years only then will the results be ready for publication. are jellyfish and barter for the fish we eat establishing that would be a breakthrough for science. and the key not just for saving the european deal but also other endangered fish species.

the jellyfish blooms symposium as an important event for exchange between scientists. jellyfish research is still in its infancy. and uniform research methods as have been established in fishery biology are lacking. i think it's a really nice sign that there are so many young people involved now that's a very positive science earth area a lot of postdocs and a mass of students involved but that means that there's an interest and growing interest and that is what has been lacking in the past years i think we. seeing the 2 final twi there is some growing population at some point on the plan that we find occasions about of course it needs longest trudy's the decay to its treaties or even very strong experimental studies that falls on the want to feel

like king and there is a lot of money touring. money touring programs that are started that need to be continued to air raiding understand what is going on. what's clear is that the mid do says are an important indicator of the decline of the oceans. a problem caused by humans. of course the jellyfish has no words to say that human beings but the explosion of their population is just the unspoken language. that the fish the jedi fused expressed to us human beings as a warning sign. the mysterious world of jellyfish they've been around for over 600000000 years making them the oldest marine inhabitants on our planet so far

there has never been a jellyfish takeover but the creatures unusual qualities continue to enrich the diversity in our ocean. searching for identity and recognition. turkish citizens with african roots. their forebears for brought to the ottoman empire as slaves. even today their descendants are treated like outsiders. know they're demanding

change. quite a minute's. it's been 50 years since the moon landing. was the 1st man to walk on the moon. where. as a small boy he dreamed of the stars. as a pilot he soon anything no matter how dangerous. the church they're going to pull . as an astronaut she took part in the greatest adventure in history. but the room a legend was simply

a human dream. was real armstrong starts july 20th on t.w. . this is deja vu news live from burlesque finland assumes the e.u. presidency and says solving climate change should be europe's quote next heroic act to finish prime minister says he's been listening to young people especially those taking part in friday's for future demonstrations across europe also coming up. a

showdown in the gulf a british royal navy frigate drives off iranian gunboats the try to intercept a british oil tanker but iran denies that.