since they've been humans aloof. off the mysterious it's. a skiff your modern our tough story it's our kashmir remains on lockdown after india revoked its special status as the crisis deepens actress that has expelled india's of the pastor and suspended for a doctor. i'm dr thomas for the entire team thanks for being here every day will join you again at the top of the hour. her 1st day in school. her 1st climbing lesson and then doris grand moment arrives. jointly ranting on her journey back to freedom. in our interactive documentary during an orang utan returns home on d w dot com

tanks. i think it will be a very early in the morning so as to feel the energy of the water. the water washes away all the bad things from our bodies and that's why we bathe very early so we can work. on it that my name is to peano of the a while the petite. i'm the son of the chief adi da and that's because. the

amazon basin often called the green lung of our planet has been inhabited for centuries by hundreds of different ethnic groups. the nearly 6000000 square kilometers of rain forest extends over 9 countries in south america. live in brazil shingo indigenous park the largest national park created to protect indigenous peoples they are devoted to protecting the threatened rain forest. as frontline witnesses of the effects of climate change their voices have joined a chorus of scientists who say that saving amazonia is a matter of the utmost urgency. in the future leader of the year one a pretty people. now carry on my father's struggle that i grew up with my father struggled to protect nature. and fought for the land and

to keep the river clean. those are my father's goals. because i was raised with them i must continue or struggle and think of the future of my children. just missed. the i want to keep population is growing once again today. so you all up to a month. years ago the all the pretty nearly died down. there were only 7 people left. among the 7 was my grandfather pyro and his brother sorry your. son but me a handful in the 1960 s. the young p.t. have now increased their numbers to several 100 but the future is uncertain. tabbies father i return a is the cause seeking the chief of the tribe. we have

gathered here and i will name the names of the 1st whites we met. a lot more. and cloudy oh the last 4 years they put this land in our hands so we must take care of it. i return to witness the disastrous effect of the 1st contact between tribal peoples and european settlers decades ago. the settlers brought with them infectious diseases to which the indians had no immunity. set exposure wiped out numerous try . to push began to protect the rainforest people from extinction. and activists including the villas boas brothers demarcated the lands of local tribes on the shingle river which became a national park in 1961. and.

the. north sea. this footage from 1973 shows the quadruped ritual with which the indigenous people of the uppish in good river honor the souls of their ancestors. the ancient ceremony is still carried out today. this is just a year after the death of the old. the p.t. begin the ceremony lasting several days to liberate the spirits of the departed. the giant flutes are the voice of the souls of the forest. song drives away evil spirits. teach pain their bodies will be ok just such.

you. how. the tribes people have come to accept that they have to struggle to in order to preserve their. savvy has left the tribe to study in the city. as he has returned for the quadruped festival of the day. i live on the coast and by shot a scientist to see good i've been here a week and i've been doing a lot of fishing and this week i've caught about 100 fish with similar.

to move. in the world outside the shingle reserve there's no more respect the rivers are being abused the fish are being decimated. they want to destroy everything. it would break my heart if we lost our land in their mind. i want to return here but i have to study more because i want to show the community what i've learned in the city who have been doing the flood i thank you thank. you thank you thank. you thank you. in the center of the village it's time for the villages to start stamping to awaken the dead.

rupe is one of the major festivals in the tribal world but in this day the villages are uneasy. pims of smoke coming dangerously close and threatening to disturb the age old ritual. calling firefighters. police come to the village to put out a fire would be i came out of the. forest fires are among the greatest danger is not only in the shingle reserve but in all of the amazon basin. the fire is often said deliberately for big land avenues who want to

tear the forest and use the land for cattle grazing all monoculture crops. some of them much the best again this is the strategy we adopt the fire is moving towards the village in the center of the village is an area without hot. we have to get the front under control that is heading for the beach so if it gets too close the straw roofs will catch fire which would be a disaster. then i see the tree there standing alone can be reached on foot one of the best let's go. in the drive period from june to october the amazon basin is ringed by wildfires. in 2016 a massive and on was raised to make the worst drought in 50 years. the person they've been working here for a year on your feet when they come when we need how it really.

