one repeat that mistakes by facing their demons together they set an example so that rundown men learn how to show their emotions and that society learns to accept that it will be used melanie carette a ball there reporting from rwanda coming up next we've got a documentary film for you el pine twilight europe without glaciers you're watching news from berlin don't forget you can get all the latest news on our web site at www dot com i'm terry mark thanks for being with. her 1st day of school in the jungle. or 1st climbing lesson. as grandma is arrives. joining a regular chain on her journey back to freedom. in our interactive documentary.

in the renting returns home on the t w dot com tanks. the spectacular. dazzling ice against a brilliant blue sky down the arnold and his friend are extreme mountaineers here on a quest for the ultimate thrill. climbing that pits a nearly 4000 meter peak. on select and pick up position your ice axe in the window you hear the tension of the east it cracks and hisses when it breaks up the ice blocks it's really cool. to make a cool but an increasing number of scientists are warning that such adventures might soon become impossible global warming is mounting the glaziers down the arnold can see for himself the effects of climate change easy on the days when you

could really go climbing in winter that click them called 10 years ago he thought there were lots more of them female. experts say we're at a turning point there's less snow less ice and glaziers are retreating. it won't be long before the alps as we know them no longer exist. i've. stagings t.

. in spring 2018 the mood in the glazier 3000 ski resort in switzerland was euphoric even among scientists a team led by glazier experts. from the swiss federal institute of technology in zurich visits the mountains twice a year once in spring and again in autumn when the season begins. they investigate how much fresh snowfall there was in winter and the thickness of the snow cover over the ice the moss know there's been the vent of the condition of the glazier today the 25th of a hole 2018 it's in better shape than it's been for a while. more than 5 metres of snow fell in winter.

jamba itself. we've measured snow water equivalent at 7 glaciers across what's our land our measurements showed that in 2018 snow cover was well above average. and there wasn't quite as much snow depth everywhere and switzerland as there was here but it doesn't look like there was perhaps as much as 50 percent more than in a normal year sent me ya. ya. latinos course will be back in autumn. there are plenty of people who see the healthy snow fall as proof that climate change is a mess. but in europe's highest mountain ranges the evidence is all around in italy switzerland austria slovenia and germany.

the environmental research station found a house is located just beneath the peak of the. it's the highest altitude research post in germany for professor anetta mental and her students from the technical university in munich it's the starting point for an alpine expedition she tells them that they can see the signs of global warming every day high levels of pollen for example it can be potentially life threatening for people with allergies. is the one result of global warming is that the pollen season starts earlier but doesn't enter a plea or there's a lot of pollen about even in autumn due to invasive species and increased levels of carbon dioxide in the year also raises pollen production.

the. eco climatology students will meet dozens of experts on the alpine study trip . starting with michelle cloud data a scientist of international renown his area of expertise is permafrost and landslides erosion and natural hazards but often 1st we have to allow the temperature increase means the permafrost in the alps is starting to melt there is a growing risk of rock fall and mountains are simply not as cold as they used to be called blatter explains. next the group sent to see inside that. measuring the thickness of the permafrost is a bit like performing open heart surgery. or inspiring and intense. but

. this tunnel is just 50 centimeters high the scientists have to crawl on all fours. the permafrost inside the took spitzer is between a couple and a couple of dozen meters thick depending on the side temperatures nowadays it's possible to measure it precisely the rock is illuminated with countless electrical sensors increasingly less rock inside the mountain is permanently frozen even here at germany's highest peak the permafrost is visibly thawing. cynicism science. we've been observing a clear reduction in the permafrost since february of 2007 so more than a decade ago the occasional cold winter can slow the process slightly but over the years we've seen the thought i advance rubble and rock stabilize the ice in the critical areas where. the thought has set in but we have to keep

a careful eye on it in case instabilities arise later. alpine instability the residents of the small village of bondo in the swiss cam town of carbon can know all too well what that can mean. verizon is is saying goodbye to her parents' home the house she spent her whole life in it has to be demolished. in the guinness one when i see my house dying this slow death it makes me very sad. i'm ready to leave now senior for this. in summer 2017 a massive landslide that pits change alone brought 3000000 cubic meters of rock crashing down into the valley. whose desperate i suddenly heard this terrible noise i looked up at the mountain and saw huge chunks of rock

cascading down the side of it it looked like a larva but moving very slowly and soundlessly it was ice water and soil a hardly. a surveillance camera at a local carpentry business recorded these images. 8 hikers were killed part of the village was destroyed the landslide was a result of climate change. they used to be houses here now there's just rubble. hell verizon as his house was full of boulders and rocks. it's in the prohibited area of the village where people are no longer allowed to live. 82 year old elvira zionists had to leave bondo she moved in with her son in a neighboring village her house was 345 years old her great grandfather bought it.

