man swallowed it tears that's a local problem here in rwanda which reflect the dangerous side men are expected to deal with their pain and grief alone in silence and internally although the country is hailed as a role model reconciling with its violent past toxic image of let's continue to persist and continues to have the healing process of it's me a population. away from social pressures and the least and i'm glad they have found a safe space to reconcile and work on the psychological. therapy helped. because we used to fear each of. them whenever i saw a person i had wronged. i could feel my heart racing. we have no problems with the perpetrators anymore because they are part of the

families of social therapy and. when we meet now we are the same we have the same heart. but. the men have the same use social therapy group hope to contribute to the healing of their country so that future generations won't repeat their mistakes by facing their demons together they set an example so that rundown men learn how to show their emotions and their society learns to accept that. for a powerful story did talk about this process of healing i'm joined now from southern germany by dr thomas t. is a neuropsychologist and has worked to help victims of conflict and trauma dr albert it's good to have you on the show you have worked with conflict victims in rwanda congo and in afghanistan to name just a few places how important is it in the healing process for for people to talk

about past atrocities i think it's very important to understand what has happened and what is actually straight some dangers in the prisons and the only way we really can't process it is talking about it and you have to talk about your thoughts your motions you feelings and also about you sensations we know that in the end in the fall well from the genocide of rwanda. there were massive changes in the legal framework of the country it is now illegal for example to talk about or to write about ethnicity in that legal environment how in the world can we expect people to open up about their nightmares that came from the genocide. i cannot see how the legal framework really is the problem here you are not allowed to officially notice whether you're outta

work but people still know it i asked the people how do your children know they said well one is an aunt or an uncle and the other one isn't so it is very well known it's just simply not good in birds but i cannot see how that would be an obstacle who are telling what has happened well of course you mention you are in tennessee i. imagine you have killed people with a mushy where you have beaten them to death or you have stabbed them would you be in a position to talk about this to other people i think nobody would usually yeah i mean that's a good point to make and it's hard to imagine to how people perpetrators or victims how they would deal with something like this especially when we're talking about 25 years after the fact we hear that men deal with emotions differently than women

is that true when it comes to dealing with a huge trauma like the rwandan genocide. it is true that men were primarily the perpetrators also there were also some women but the majority were maimed and they can talk about themselves in like in former club blue club so full of combatants like veterans to invest in countries but they would not talk if you if you meet somebody from a war zone let's say a german soldier an american soldier they don't talk you about with you about what has happened in the war how the killed other people and the same thing is true for rhonda. i don't think that it is really much different between men and women women don't talk either they don't talk about their perpetration of they don't talk about

their race. served very difficult situation you have to create the space for them so that they can open up well dr thomas are we appreciate you taking the time to try to help us understand this is valuable insights tonight into a very difficult subject to thomas albert thank you yeah thank you for your interest. and finally the brazilian president has raised some french follicles if you will after he reportedly skipped a meeting with france's foreign minister to you guessed it get a haircut so your bull sonata was due to meet with the french foreign minister but he cancelled last minute only to be seen a little later why streaming on facebook from the barbershop it's all being seen in france as a deliberate snub by the hardline brazilian leader he was at odds with paris and many other nations over climate policy they're calling it the blow dryer blow it

will. are the days almost on the conversation continues online or find us on twitter and you can follow me at t.v. don't forget to use our hash tag the day every member whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day we'll see you then of the. economies can't function properly even in times of demand without skilled work.

machine adequate housing. with food shortages. scarcity is increasingly making things difficult for companies and entire economy what's causing and what can be done to combat the problem. next d.w. . it happens every day everywhere in the world as soon as he'd come home he'd start beating me even when i was pregnant he threw me onto the bed and he beat me as hard as he could violence against women because men think it's a really. misdemeanor a violation of human rights for all the world to see in 45 minutes.

how about taking a few risks you could even take a chance on what. don't expect happy ending. cause. it's. what secrets lie behind these me. find him and most of experience and explore passon eating and cultural heritage sites. the d.w. world heritage for 60 years.