is cooking the fire burns up part. edition all medicinal plants and the resources we use that is but i get it you don't. like. the firefighters have limited means at their disposal the brigade of young indigenous men has only rudimentary equipment. to do so by sure i am a mule to upon shall i belong to a firefighter's but ate from brasilia i am here to supervise the brigade from the shingle national park. live . music every couple of the situation is alarming that if you don't get the wildfires are destroying many hectares of forest products will want to. come and help.

the last resort to prevent the worst it's just also count a fire in the underbrush. from i would think we call this ping a fire we open up a line of defense and the ping of fire serves as a counter fire in the hole. it runs counter to the main fire and that way we can control the entire defense line level up about a nuke we deploy before you feel. the

centuries the indigenous peoples cleared land by bending safety. by the high levels of moisture in the forest the rainfall has now reduced that natural fire protection . now there are fears that much of the rain forest could turn into a savannah. to measure the effects of climate change on the amazon basin a research center was set up in the rain forest. the amazonian tool tower observatory opened in 2015 is several hours drive from. the movie my name is antonio monsey i'm a meteorologist and my specialty is the interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere over the past years my work has mainly focused on the effect of greenhouse gases and their exchange between the atmosphere and the surface of the ground. on the

world and we're heading to the r 2 tower the tallest weather observatory in the amazon it was built to hold the equipment that measures the interaction between the tropical rainforest and the atmosphere and the effects on the climate in the region are going to go on the most you can be more than a. 325 meter high tower rises above the forest canopy the unique metal construction supports measuring instruments designed to monitor one of the most sensitive ecosystems on our planet.

jim and meteorologist stefan vase is part of the mission designed to predict imus odious future. her. response you've got to screen to sink we can see as far as 40 to 50 kilometers at certain times of the day she should fight we collect a lot of different data depending on whether it's the rainy or dry season and i think i say we don't just want to see the difference between the seasons we want to find out whether there are long term changes sui for example see how much the c o 2 concentration will rise in the coming years you know sun is giving i would have a little bit with this tower we aim to monitor the ecosystem over the long term and

to follow the developments of global climate change over a period of 10 to 20 years that stem the rise in c o 2 concentration in the atmosphere the rise in temperature the probable changes in the amount and intensity of precipitation and how all that affects the ecosystem of the amazon rain forest and its relationship to the atmosphere that will succeed in this what is does that tell us somebody will say out of almost one year that most often the amazon region faces many threats today yes i have no problems one of them is manmade deforestation into my one and however the biggest threat is fossil fuels seeming to for sure they pose a very serious problem. because the end creates an atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations me it can trigger climatic changes that will make the amazon basin much drier definitely to the point where there won't be enough water left by sea to sustain the current ecosystem all of that you know did i will say to see a fair mindedness at sistema still similar to the muzzle and. the latest scientific

research on the role of the rainforest matches the observation. of the indigenous peoples who have lived here for centuries but for them the forest also has a spiritual significance. the amazon basin with more than a 1000 tributaries has driven evolutionary processes in countless species of animals and plants. on the shingle river the lifeline for the humans in the region toppy and his son merits are 2 of the 1st witnesses of the changes install. thank. you. mark or down. here this is the trail of a jaguar. i always tell my son not to go out into the forest alone it's

much too dangerous because the jaguar could get in. it's already attacked one member of our tribe which are you are jumped on him a tree and clawed open his chest. the so it's very risky to go into the forest alone where some of. the forest is an open book and he passes on his knowledge with justice and well. when i was little i didn't realize how important the forest was. what now with climate change the air is sometimes so warm that there is no rain in. the rainy period is true. there's less rain. in the morning. that's made it clear to me that we have to protect the forest. because here in the shingle region we have only a tiny island of forest left to his.

