all we can be the generation that ends it so good malaria must die so millions can live.

their beautiful. like flowers of the sea. but there are many of them and they can be dangerous and. a few are even deadly to humans. and they've terrified bathers around the world. when their it starts with a crime after an electric shock then a burning feeling in the game or. are their numbers in the world's oceans increasing. and we have to have an insane reproductive capacity in a single jellyfish like this can produce $15000.00 pounds or. is this punishment for mankind's irresponsible actions. our oceans are not well and jellyfish seem to be benefiting the explosion over their population is just the unspoken lunga

the jelly fish to express to us human being as a warning sign. to scientists the world over are studying jellyfish they hope to discover the secrets of jellyfish the medusas of the scene and their laboratories. busy and. these are the waters off the coast of japan where back in 2002 something changed. a swarm of no moros jellyfish appeared veritable giants with a diameter of 2 meters. the morris jellyfish with tentacles as thick as macaroni

looked like something from outer space not much is known about their life cycle. german scientist cornelia ja spruce meets shinichi way from japan. he's considered the leading expert of the international jellyfish scene. the aspers as a plantain expert and she wants to find out more about the giant jellyfish swarm in the sea of japan. they indicate that something is not right in the world's oceans. the eerie giant jellyfish invasions are putting japanese fishermen at risk. or professor way shows footage that looks like a scene from a horror film. when

the the jedi fish comes in larger numbers. then the broken and the bruised and then the fisherman lose the huge money and it's very difficult for the fisherman to do the solution but that may be the science will give. the cube to do it. we scientists know where the jellyfish come from and then they're where they are abundant so we will like to give such information to the fisherman as early as possible and. we discovered that the large swarms of jellyfish came from china. and coastal waters there have been heavily impacted by human activity. that china sea is over fished and polluted. from their current transport the 200 kilogram heavy jellyfish to the japanese coast

. barcelona. experts are meeting at the jellyfish blooms symposium. the international scientists are studying the seemingly unstoppable growth of the marine animals. but it remains an exotic research field. and not many marine biologists choose to specialize in jellyfish. is the current explosion in jellyfish numbers linked to human activity back langton expert cornelia ja spears and her colleagues discuss the issue at the symposium. jasa birds has a good international connections and she's hoping to find new leads. during

her stay in barcelona she visits josep maria kelly. the aquariums in his lab contain dozens of species of different ages. jellyfish have inhabited our world's oceans for over 600000000 years. for decades scientists overlooked jellyfish in fact creatures were actively avoided. by want to have jellyfish were typically ignored in research now they're attracting a lot of attention because there are no harbors and close to our beaches people are noticing that there are a lot more jellyfish than before really define it but sadly we don't have systematic long term data to answer our questions if i thought.

jellyfish don't have a brain or a heart. they swim by contrasts. the ring shaped muscles to create an underling motion that propels them forward their jelly matter bodies are kept together by 2 thin layers called epidermis and gastro dermis inside jellyfish have an essentially hollow space which is their gastro vascular cavity prey is guided from the tentacles by arms through the stomach tube and into the interior. experts are discovering more and more of these animals remarkable skills the moon jellyfish or alien or rita is found in all the 7 seas and can form huge swarms gillie is especially worried by one mediterranean species. noctua luca which glows in the dark. and. the biggest problem with. it comes from

its impact on the entire marine ecosystem and their predators they eat zooplankton and fish. but they're also a problem for humans. currents and when you bring them together in large swarms around our beaches contact with our skin causes severe burns. well the beaches have had to be repeatedly closed as a result. it beats as one of spain's islands. this is where bartolomé muddy tour was a tourist saw the work there volunteers with the spanish civil protection office. they regularly visit the monitored beaches to determine the number of jellyfish incidents. nobody here can predict when this morning's occur.

i think it is that we made the move in early may we had a veritable jellyfish invasion in this c a. on the beaches. this since then it's been quiet. according to our lifeguards we've been having no more than 3 jellyfish incidents per day with some of us hoping it will stay that way for the next season as well if you money but on a professional. his colleague has a picture from the spring on his mobile. this is what a real jellyfish invasion in a pizza looks like. there or if you could be a fish issue solution. the jellyfish could show up at any time. jellyfish have one of the most toxic and differentiated cellular mechanisms in the animal kingdom lining their tentacles stinging cells.