recently that the house before the good is that. amount found was initially i was just very sad i cried a lot of see how the city i was glad that i was there when it was torn down. it's the same as it is with people you don't let people die alone i didn't want my home to die alone the ones they have been us. ready the $200.00 residents of bondo are still at risk another $3000000.00 cubic metres of rock fall from pits jenga low could hit the village at any time. montagnier

are left there but that the mountain has a fever they say here. was the landslide that devastated bondo a one off are such disasters set to become more frequent to answer these questions professor michel a car blatter has put together a team of scientists today they're heading to what they believe is one of the most intriguing spots in the entire house. the helicopter has hardly any room to land here on the whole for the border between germany and austria runs over the summit not far from over a stop. in 2014 a crack appeared in a mountain that has since widened there is an acute risk of rock for one of 2 paths

at the top of the mountain has been closed off. an aerial view reveals the full extent of the danger several hundreds of thousands of tons of rock could hurtle into the valley. collecting data at an altitude of 2600 meters is a risky undertaking what could happen if the summit collapses doesn't bear thinking about. it if it's part of it because there's about 260000 cubic meters of rock mass we began taking measurements here in 2014 and since then it's moved 30 centimeters right now it's moving several millimeters a month i need. to from what i want to deformations underway are so strong and can change in such a short space of time that it won't be long now well it could all come crashing

down this year or next year or next we can't rule that out i mean. the ounce or effectively held together by permafrost not just here in al going germany and bondo switzerland but everywhere. the cracks are showing literally in the alpine itll. today the students are visiting scree slopes it wasn't long ago that these were covered in snow all year round. europe's high nanton regions are highly sensitive to climate change they react to the slightest rise in temperature by even a 10th of a degree to any extended period without rain to every interference in nature with dramatic consequences. the temperature is rising and then there are a lot of activities of which only going to hurt so musically it's hard

it's going to lead us even more in the future for example if you're using fields if you solve it on the planet it's going to affect the not only the same country that it's going to if you know believe this is that matters to me because it affects my . the future the future of my children and the whole ecosystem of that one so you can sustain moving i love nature i love being outside and that's why i want to learn about all this and find out what the future holds in mountain region what sort of nevada i see of seeing things here and then if if i can transfer the technology or the knowledge that i have gained here or there that i will leave that we can lower the. climate we can mitigate not exactly or we cannot do anything but adapt to the climate change happening.

with it's all year round snowy cap's germany's highest mountain is a major tourist attraction. but it says glazier is no longer growing it's melting away by 2040 at the latest it will have retreated completely. snowplows scraped together the last of the winter snow it's stored in snow depth past at the start of the new season it will be used to get the beasts ready that

way the season can get started as early as possible but the lack of snow is becoming increasingly problematic in 2018 even with snow farming the skiing season couldn't start in november because the temperatures on the took spitzer were just too warm. i. even results in high altitudes now rely on artificial snow which is water and energy intensive. demand is so great that ski lift operators sometimes buy snow from private suppliers almost every village in the alps is dependent on tourism therefore on snow. keeping the visitors happy is all that matters whatever the cost no $1.00 wants the party to be over.

ready in summer the cost of all of that fun is written into the landscape. the resort of silver platter is located above the slopes a little with countless snow machines maintaining the resort is a huge financial investment the damage wrought by tourism is substantial. hydrologist common to yonge from the university of strasbourg researches the effects of artificial snow on the alps even she is taken aback by the extent of the erosion caused by winter sports given the here this channel is very wide almost 2 metres you can tell from where i'm standing that it's really deep is the ground is eroding completely there are channels all over the slopes big and small.