he shows me medicines and how to protect the forest so it will still be here for us in the future. that this is a sacred place where there wasn't beauty the forest extends a long way in this direction i don't know how many kilometers nothing has been slashed and burned areas still in doubt. we teach our children by showing them the secrets of the forest. that he was the one here who sends a very powerful energy. even to the energy of the spirits of nature. the you can sense the atmosphere with his feet. if you breathe in the perfect flowers or plants. that. give you new energy and love it you feel much better. for us in our region as people it's

a part of life to take good care of the forest with. the indigenous reserves in the natural environment. the territories marked in light green on the back make up 10 percent of the area of brazil. the 800000 square kilometers has roughly the area france and germany combined are home to 500000 people. but it's not only the indigenous lands on the rivet that have attracted the attention of the agro industry which is spending more and more forest by the day in the state of muscle growth which borders on the protected area the rain forest has been nearly completely depleted over the past 4 decades. instead of giant trees soybean silos rise up into the sky. said his here the forest was never a sacred place but land to become good for cultivation. today brazil is the world's

largest sawyer export. and with 220000000 heads of cattle it is also one of the world's biggest beef exports it's today the agricultural industry poses the greatest danger to the amazon basin. who will feel she had to do it i came here on august 18th 1984 i've been living in pleaded for 42 years the since i was 11 years olympian but now i'm 53 soon turning 54. 1000 are some are used to seeing nothing but forest here there were no houses just trees i thought boy if we cut out the road without change source of capacity we felled trees so we could keep going back then there were just 2 houses you saw wild boars and jack was. here 4 or 5 years later the 1st cattle came on we cut down more trees to make grazing land for 4 months in the beginning we had 5 or 6 animals intensive

livestock breeding didn't start until 978. set then they were. back then this set has came in troops fleeing poverty in the north east of brazil to exploit the wealth of the rain forest. if you could see a photograph from back then you wouldn't believe your eyes there was nothing here but forest. uncontrolled settlement led to a host of environmental disasters. the conquest of western brazil began in 1970 with the construction of the trans amazonian highway the plan of the military regime at the time was to open up as the slogan went land without men in the amazon for men without land in the north east. for 4000 kilometers the highway cuts like

a scar through the heart of the rain. forest. the access it created kicked off an unparalleled gold rush. in the 1980 s. the setup allowed a gold mine became a symbol of the ruthless exploitation of the amazon. and the gigantic cray said carved out by human hands thousands of prospect is imputing many forced labor is scramble to find the precious metal. the destructive history of the mine is today reflected in the 4 known eyes of the few remaining gold hunters who won't or can't give up their dream of eldorado.

my name is rhyme or do i'm 64 and i came here in 1989. but. i was a bricklayer and i came because i thought it would be better here but it was worse . there was nothing but forest pastures just forest and there were no roads. just. that the 20 years ago there was still a lot of gold but now you hardly find any. one that i saw but i've stayed on to wait for my pension which i will probably never get to leaving us i.

think. that's a. you extract the gold 1st you run it over the seeds then it sinks to the bottom of the pan. this is a chemical a very concentrated acid that's banned what's really in it i don't know. all told i extracted about 10 kilograms in 26 years. but if prospectors destroy the land that they dig huge holes then they've got a boy. motor continues to work the crated polluted area trapped in an environment increasingly ravaged by men made destruction.

to shake yet. when i 1st came here there was much more rain and the rainy season started in september or october and lasted until mid may. last then everything here was flooded and now the rainy season begins in march the river dries up and brings no more water in august. so when sabs the fault of deforestation i don't have another explanation i say himself so access 50000 hectares of forest were felled back where it sat this is a base for me and my brother. my station brings misery and poverty and conflicts between sections and indigenous people. was injured on the mob oh my god it was the indios came into our tents and stole

our food and everything we had then. they ripped up the tents no matter if they are made of cloth or plastic and disappeared. what are you going to do or take on in the oh who is armed with a bow and arrow we gold prospectors have firearms and we sometimes fight with the indios but it's complicated the media is only interested in the indios they don't care about us brazilians indios can kill you but you can't even hit them or you end up in jail so when indio starts something you'd better get out of there and keep your mouth shut if you don't want to die i don't know why they get preferential treatment the indians don't make any money for brazil they're not like us i don't really know what they do and the shingle n.d.o. reserve they have airplanes cars weapons the indios get everything and what do we get. nothing. not the.