on contact they inject toxins into their victims. yes 1st it feels like a crime now but after an electric shock and then the boat this give a little of what that's why it's better to stay in the water because it's cooling. if you go out into the sun it burns and hurts much more. you should call a jellyfish right away. but you know because you know it. knows what he's talking about. he was stung by jellyfish just recently. he and his lifeguard colleagues swear by their 1st aid measure salt water with baking powder mixed in. not fresh water because that would fuel the activity of the venomous

capsules. the mix is always at hand at their observation post. if they stay i will find out that you know is that what this is so water with baking soda if you like it's better than vinegar. it's a breaking soda is alkaline or neutralize is the toxins in the jellyfish tentacles that it when just the mom listen lessens the pain and you get the little l.e.d.s. except you know that. jellyfish. you're not just a danger to humans in northern ireland they killed some 100000 salmon. an ocean current had carried the swarm to the salmon farm pushing millions of moth stingers into the cages. jellyfish even cause power outages. when those surgeon officious coming in swarms that are blocking our cooling system

. nuclear power plant in southern sweden was forced to shut down on the weekend after large amounts of jellyfish clocked up the pipes carrying cooling water to deter banks. as i tunes like that have given jellyfish a bad image some scientists exploit this saying jellyfish a bad by nature and that we have a real problem but that doesn't take into account that jellyfish populations always also lies there a year is when there are lots of jellyfish and he is when there are barely any that's normal for jellyfish and this is not my this is for crying and hoping. for nearly a yes person wants to find out the truth about jellyfish. she's been researching around the world for years. because i have to thank my professor had mentioned small animals that could reproduce within 24 hours and that really sparked my

interest i asked him about them and he said i should join a trip across the indian ocean to research their significance in the world's oceans . i said yes and joined and that's how i became fascinated by them. jellyfish get transported to europe and the ballast water of large container ships . for nearly a yes person who's from hamburg has been observing the introduced species for almost 10 years. and not just in kiel on the baltic where she's currently working. their population is growing dramatically a present as it is late summer. she can spot several jellyfish from the jetty. it's worth visiting these marine creatures under the surface. the search doesn't take long as expected they can be found on mars around the jetty . it's called the warning cone jelly or sea wall not strictly speaking it's not

a jellyfish. this creature doesn't have stinging cells unlike true jellyfish. this is why you aspers can touch them. the scientist has specialized in comb joey. their natural home is the atlantic the east coast of the u.s. . for nearly a year aspers has established that this species is extremely adaptable and can reproduce at lightning speed. that is that since they have no food competitors here they can grow incredibly large take this one for example it's $6070.00 millimeters if you just take the body a specimen like this produces $15000.00 eggs per day that can fertilize themselves we have to keep an eye on them although the salt content in the central baltic is too low for them but it's a super habitat for reproducing. the port of kiel on the baltic

is the starting point for scientific expeditions all around the world. hellhole center for ocean research is well known among researchers. gossipers was previously at the institute for aquatic resources at the technical university of denmark. in 2006 marine biologist discovered the imported cone jelly species in the baltic. that was a shock. in the mediterranean the population had exploded and also caused huge damage to the black c.c. ecosystem. how quickly can the warty come jelly conquer its new habitat. is it a threat to the baltic to at 1st glance there fascinatingly beautiful. 8 calm jellies shimmer and all the colors of the rainbow. under the microscope it becomes

clear why. light refracts and all the spectral colors in the tiny transparent discs with which the animal moves around. but yeah spears has made a frightening discovery. the migrants can cope so well with local conditions that it's not just the adults that are reproducing but the young ones as well. under ideal conditions in the lab a freshly hatched larva begins langue eggs and only a few days. yes most team spent months counting and observing to find out just how many eggs such larvae can produce. the oscars has shown that the ability of the warty come jelly to reproduce rapidly wherever it likes the conditions is largely linked to the species particular reproductive qualities.