alone a very warm welcome indeed to focus on europe with me peter craven and europe with its huge appetite for electricity is increasingly shifting to renewable energy sources which in turn means that it needs more and more raw materials like copper electron mobility for instance is unthinkable without it and copper is in growing demand for solar wind and geothermal energy systems because of its excellent properties as an electrical conduct all of which is good news for spain with its large copper reserves in the south western region of under lucio but 2 decades ago a burst dam at a mine in the area triggered an environmental disaster now activists and go to herders like leo moderato fear history could repeat itself. now you. cannot let us go to graze anymore. in the flood plains of sun look out

of la your it's been prohibited for over 20 years. back then one of spain's biggest environmental catastrophes happened in a copper mine just a few kilometers upstream. from. there are going on forever tornado i came here and everything was back in the middle of the mail a black mud that i love you so much pain from up there you know where the mine is a all of this was flooded into the river and then type claim to a movie or you thought ok well john i thought. people 25th 1908 and i snuck out and alysia the dam for the collecting base of brakes highly toxic much a byproduct of copper production floods the valley for up to 60 kilometers threatening to destroy a nature reserve. cultivation has stopped here ever since and the

pasture along the river has become a restricted area. if you look at oahu i know. this homes as follows of course. we live off our fields the cattle is not allowed up there anymore. so we need to buy fota and confine the animals and i would like. now ecologist saying the end of the sea and copper region is facing a new threat 60 kilometers to the northwest you see daughter or other but they are expects the worst. i mean document there i mean unfortunately we have information from experts saying that the dems of the mine in rio tinto on safe he said no i said with you there's no safety there i mean i've been bormann. the open pit mining to be a dog is 10 times the size of the one in i think and it's run by an international corporation. in seeking to increase production by 50 percent. were not allowed to

film on site so easy dr i but they are shows us the reservoirs. underneath a solid layer on the surface there is liquid mud. and i want to know what we want to hear some very acidic and that's been contaminated heavily through copper production if the dams break then a much bigger catastrophe could happen then 20 years ago. in the village next door nobody wants to believe the scenario most families here lived off mining until the factory closed for 15 years mining has restarted 3 years ago and many are happy to just have their jobs back i love you know i mean our lives have been reinvigorated by the opening of the mine that i grew off a model with all its modern technology how could i not think that we're not. going to say it the ecologist simply keep pushing anything and everyone. the mayor defends the mine too she even downplayed the procedural error they put curd during

the reopening and that's been confirmed by a court. on the base in the whole thing with such a project one needs to stick to the deadline so that people can present their concerns. this deadline required by law it was not met. but no environmental laws were broken it's simply a procedural matter i mean they will both of you mean to me that they were. the end to lucien regional government justifies its decision in the same manner and was not willing to be interviewed. meanwhile the mind keeps running in the eyes of a college just this is scandalous watching from a feel the citizens went and form sufficiently and hardly had any time to object everyone once of the best technologies to be used for the construction of these reservoir as long as open. it's not completely legal the pitch would actually not be allowed to be run. but business is booming copper is increasingly in demand

for crisis ridden spain a valuable resource is seen as a chance in life with its contaminated soil mining is supposed to recommit soon. because the goat herds downstream have the reservations concerning these developments. later moreno is happy to see employment return to the region the cannot comprehend how easily international corporations are allowed to exploit the earth. air command their own then it's money that runs the show and we must subordinate ourselves with that's all economy 1st they're not in favor of the hour they are going to mean. they are moreno in his colleagues know exactly what they're talking about. when it comes to safety they say no price is too high. a politician should learn from the disaster and prevent risking a new one. because. well

this is how europe looked 30 years ago the continent was divided down the middle into nato and the warsaw pact west and east germany and of course west indies but then people talk to the streets in a peaceful revolution and in our special summer series marking the 30th anniversary of the fall of the iron curtain the spotlight this week is on germany 2 men who witnessed history unfolding from close up. this is all that's left of the infamous berlin wall some graffiti and neglected grass. these 2 men born in what was then east germany helped bring it down. well and yon on the left was extradited to west germany he helped get footage of the east german

protests onto west german television and protested when doing so was still extremely dangerous but this can destroy the fall of the berlin wall was not a gift it was something people achievement big top of the ship and can be proud of that the small challenges we face today are nothing compared to this. victory. but disagrees fundamentally the legacy photographer documented the radical transformation of east germany his pictures show the effects of germany's rapid reunification and what was effectively east germany submission to the west. germany insisted on its own way of doing things most east germans lost their jobs and the country they had lived in vanished. the work we lost all faith and everything to do with the east we thought west german milk and sugar was better than our own even their people were superior. many west germans wanted to

profit for example those who judged one of the east germany's beauty pageants it was held in life 6 just 2 months after the berlin wall came down as adama. back then i was shocked by how these human bodies were suddenly being exploited for capitalist game. we need to know looking at these pictures today they seem like an allegory of east germany's demise . the ladies got dressed up as a given code gave it everything they had really. took and less fat stupid jersey god just sat there smoking cigars and grading them everything had begun so we'll crowd shouted we are the people it was rulon and andrea smetana