colliding here each full of prejudice and lack of understanding of the other. but it is essential to build up trust and starts a dialogue to rescue what's left of the forest. in the space of just one century of the amazon rain forest has disappeared and. we know that we need to have good relations with the world of the whites out there indeed we have to make contact with them especially with our neighbors the farmers . and my father and i have already visited several farms to talk with their owners . ask them to work with us and not allow lawyers onto our land and no fisherman. only. the indigenous people are always told don't quarrel with the farmers but treat them like allies but it works the other way to us they should help us to

protect our nand and keep trespassers out of our reserve. relations with the world . all of the whites should be peaceful and based on mutual respect. this year the river has dried out. water levels have gone down tremendously. it's worrisome to see so many sandbanks where there used to be water but i have never seen so little water in the river. because the day. before the dam was there there was always enough water. but after the dam was built the water level dropped and there were no more fish in the might the fish are being

held back by the dam wall and can swim into the river running. through is the heart of what resulted as you are wonderful a true paradise leave the forest alive because you will need it. but the government in brasilia appears unwilling to engage in dialogue protecting the indigenous people and the rain forest is not a priority. the dam nearing completion on the shingle river is one of the biggest in the world yet the belmont a dam complex is just one more the forest and its inhabitants. more gigantic projects including 70 major planned to make brazil a global play on the energy. but every damn destroys the ecological balance of the rain forest and decimates its incredible biodiversity thousands of its animal and plant species are believed to be still undiscovered. humanity

scientists see that as the truth. i. because it's a funny thing because if you are frightened of the forest if you don't feel the forest you can't see the forest and strangely enough people who wear boots and shoes train and snakes much more often learn people who will be a faith so i also do it the safe. i am bill magnussen i'm with the national institute i mean i'm as on the research and i've been here for 36 years and i studied biodiversity and all of these aspects from where it is to how to maintain it's funny finding those people who want to help maintain it. so we have you know this is planned and. limit. which

healthy for the air. and sea as well as. this plant. provides housing and food for these ants. they don't look like they do very much the moment but we have done experiments where we've taken these ants off and within 2 weeks the plant and think probably before we had it it made stance that offended so through the small plants that we see around many of them are on described. in the stream that we have here may have species that feed the a male. species that we can see is enormous if you take into account all of those things that we can't see which is the thousands of spaces that funky that might be in the soil. the tiny animals that 3 cycle everything that comes

from the top and allows the system to work. this is one. makes the forest work for us. and that is what we don't understand we know it works we'd like to know why it works but we just don't know most of the answers to the question of. what makes amazon system run. water most people don't realize it but a pretty big thing to be amazonas classified as wetlands and that's this war to remake the whole system that maintains the bio diversity but those who just want to maintain the biodiversity the margin growth of the also maintains the water when the water comes off the ocean unfold from the eastern side of the amazon in one drying in the soil and be taken away. but the the about preparing for a sion prices want to back up into the the trees pump it back out into the. and it

gets taken further across the amazon and that. repeats itself until it or me is right and gets brought across to the edge of the entity that is then the break that down to the south of brazil to the most important agricultural areas in brazil other places in the world but that live and she does it so the agricultural areas of brazil the pin or no rain which is generated by the trade could be animal when you're in juice the farmers to a certain point the system will collapse. will have a savannah in the amazon and we'll have a deficit in the south of brazil. we have potential for curing illness of providing useful to food we have been working with a lot of indigenous communities what we need is to give them the information 93 integrate they normally in the wealthiest of.