this is a this isn't a native species it doesn't belong here so it's important that we keep an eye on it so we know how it's developing and whether it's taking over the ecosystem. that would be disastrous. the baltic is home to fish such as cod and herring which are important for the fish market. or the war he called jellies eating their young. cornelia ja spruce performs an experiment to find out. she gives the jellyfish caught a larvae for food. jellyfish doesn't eat the fish eggs they spit them out again. the opposite happens to the very young cod babies. but comb jelly laps them up. when you have this kind of taken a to fish lava but mostly just those that is still in the yolk sent up they don't

actively swim yet the others are to mobile get away from the jellyfish arms into the vacation and coming up to 7. this means the warty come jelly's could be dangerous. on board the danish research vessel donna biologist who there conducts a jellyfish census 4 times a year. are they posing a threat to the eggs and larvae of herring and cod. and it was bones get bitten that in these jellyfish is a natural habitat along the east coast of north and south america they are notorious for eating fish eggs and marking fish eye on laughing at 1st and that's of that's why we were worried when we 1st discovered this b.c.s. back in 2007 here around bornholm because this is the main spawning area for baltic cod repeat this last office. planted nets served. the water column from the surface to just above the sea bed.

if this is a net is called a bongo net because it looks like a bongo drum and. we use this larger one mainly to capture fish eggs and larvae fish. found. this one catches all kinds of zooplankton and the baby bongo captures very small organisms and jelly fish are caught by all of the nets. but defining. the captain of the down a is setting the course for the night. to be able to compare the results long term bastiaan who have their heads to the same coordinates each time only. if we zoom in again we can see the islands of gone home and fame on our bases are more in the eastern area. i thought we'd start with the transact in the our kona basin and then

we'll work our way over. to the research ship will travel along the set g.p.s. coordinates for several nights. the captured zooplankton gathers in a catch back at the end of the net. and. the main thing we're interested in is how many jellyfish we have in the samples and how many fish eggs and larvae fish loving. the data has set course on the next spacek. meanwhile goober tends to his catch. a school of sticklebacks is beating on the zooplankton that he has yet to count. they have to be removed 1st. from.

under the microscope the different species of zooplankton can be identified. tiny copartners along with fish eggs a market prey for jellyfish. at every station a measuring probe is lowered into the water. this determines the oxygen and salt content along with the temperature. vertical profile of the environmental data appears on who their screen of the graphs indicates salty oxygen rich layers. it seems water from the north sea has found its way to the eastern baltic through deep channels that suggests that the warty come jellies came here on this salt water current is here as well as i have said so at the moment we don't believe this jellyfish has had a big impact on the fish populations here in the eastern baltic because it hasn't appeared on mass anywhere. good to be it will. also be

a minute dition the jellyfish doesn't show up during the main caught spawning season. so that those bosses. so no reason for concern. for nearly a gas produce disagree. because the water column jellies came to europe into migration waves. the ones that appeared for the 1st time down here in the black sea a rich knighted from the gulf of mexico he often goes from mexico well hidden being the animals we have up here in the baltic they've come from boston woods home that area. boston that's been proved genetically and means that these were 2 completely distinct invasions. so what would happen if the warty come jellies from the black sea were introduced into the baltic. killa come here they are found in large numbers in the southwest and baltic and in the kattegat between

denmark and sweden but they haven't conquered the majority of the baltic and. if we can show that the southern spaces has a different genetic repertoire and can cope with the lowest salt content then at the sudden once transferred north that could be a threat on the other hand we don't know what would happen if the southern and northern jellies were brought together we could get super potent hybrids or we could get hybrids that can't reproduce it's a very exciting question that's really significant for the future of the baltic. the scientist is bringing 40 come jellies from america the black sea and the baltic together in the lab. over the next few years she'll carry out an evolutionary and breeding experiments funded by the use marie curie program and the danish council for independent research for natural sciences. the plankton

scientist hopes to find out whether the jellyfish will continue their advance and conquer new regions. in fields on the coaches your. biologist bobby m. long works for the observer twice also on a graphic. for must see me bruce to meet an efficient scale. beautiful organism a bit like flowers of the sea with their shape and tentacles and their almost lace like you. might find them very pretty with a sort of zen way of life. on this.