tobar $9989.00 it's the most decisive rally at the time of just one month before the berlin wall came down it was. a bit of thing to mock all this footage was shot by friends risking a lot of. cameras into eastern germany my friends took over the secret police and climbed the leipzig church how about 5 of the army had taken up positions in the side streets backed up by tanks east germany was on the verge of civil war. and i was open base in greece some reason we were pushed to the front off to the front row. that hadn't been our plan. so begin the them lot you know when the protest march started we linked ours as we had seen people do in the movies. we thought that's just what you do but after a while we realized that the police and the army were not intervening they just let us march. last and the news of the next day footage shot by

roland's friends ended up on the west german news it became obvious east germany's days were numbered. and i don't know let's work back from reporting from leipsic protests just didn't know foreign reporters could capture this footage 70000 took to the streets and. one of the 1st east german leaders to fall was head of the secret police the. from his headquarters he had overseen a vast informers network never would he have imagined that his office would one day be a tourist attraction. he used this safe to store compromising documents on east german leader eric. carr here. standing in arish milkers former headquarters makes clear just what great symbolic meaning because we have visitors from 40 different countries who admired germany for having toppled the dictatorship and for

being this brave it sends a strong signal and creates hope. today roland ian is in charge of east germany's does he files he shows us the cellar where there are endless rows of them germany was able to salvage most of them making them accessible to former victims of the east german regime. andrius ross depreciates this former east german communist party members informers were not treated with leniency after the fall of the wall. but he thinks other big mistakes were made to this day many east germans feel they are not treated equally and he says it was recognized too late that eastern germany has a problem with right wing extremism and xenophobia. lost his use of this for at 1st we chanted we are the people who look to them we are one people ok which is still acceptable but when this change into the belief that foreigners should leave

germany something definitely went wrong. ok. the berlin wall came down 30 years ago but to this day the country still isn't truly united that will take more than one generation. and we go to croatia now where all 4 of these are being accused of turning a blind eye to so-called push backs of migrants and asylum seekers trying to get into the country from neighboring bosnia there's growing evidence that people who do manage to cross the border at places like velika show a simply being dumped back in bosnia often violently all of which is illegal for an e.u. member state so to find out more we're joined currently no rubella who works for a refugee support group. can only know who provides assistance for refugees. she's just arrived in could do so on croatia's border with bosnia responding to

a call from a colleague jack. and injured refugees an urgent need of help. getting yeah these instruments. and that's what there anything to do. to try to think about thanks ready to take the bus to get it back to you tonight. from the bosnian oath or it is a banned refugees from using public transportation limiting their freedom of movement makes them easier to monitor. but he said. typically pakistani companies butlers are going with smugglers i mean for us but it would save in the past 2 months this has become a hot spot for her other people other demographics leaving money stranded in them than the us also for pushback from growing. they head for a village on the border around 13 kilometers from delicate lucia

a house standing empty since the bosnian war now says is a shelter for injured refugees. you know that it's a simple ok has to see a doctor immediately. i was stopped at the border they said stop stop. then a croatian policeman hit me in the face with his gun and the floor i fell in lay on the ground then he took his baton and started beating me with it. of credit over. the injured man is lamine up our catch of algeria. the helpers drove him to a village in secret even transporting refugees in private vehicles is forbidden carolyn intends to document the physical abuse to use it as evidence. the problem is we can't take any action against our police here in croatia even so

i think it's important to record everything he's seen. many in the official refugee camp in belich a clue should say they've been pushed back illegally and the situation here is reaching critical mass. earlier this summer 32 people in the camp are injured in a fire thought to be caused by a hot plate the people save themselves by jumping from windows. only taking at most 700 of the 8000 refugees stuck inside impoverished bosnia-herzegovina overcrowding in other towns along the border is even worse. carolyn moves on to zagreb she's horrified at what's happening along croatians border croatian police have been pushing refugees back into bosnia this video from 2018 is said to be picked illegal pushbacks the accusation still stand today. even this unbelievable video has left the croatian government cold they know every

trick to shoot down every criticism of the corrosion border police. the astonishing . there has been allegations of systematic mistreatment of refugees at the border guards and i am a full of i have great confidence in our police the croatian officers in the region along our border with bosnia are doing an outstanding job. there on alert day and night to protect our country and the entire european union biblical with give it you know of faith. but people like carolyn are from the are you serious and geo for refugees in zagreb are coming under increasing pressure and now someone has smashed up the n.g.o.s vehicle. but as this is only the conic the croatian government is treating us almost like criminals. one of us was put before a judge and convicted because he offered to help refugees. the government's watching us and making life difficult for us. everyone knows that every move

against us is politically motivated. or. back in the bus in village of storage carlina's come to have another look at the mean the injured refugee as soon as the pain subsides his group hopes to make another attempt at crossing the croatian border. i don't have a good feeling. obviously the e.u. is turning a blind eye to what's happening here on this border full of violence. and the refugees are taking ever greater risks to cross into croatia the situation at the gates of the e.u. is deteriorating fast.