just surprised has a spiritual significance with indigenous people. their beliefs a based on respect for the environment in which they depend for survival. in their creation is the great day it even would seem a breathed life into a tree which then turned into a human. to death a person's spirit he tends to the tree. says the goldstone myope. while i can while they are. the most important ritual here is the quarter of a minute ya know it's healed where venerating my uncle para comando now by i think that our father our return as brother who died last year. and this is the tree trunk we felt for him but. he wasn't just any tree it's a pretty special one that we cut down in honor of our leaders it's not this sudden

need this it's just that. he was a very important granted both the mother community and for the fight for indigenous rights and the duty to disclose indeed. a free country if this song is sacred we sing it while we decorate the tree trunk and it's our duty to that as soon as the singer starts we start doing. the spirit and the soul of the dead person is president that's the he watches us as we honor him because it's been on the mantle.

but. the singer continues singing until dawn. on earth. and the song is finished up in the dead man's soul travels to another world where

the sun and moon forming the village of sort of words out there that's the end of the ritual. for you cloth. this earth. itself it's just. not. in accordance with tradition all the tribes from the up a shingle come to attend the choir room. they all know they're dead together and complete. a wrestling contest that can help reduce tensions between the individual tribes. and these peaceful indigenous peoples are essentially against violence which in their view is something reserved for animals or lesser beings.

here the british this motif. it is a fish. to do i like it that's why i chose it but today. tomorrow i'll also be fighting with a certain limit to that i mean i will. fight certainly won't be easy. because our adversities a strong last. few feet most of us see some of them for you know it's a good fight to have to stop training as a boy once he's 14 years old. i have to eat special routes to make him feel strong and helping grow up to be a strong and courageous man quoted over the last year and she quote him to my. mother you know that you know boy you.

know you see it on the tribes here today or the quarter kourou caught up much you know who i went to and waldo. i. should. go who cares a competition it's just same image you came 1st the champions faceoff. i got you know the winner is the one who 1st manages to grab his opponent's fun it's a done deal but you know enough to knock him down but if you die you can also throw your opponent on his back. and those are the rules to say.

everyone's very excited to go hookah as a very important ritual for the preservation of our culture here in the shingle reserve like you've been in the shoes it's part of our identity it's. from us i have to concentrate because it will be very hard. to live by so much but as far as i can see our opponents are afraid of our fighters fighting about was not my mother was living in the gut. nothing.

to come out of. the car it is still an authentic ritual tourists are not allowed to enter the recess. but how long will that continue to be the case. the 1st flights. coming up on the at the at the end of the fight the tree trunk is lifted into the water. yes and that's the end of our ritual you know my father and my cousins will be released from their morning to return to normal life and can dance again and they said i couldn't stand the.

defendant because this week chiefs are using new technologies like the internet or the automobile as weapons in the battle to preserve our culture and. all struggle is taking place right here and you know stuff this is. a return to and his son tapia 2 of the last guardians of the amazon they are fighting for their survival and the survival of the rain forest. if no action is taken against the deforestation of the region then 50 years from now the amazon rain forest will be reduced to hof its current size. and his people will not win this battle without help from the rest of the world.

in search of the conflict zone. last known as venezuela's opposition that senses their phone systems yet decide to get the military to come over to their side my guess is the fear in london is far less so much representative to the same as when the opposition leader and a self declared president why what happens next because let's just stop.

for more than 40 years michael cross will has lived in fear for a while. but he may have to move soon. the coastal villages troubled by rising sea levels and there is no money to repair dikes and dams. trussell feels abandoned hospitals or storage but he is not going to give up his homes without a fight. to continue. d.w. . i'm not laughing at you but. i guess sometimes i am but mostly i'm laughing with the. german culture up here you can take those grandmas to

you cos it's all about who you know i'm rachel joins me from egypt a bunch of course. this is news coming to you live from the deep in crisis over kashmir more than $500.00 arrested after india's scraps the region special features a security lockdown and a communications blackout in india and this woman stood kasmir enters its 4th day pakistan exposing indian ambassador and trade ties as tensions spike between the 2

neighbors over the region. also coming up agreeing with warnings from the united nations on climate change scientists fear millions could go hungry and would die.