anyone who speaks that positively about jellyfish must have a reason. the location of his office for example. it's from here that he decides whether it's worth capturing a few of his research objects. today's a good day. stinger is the dominant species of the mediterranean. needs a few for his experiments in the laboratory. so . terrible as people think. they've been at home in the world's oceans for more

than 600000000 years sometimes they're there in great abundance sometimes there are just a few of them but they always play an important role as predators in the ocean and they could be useful to us humans so we shouldn't think of them as being terrible even if there are sometimes too many of them we have to learn to live with them and occasionally use them. he. has an unusual idea. he sucks up large quantities of slime released by the mob sting or when it's lange its eggs and the moon jellyfish when it stressed. he kills the slime into test tubes. then he injects water polluted with nano particles into the jellyfish line. here. the result that jellyfish slime causes the nano particles to clump together thus cleaning the

polluted waters. prison and there are more and more nano particles these days in creams for example factories producing these nano particles must dispose of their waste water without polluting the environment. the jellyfish slime can be used to collect and gather all these nano particles into a bowl so that they can be gotten rid of easily in a low cost and environmentally friendly way. could this rescue the jellyfish is reputation. is also seeking to understand jellyfish is dual potential on the north sea island the public well known for decades she's been researching the reproduction strategy of skip rizzo a more true jellyfish she's being helped by divers from the alfred begun to

institute the team is going out to look for jellyfish polyps. easier to see them if there are a lot of them of course looking for tentacles that move to and fro around corals is a good way to spot them they prefer to live on the underside of substrates which means you should always look from below that will give you a better chance of finding them. there are 5 north sea species floating under the ship apart from them aphrodite compass jellyfish all the species have males and females. the sperm is released into the water and taken in by the females who carry the eggs. the fertilized eggs then turn into a jellyfish larva or plan you like. the true jelly fish and then release these plan you lay into the ocean. thanks to tiny filaments the plan stays afloat until it comes across

a smooth solid surface on to which it can attach itself. once settled the plan yella develops into a polyp. under very specific conditions these polyps will release many little jellyfish called a fire up. the a fire up grow into full sized medusa's. then the cycle starts afresh. it's an extremely effective reproductive strategy. polyps can survive for several years on the hard ground of the divers are to search. they don't have a skeleton so sandy soil moving around them would break them down that's why they need a hard substrate where they can settle safely sandy soil is no good to them or it's an innocent little thing something wouldn't if i were introducing hard substrate sim places where they used to be only send in the shape of platforms or rigs for

example. meaning wearing creasing the places where plan you can settle and develop into polyps and produce jellyfish i once went to an. offshore facilities are being built all over the world to satisfy our huge energy demands. the massive structures provide new underwater settlement areas for the polyps. even shipping markers have been colonized along with concrete harbor structures and breakwaters cry a dive along this wall reveals just how popular treatment structures are for marine inhabitants. every square centimeter is occupied.

this diver is trying to find the polyps in this jungle on the harbor is sheet piling. she takes a sample from a likely location. on her way back bumps into a lion's mane jelly fish. fortunately he's wearing a full face mask otherwise he would have been badly stuff other top of i hope it's a female with lava so we can harvest the lava and rice polyps in the lab then we can study the polyps and find out when they produce jellyfish and i'm to what conditions often. so they decided if you don't find fault with the end of the. buffer how. the jellyfish

in the sample are taken to the lab environmental conditions in the sea are changing . the reason is climate change. the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations is warming our atmosphere. the ocean absorbs the heat. in the north sea alone and encrease of 1.7 degrees celsius has been measured global warming was also a subject of the jellyfish bloom symposium in barcelona. yes present host meet jennifer purcell she's been researching the dynamic between jellyfish populations and their policies for the past 40 years. when you give them higher temperatures they produce more jellyfish. dramatically more jellyfish than they do in the cooler waters. increasing air pollution as a result of industry and traffic is leaving its mark. there's too much carbon

dioxide in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution the world's oceans have absorbed half of the carbon dioxide. gas dissolves in the oceans reducing their ph values and our oceans are becoming more acidic. all organisms with a calcium based skeleton are in danger because the acidic water dissolves limestone . jellyfish don't have a scale and therefore the acidification of the oceans isn't a problem for them they survive. jennifer herself describes further negative effects. the high amount of fertilizer used in agriculture leads to nutrients getting into the oceans via groundwater rivers. this causes phytoplankton blooms. tiny algae which forms huge carpets as can be seen from space. this bench to pull fodder produces

all the more zooplankton. it's made up of microscopically small animals and fish larvae. this is what jellyfish feed on allowing them to reproduce in great numbers this is causing you trophic conditions with loss of nutrients in the water it leads to low oxygen levels and. jellyfish are very tolerant of those conditions. at the same time the fishing industry has depleted fish populations and fish are the main food competitors of jellyfish. fishing in the baltic and the danish research boat down a. even a cursory glance tells the scientists that there are too few female caught able to spawn. they've been overfished by the baltic fishing fleets. the danes