the young ones to establish if the ground can still absorb water she measures the density of the soil the snow cats and the heavy artificial snow have left us soil extremely compacted. next it's a struggle deposition a measuring rod she's never seen results like these before. this possibility and all the water will just flow off the surface as a result the pieced will be completely impermeable the water flowing here doesn't get absorbed it just runs off the surface and causes widespread erosion i. would feel this is normally a really pretty meadow with permeable ground that's able to absorb water or. get new snow machines are being installed all over the alps like here in santa

maria it's where 2 kilometers of pipeline a being late ski piece song created ever high altitudes for many resorts it's the only way they can survive the costs are exploding and eventually many ski lift operators simply won't be able to afford to stay in business winter sports industry is being outstripped by climate change. the production of artificial snow calls for vast quantities of water. manmade reservoirs are fed with melt water and mountain streams water that's needed elsewhere unique landscapes are being altered beyond recognition and gradually destroyed so she could be to use a new resorts are not insured against climate change if there's a temperature rise of one or 2 degrees then there is no guaranteed snow cover here she could be to me and there's no proper ski season anymore. i mean she's since all

the type. according to the latest studies we may see a temperature increase of 4 degrees celsius by the end of the century for the time being there are 630 ski resorts across the alps from slovenia to france by 208580 percent will likely have no more guaranteed snow cover and will therefore shut down a study conducted by the swiss federal institute of technology in zurich predicts that they'll only be natural snow cover up words of an altitude of 2400 meters. but despite this gloomy outlook many ski lift operators are failing to react many jobs depend on the winter sports industry but while they look the other way the unique natural world of the alps is slowly but surely degrading.

the fledgling climatologists are now on their way to the lake fashion power plant its waters flow through the pipelines 200 meters down the mountainside to lake and powers turbines. the increasing scarcity of water originating from high altitude sources is a harbinger of potential desert if occasion in parts of the alps melt water is especially in short supply on the edges of the alps in up above area in the past the water level in the lake fashion had to be deliberately reduced there was a risk of flooding due to the vast amount of melt water in the spring. so we have for years there used to be so much snow melt here that we had to make room for it in the lake wanted support for a while now there's been much less which makes the lake can absorb it so we don't need to reduce the water level and this we can think of. everything here in the alps is linked power generation and water supply. rising

temperatures and the increased incidence of rockfall. the thawing permafrost under developing a ridge ity. for years eco climatologist aneta mansoul has been taking students on study trips to the alps . how much has the situation here changed in that time. it was not definitive so well we definitely need to worry in alpine regions the temperature has already risen 2 degrees celsius. that's a bigger increase than in the lowlands and a lot more than the global average that my forecasts back this up there will be more of a temperature rise here than in surrounding regions and that's why there are such massive changes in nature from the glaciers to the forests from hydrology to water supply. for example all trees require

a specific temperature to flourish as temperatures rise ideal tree habitats and now at high altitudes. it i did i was moved to i was that means is to be where the temperature suits them they actually need to be $500.00 metres higher up the slopes than they are that includes tree species suited to mountain peaks but the problem with that is they can't be $500.00 metres higher up because obviously they're already at the summit so we're going to go back in there and see what's. there's no shortage of evidence that the alpine environment is changing here in austria teams of specialists work tirelessly to avert landslides. disasters are becoming increasingly common not only landslides but also to renshaw rain and flooding. climate change is also causing periods of sustained drought and heat which leads to forest fires such as here in peak mount italy in october 27th

teen. aggravated by strong hot and dry winds wild fires raged across the region for weeks on end some 1000 people were evacuated from their homes including 200 residents of a retirement home. grown out of bruno was in charge of dozens of firefighters from across the region who battled the inferno one of the worst hit areas was outside the small town of mam pantera the flames were up to 100 metres high recalls bruno many houses were completely destroyed even i am parts melted in the blaze. if you meant then in fairness or if i meant that he it was an inferno it was bad enough for the people in the valley you could see it raging for them but it was worse for the people who were nearer for those involved in trying to put it out there were

