$3000.00 talked to a team of british researchers who took a more optimistic view. the world. looks like they are going to work around the world really getting better. fresher report. on. this is africa and coming up in the next 15 minutes the long road back will meet the somali women who have left kenya's dadaab refugee camp to return to their homeland struggling to rebuild their not. and the sandwich generation we meet a young nigerian who say as he has a little left for himself after deducting financial support for us parents from he's meet in a story for many a to africans. because you know black families like being tied to

a salad. drain me from insured. and loves. hello i'm christine want to welcome to news africa. for many somalis the reality of life over the pa state has been war insecurity famine and seeking refuge hundreds of thousands fled the country many crossed to neighboring kenya to the dadaab refugee camp one of the largest in the world often numerous threats by the kenyan government to close the camp the united nations is trying to help somalis return to really safe areas in somalia like the town of. went to a mishap with women who have returned to somalia to try and rebuild been my.

reports from our correspondent melanie. nowadays a modest living cooking food and selling and have very own in their home country of somalia but from a life the 34 year old was a refugee in africa's largest refugee camp 300 kilometers away from here in kenya. i was born and bred few g. camp i grew up in the camp i lived there until i got here our father died our mother died. i made it here. today in somalia though large swathes of the country continued to see violent conflict certain cities taken back from also bought control by local forces seeing tens of thousands of refugees returning to the country they once called home the

last majority of red to me is from neighboring kenya have resettles here and kiss my own residence seek to overcome their violent past and build towards a hopeful future. not as husband was killed by the islamist extremists upon her return to somalia as a widow and sole carer for her 12 children noto is one of the lucky ones who was selected by regional authorities to live in a settlement on the outskirts of kismayo free housing and some services like basic healthcare are provided with her to still struggles to support her children so we. did what my son is now 17 years old he's a student here if he gets to university i don't think i'll be able to pay for it. on some days. i'm struggling to just feed my children who are orphaned.

zahra is also one of the $53000.00 returning refugees sent back to somalia with just $200.00 us dollars and a 6 month basic service package from your nature. she was not provided with housing instead she had to build herself attend sarah feels she's been left all alone with her suffering. is there anything we have not been through of this nothing we haven't experienced people robbed each other some were killed in front of you and your sisters raped right in front of you. was when your father beat and if you watch. although parts of somalia continue to take steps towards peaceful recovery resources are lacking and ongoing violence has

paralyzed efforts to support those most in need but the resilience of somali women fuels their determination to carry on despite all the hardship. that you have to be strong i learned this after watching my husband reach out to me as he was being tailed be that as it may there is nothing i haven't seen. in the law and so i'm going with. him. and not many difficulties nevertheless they are unwilling to give up on the homeland and still hope to see a brighter future. you have worked hard to get to where you are and it feels good to be reaching your goals you might not be alone enjoy your success many young professionals today feel pressurised to pay back and support extended family members who may not be as fortunate this is so-called black sex and it can be a real burden. getting ready with no running water not uncommon in many

parts of flavors especially in this rocking class neighborhood. this is home for 29 year old. he rents the 5 square meter room and has to make the most of the small space many cure pedicure he works in a small salon to get by i'm very close it is out and i said so. he can't afford to lose another client it is a rainy season and business is slow but that doesn't stop messages from home i get a message from my sister about. so. to me for one you know. i would never do it for the kids who go to school. about half of his salary goes to his sister his father and other relatives this

form of income sharing is common in nigeria without a functioning social welfare system many young people become their families sole source of income i dislike it i don't like it but you're trying to. supposed to be like that on his way to work all the bungee visits his father who lives alone he lost his job a few years ago but thanks to his son he has a warm meal of fries today without his son support he says he wouldn't survive. a. life through. hearing a jury of people like i refer to as the son of its generation because really he is in between between supporting the all the generations his father while at the same time he wants to raise a family. in order to save money. 3 to 4 clients