are counting on behalf of the international council for the exploration of the sea which monitors $110.00 fish species around the world. their data is included in the annual recommendation for e.u. fishing quotas. both the young fish and the small schooling fishes like herring are eating this so plankton the little tiny animals swim around in the water so both of those are being consumed by jellyfish and fish then you're taking away the fish so that leaves more food for the jellyfish to eat. back on heligoland sabina holds tears on her way to the lab the breakwaters made of tetrapods are like a red carpet of the jellyfish larvae she finds plastic rubbish on the beach.

millions of tons of plastic waste find their way into the oceans around the world. currents keep the plastic adrift in the water for a long time and they too are welcome settlements for polyps. in the lab post examines the sample brought in by the divers. she finds what she was expecting. there amongst the algae barnacles and moss animals of the branching jellyfish polyps of the anthem a doozy. chemical and biological institute has been sending a monitoring boat out to sea almost daily since 1962. it is one of the longest

running long term marine data collection programs. the scientists collect water and plankton samples. if environmental conditions change could impact the composition of ocean plankton a change jellyfish might benefit from living through that we know that jellyfish polyps are very resistant to changes in the environment and that means that the polyps survive environmental conditions that other organisms cannot. understand about even on. the atlantic. to circuses see which is situated far off the coast of north america. danish research vessel donna is on a deal expedition. nearly a osbournes does not agree with the negative image jellyfish have together with an international team of maritime biologists plankton experts she wants to prove they

play an enormously important role in the food chain for example for the endangered european parts of taiwan a surprise that evil is becoming more expensive meals are actually at risk of extinction one possible connection that nobody is really making is that jellyfish could be a potential building block in the food chain without them we might have no more to wait by and you couldn't stand up to camp kyla. the net for catching deal larvae is raised from a depth of 250 meters. the 1st glance proves that there are many species of gelatinous plankton organisms here. amongst them the scientists discover the mysterious ill larvae that hatch here in the sargasso sea. one this size wouldn't survive in an aqua culture because nobody knows what these baby eels eat. that's why no one has ever been able to breed european

eels. the multi net is lifted on board. it gathers samples from several depths between 0 and 400 meters. plankton experts cornelia aspers skills are needed. after hours of rinsing counting classifying. it becomes clear which organisms contribute to the food chain out here as our fossil see. yeah funny. we catch small in love and cut them open we remove the stomach and use molecular methods to determine what they eat jellyfish don't have skeletons as a result they get digested immediately that makes it really hard to use normal methods like microscopes to find traces of such organisms but now we have molecular

methods so that we can find out what gelatinous organisms are in the eels stomachs we also examine which gelatinous organisms are in the water and then hopefully we can match the 2 puzzle maybe buy ins on some meds or. do we deal larvae eat jellyfish. proving that is difficult. the meticulous counting job on board is only the 1st step for the researchers. analyzing the data will take several years only then will the results be ready for publication. are jellyfish barter for the fish we eat establishing that would be a breakthrough for science. and the key not just for saving the european deal but also other endangered fish species. the jellyfish blooms symposium as an important event for exchange between scientists. jellyfish research is still in its infancy.

and uniform research methods as have been established in fishery biology are lacking. i think it's a really nice sign that there are so many young people involved now that's a very positive signs earth area a lot of postdocs and a mass of students involved but that means that there's an interest and growing interest and that is what has been lacking the past years i think we. soon need to find old why there is some growing population a some point on the plan that we find occasions about of course it needs the longest 3 days the decatur street is or even a very strong experimental street is that falls a moment i feel lucky and there is a lot of money touring. monitoring programs that are started that need

to be continued to air 80 understand what is going on. what's clear is that the mid do says are an important indicator of the decline of the oceans. a problem caused by humans. of course the jellyfish has no words to say they're human beings but the explosion of their population is just the unspoken language. that the fish the jellyfish express to us human beings as a warning sign. the mysterious world of jellyfish they've been around for over 600000000 years making them the oldest marine inhabitants on our planet so far there has never been a jellyfish takeover but the creatures unusual qualities continue to enrich the

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