some highly critical moments because situation was dangerous because of the ones you'd think you were safe but then the wind would turn and suddenly you'd be surrounded by flames. but there is pressure and if you. were the amount of forest destroyed by wildfire in italy in 2017 was 3 times greater than in the previous year in periods of extreme heat or it takes is one tiny spark to start a huge conflagration. roona says that 70 percent of mom pantera was destroyed this forest will never regenerate were. not wished the earth or sold them and the industries can't is salvage if

they're not deciduous trees they could recover they're completely charred there's nothing you can do but chop them down which if you're from the city of sonora but the main. devastation on the scale is unprecedented in the region not even the older firefighters have ever seen anything like it. since if climate change carries on at this rate and there are no longer drive periods in the summer and less and less snow in the winter then the situation is only going to get worse with an average or. people in engadine and switzerland are also struggling with drier conditions for. centuries local farmers have been relying on melt water to irrigate their fields but melt water has

become a finite resource. greater denser meanwhile relies on rain water between february and august there was hardly any rain his meadow is completely parched. as you can see it's as dry as hay. nothing's grown since may. the grass should be needy but this time of year and the cows will soon be coming down from the mountain meadows. while. his cows are still grazing in pasture at an elevation of 1900 metres but there too the ground is far too dry. and the cows aren't getting enough to drink in the summer of

2018 their supply had almost completely dried up. every drop is precious. greater don't search the cattle regularly he fears for the future of his alpine pasture. i've got 90 cows and the cows. and the water here isn't even enough for a single. if there's not enough water the cows grazing last and then produce less milk. clouds are gathering it looks like it might rain. but no it's yet another dry day

the farmer has to rely on an alternative source of water. right now this is the only way of ensuring a water supply on the meadow the helicopter delivers 700 liters a go and it takes several trips to fill up the well at a cost of 1300 euros. it's only enough for $4.00 to $5.00 days. for farmers like rater don't surf water has become a critical issue there's not enough for that animals to drink and there's not enough to keep the meadows green and that means not enough animal feed. failed to go. we aren't going to have enough animal feed for the coming winter. so either we can buy in feed which is very expensive or we reduce our cattle all.

of them based on. their age or don't so had no choice but to slaughter some of his animals this year. farmers ski resorts tourist nature everyone and everything needs water and it's running out hydrologist common dion is measuring natural evaporation the results are alarming. she says the climate has become as dry as the sun held region in the sahara because little rain and large scale evaporation. distribution of water will become an increasing challenge in dry alpine valley years old fart is will have to do the best they can. so in some confidence but. they are in pain the future there will be more and more bottlenecks. are simply won't be enough water to irrigate all the meadows i suspect there have to be stricter

partitioning. like in dry countries in africa top end on in africa so definitely. descent into the underworld ice climber donny arnold is exploring inside the plan martin glassie has an account on a ban in switzerland. deep in the grass he finds spectacular rock and dice formations. not many people have ever been down here about anything that danny can get to the very bottom only

because the ice is solid enough this permafrost is thousands of years old. the year . he says steep and dangerous climb back out our unique experience. it might not be possible to do this in the foreseeable future. the smoke without the actual makes me think if you bear in mind that researchers say that none of this will be here any more and 90 years time. or more glaciers maybe that's pretty tragic isn't it this is so new continued even with all this year. the arch glance here in valet switzerland is the largest in the ounds. 20 kilometers long and in parts nearly one kilometer fake.

of a from the swiss federal institute of technology in zurich is researching this massive natural wonder will it survive. in the prince furniture we can't really do anything because now the glacier is reacting to is a shift in the climate was an increase of temperatures that we had in for the ninety's so it means that evan if we don't whatever happened in the future in terms of climate signature would keep retreat by at least 5 kilometers in time and what would happen if temperatures rose by 4 degrees as experts now predict. the young jew very has calculated that by the end of this century the last year could have almost completely disappeared. so in free i mean if we assume that it's very much in the us right you know cure it's most likely that

there will be very little ice by 2100 in that it's obvious that here in this landscape there would be no more ice no longer ice at the end of the sunshine. the concordia alpine hot is situated a few kilometers higher up for the last few years it's been run by christophe saga and his family today he's getting it ready for the summer season.