a day but today has been only one not enough to get a hat. and i'm going to enjoy it while you because of so much of a responsibility so. i think. the government how to find something to do today. so we can achieve our. until then the so-called sense of each generation will have to continue filling that gap. so many people in africa can relate with all of my injury in the sense that they too are sandwiched between having to support family members from the generation before them and in many cases the generation off to them to a conversation on black texas also taking place in south africa and to get more insight into that we've invited mess and dana aside a has written extensively on the subject off inequality that exists among black south africans and has also produced a documentary that is out today welcome to africa and apart from the research that

you've done in the documentary that you've produced what is your personal experience with black text so i came to this research is the 2nd generation middle class young black south african with a daughter of myself that i have to take care of and plan the future for i think i realized quite quickly that black tax for myself and for my friends was very much gendered very much racialized in the society as an equal as south africa and so i took it upon myself to investigate what did actually meant to be black in the middle class almost 25 years since the end of apartheid ok mess and so as i mentioned to all feel as your documentary is out today i want to play an extra that and they will pick up on their shirt. black tie the 1st of the financial obligation black income. tax.

you got. to get a little bit of both. go. so far. ok much that is so we've seen that illustration there but what of places that you raise in the documentary you say head that. you know what does that mean for sustainability for communities what does it mean for aspirations of young black children what questions did you arrive at what oncet sorry so one of the main says that i arrived at was that black taxes to magic and a cause of inequality in south africa so it's both a driver of inequality and the result of high levels of racialized engendered

inequality in the country so while distributions between families occur across all race groups and across all genders in south africa because of the star at the history of a party to leads to uncertainty in the ability to plan for the future the difference between lower and lower class lower middle class and upper middle class is so vast as to become meaningless so for example if we translate that the south african middle class would be earning around $300.00 euros to around $10000.00 euros per month which is a ridiculous brackets to consider and compare to and so we have a lot of people living in the black middle class that exist in vulnerability who are unable to plan for the future who are not equal to their may be colleagues and other similar race groups ok of us honestly i'm talking about the

any quality that is as a result if i did say to you correctly from black tax and i one did in that sense then what should we say policy make is due to to sort of relieve this this class of people that exist pretty much on the whole continent. so i mean and that is correct and that inequality in the continent is rising and one of the challenges policymakers are facing is that research has shown that in the context of high levels of inequality implementing social recently just repeats of policies is increasingly difficult because the those who carry the burden of tax usually influence the direction of the sea and so policymakers have a radii before inequality levels reach a crisis like in south africa to implement progress of policies in ways that allow equitable access to education to health care and to social services in ways that aren't agendas as they are in south africa and further you know one of the more

contentious ones is actually to tax in heritance to tax wealth and heritance transfers to put them into a part that can then facilitate such a distribution are at the center and dana thank you. and that's the one album d.v.d.'s africa you can catch one all story it's on our website at baseball pain next time i buy. sometimes books more exciting than a real life. 23. year old. what if there's no. drama in the streets. i'm not going to think. well i guess sometimes i am but i stand up in which the company sticks deep into the german culture of

looking at stereotypes but interesting to see from the countries that i know i'm right. here you don't seem to think for this drama there you go it's all about their new i'm rachel join me to meet the germans on the w. . post. greetings from berlin and a warm welcome to today's edition of arts and culture well there's still time to brush up your summer wardrobe and so today we'll get a handle on what's hot for gents with a fashion sense and also coming up on today's show. rachel stuart from meet the germans takes us through the in outs and peculiarities of the german health care system. and we discover the hidden city that lives underneath the

italian capital rome. well it is summer in the city and i have to say this here it is a scorcher here in berlin women of course have many many options in their summer wardrobes to keep cool but the guys seem to be generally a bit more limited or are they we checked out what men's fashion has to offer this summer. this summer on the message for fashion savvy men is to be different steps out of your comfort zone and don't be afraid to turn heads. i think for the summer man are going to have a lot more fun they're wearing more colors there are being much more daring. they're showing their away this year. and. as well. just a splash of calm.