it can accommodate $155.00 gas alpine hikers skinners and glazier enthusiastic from all over the world thanks to its panoramic views the concordia heart is one of the most popular alpine hostels in europe. it's the most beautiful place in the world to work i know other alpine huts that are lovely but to me this is just the most amazing place in the world to work in. but it's under threat.

halfway down steep metal steps kristoff saga points out the evidence that the our niche is dying. for us and it's a war that has the 100 was originally built on the spot and 877 back then the glacier reached roughly the point we're standing at so in the course of 140 years everything beyond that point has melted. but if. it's retreated about 150 meters it's. 150 meters in 140 years about a meter a year. the ice is melting faster sometimes 2 sometimes 3 meters a year. the

on edge across his days are numbered. tourism in the alps needs to change and become more gentle and sustainable. in some regions this shift is already happening in slovenia for example.

rafting in the picturesque and low god valley. in the. the countryside here is a dick. i . slovenia hasn't always been on the tourist map but its popularity is growing as a destination for alpine tourists who respect the environment. jennifer and josh come from alaska this is their 3rd vacation in slovenia they love its unspoiled nature. and then also on the far.

we we tend to look for someplace that's off the beaten path edges is that the type of i think you are and so we see just a little bit of research and we decided that this sounded like a good place to perhaps explore 3 years ago and we came and we were delighted there's this country it's small but it seems to have almost anything you would want to find anywhere in the rest of europe. and. like jennifer and josh a growing number of tourists are looking for landscapes off the beaten path that flourished naturally places that don't need snow machines in winter and a left barren in summer slovenia is exactly what they're after. fly fishing in the crystal clear waters of likes of india. 400 kilometers northwest in response to roll on the border to up above area this is where the

climatology students 4 day excursion aims they're not really here to learn how to catch fish but about how increasingly warm waters are affecting fish stocks many species can't survive. here wanted to order this in the field where the impact of climate change in the alps is impossible to overlook. the business of this and what i find especially worrying is that many people don't seem to want to believe it's happening or they don't care. even though it's visible all around the voice i believe that it is the south glaciers and for the alps we all have as much water flowing downstream as the rivers like this right here. this will be a minimum environmental impacts with the south not in whispers over the side to restore it it is stiffer sales of what things don't look good but there's no point being pessimistic it's more constructive to be optimistic and to take the lessons we've

learned here and use them personally and professionally to do what we can know the facts and to fight climate change as much as we can and to try to stop it was that . there has always been human intervention in the alps it's been farmed pozen roads have been built on the slopes villages in the valleys have grown sometimes on spots that are now high risk the people who live here will have to adapt to dry a hotter conditions and a future without i.c.'s. i've . heard. it was. in mid september glazier expert marty as hers and his team pan up a visit to glazier 3000 their findings in april but positive how are things looking

now. at. the ground crackles and hisses as the research is make their way to ban measuring cats that's not a good sign for glazier crossing is dying or the snow that should be covering it is gone in the space of just a few months. i was going to put it. when we were here in april there was an incredible snow cover 5 meters deep crater the snow was the 2nd compact just think about it 5 meters of snow 3000 meters above sea level has melted in the course of a summer. of thought that was possible to make me feel old. 5 meters of snow and 1.3 meters of lazio.

the melting of the glaziers is irreversible. mathias was says watching his beloved glaziers die it's nothing less than a tragedy. nicole india enough of all this embarrassment mensuration is still a taboo subject in india and feminine hygiene products are hard to find one troop wants to change this by many freshman senator. and so when the door to door.

he explained to them that she's trapped inside a flaw for. 30 minutes. millennialists do some things a bit differently and other things very differently. the older generation on the labor markets. are focused not on confidence fen optimistic and it was nothing less than to change the world. reject the post of generation wife made in germany 90 minutes on d w. if you ever have to cover up a murder the best way is to make it look accident. raring to.

never read a book like this or. just. the streets. this is live from our land germany tightens its laws on migration and asylum 18 to make it easier to deport more failed asylum seekers now many fear that their time will soon be up and that they will be forced to leave but why do so many of the 14 failed. also coming up the former c.e.o.

of the german car manufacturer audi has been charged over his role in the diesel emissions scandal plus the us democratic.