women's world cup. america. and the other couple should. i think so. as long as the next exciting event is right in the. german bundesliga. and as always we are there to keep you up to the lead. of your 16. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t w coming up. next on live from home but was born 250 years ago we follow in the footsteps of the great scientist and explorer. the tablo physique is one of what's most important creation spawns it

contains in consistencies and scientists have found out. where home but studied mining technology now researchers there are working on new ways of extracting metals. he wanted to see the world in its entirety at a time when european saw themselves as a period to other peoples and cultures aleksandr from home but sought personal contact his famous expedition to the americas revealed to him how everything was connected. multifaceted scientist explorer humanist humboldt is considered one of the last minute. alexander from whom boyd was born in berlin at 1769 growing up in a palace outside the city he was fascinated by rocks plants and insects from an early age after attending university and working as a. government mine inspector he set off for the americas in $171009.00 it was

a dream come true for a naturalist for 4 months we slept in the forests so rounded by crocodiles boas and jackie was eating nothing more than rice ants manioc and on occasion monkeys he wrote of the hardships and excitement of his expedition he returned after 5 years with a wealth of measurement data and botanical and geological specimens. vulcanology zoology ethnology just 3 of the many research areas to which he made important contributions. was celebrated in his lifetime he died in 859 and then his legacy is preserved in his great multi-volume work cause moss a comprehensive treaties on science and nature. how relevant is humbug today. to find out our reporter christiana coleman headed out with

a team to follow the route of what's expedition in south america. the trip took them to ecuador and colombia. in part one they climbed chimborazo and an active volcano that is as much a challenge today as it was in how much time. 4000 meters above sea level on the north face of chin but also the legendary volcano that $1802.00 proved an insurmountable challenge for alexander. mountain guide garcia wants to take us to the summit. our team is struggling with

the thin air at this altitude and we still have hours of ascent to head of us we're following the route taken 2 centuries ago by the famous explorer and naturalist. i really question about timing and i'm really passionate about being in one time so of course 200 years ago if someone has a right here and discovered this area and he's like of course not leaving with him on things. i can see how he was thinking how he can get to the top if you imagine he didn't know how high he is and does that feel enough to go up and fight them ensure the month and try to be enough. for.

as we follow in the footsteps of onyx underfund on board our expedition will take us halfway across south america. our journey begins here in ecuador and one of the world's highest capital cities. quito was the window on the heavens he and his companions set up a base in the spanish colonial town their objective to explore the region and document everything they encountered along the way. the basement of ecuador's national archives houses the priceless findings of their research trip. the maps correspondence and drawings produced by on board and stored here amount to over 4000 pages. historian and home board

expert as a gondola moreno youngness has examined all the documents. in the movement the important bit is that. the one enormously important item is the passport issued to home by the spanish government on may 7th 799. is important but a game was for him to quote continue studying the mind of sea and make collections of observations and discovery as useful for the advancement of the natural sciences but it is not without. passport gave him board license to roam as he pleased through spain's colonial territories an extraordinary privilege for the time and one that he made maximum use of. in the space of 5 years he traveled from venezuela to cuba colombia ecuador and peru then on to mexico exploring collecting and

measuring everything he came across. on boats holistic approach to research combined pre-science data gathering with personal observations made during his journey he bridge the boundaries of scientific disciplines humble came to the americas to understand how all the forces of nature are intertwined and interconnected he was accompanied on his mission by his friend the botanist i'm a bump wrong the 2 men were on by jim but also the an active volcano which at the time was considered the world's highest mountain. resolved to reach its summit. as for years i've been out of monoplane go up the mountain that's not something people do here normally at most maybe bring out luggage for visitors but no one goes up the mountain of their own accord.

or sensei's or she would ask. where chimborazo can't be climbed by anyone who is bad or has failed yet i'm going to cross out without will or in fathom or not that way so be it can only be inclined to bite people who are healthy winkel me who are well fed and who are on good terms with the lord be with you if you've done something bad in your life you won't make it work you know if you try you end up lying to you or crazy or dead or when. that's because. it was determined to climb the colossus towering 6300 meters above sea level it was long considered. so we're trying to climb or is from across the world many of them are escorted by america's 1st internationally licensed female. gotta see.

i remember one. thing is you. just need to trust yourself to. keep. my hair to. climbing and because of that. ok i can inspire people to do the same but i never thought that and when i became the 1st. and be like that but now is part of me. a respect for scientific curiosity grows where you approach the glacier it's our

1st time with this kind of altitude. as we continue our ascent of jim but also we can also see distinct changes in the vegetation. where. they stand now and you can see. but they're disappearing as. the glaciers near so just some plants can survive you know many few meters from down below to 300 meters is a big change because he's going to disappear in the next 100 meters. or so is that the sergt. in these area become not for my knees on and off oxygen for them to be alive here. the trek from quito option but also was humble approach like a botanical journey from the equator to the poles down in the valleys he's on tropical plants and further up the mountain vegetation similar to that in northern

europe as the explorer looked down on the mountain ranges below him he perceived the world with different eyes. later on board painter the now famous cross-section of chimborazo illustrating the different vegetation and climate zones it demonstrated the relationship between plant life and altitude and climate and patterns repeated across the planet the chimborazo map was a striking illustration of the complex interconnectedness of the natural world. it was forced to abandon his expedition a few 100 meters short of the summit of chin but also his way blocked by an impassable ravine. but he had climbed higher than anyone before him and his world fame was guaranteed. let's take a closer look at homeless generosity and that also known as the tabloid physique

the diagram contains data of great interest to modern day reset his own climate and ecology. but now its team of scientists has found some discrepancies in the data we talked on skype with french research at p.m.a. was currently on an expedition in ecuador and i asked him why he's so interested in the tablet physique. working with colleagues. on. climate change. as you know. we soon realise it was that good of research. gets as old information as we care so historical old information we can call bear with the current position of the other isms and of course in tropical regions we have both furious directly because and who is one of the most important potential

sources of information for that's going off historical records. the together with his colleagues he found that some of humbert's information about the altitude at which says some plans for granting inferences tend. must other entity notice but we also realize that is that most of his observation about her did use but adjacent did not come from the chiller soap but from another monday in god and dishonor he was completely aware of that of course so the damage is it is not a scientific documents. that can be used models there is for new results it's a very important. document for the history of science. this is

a small cave where her daughter kenton 80 now to place team rediscovered it on one of their trips on humble it's expedition still a source of inspiration yet of course it's very inspiring i don't have a description or how he climbed on the. earth he gets almost this all snow blind he didn't have a good good protection. it's a dirty drug to say once you are so where he suffered a storm and the reason why he could not observe the education higher that you put it. is because there he was he suffered a storm just. so of course and not to say about. clothes where. his clothes was not adapted to to carry a month or so of course very pressing what's trained to do so such

a long explanation it's not a one a day. to a month it's. a ceremony explanation so of course it's a motive. for more fascinating research results and expeditions go turned websites are fun i'll ask on twitter and facebook and to check out our special birthday web page full of stories related to aleksandar from home bite. numerous species of plants and animals have been named after oleksandr from home but they range from penguins. to screw monkeys. and bats and speaking of that if you encounter incenting a question about a special thing they do. why do bats sleep upside down.

in fact they spend most of their time hanging with their heads pointing down even for months at a time when they hibernate. nobody really knows how they evolve to do it. but that they do it has distinct advantages as research has demonstrated. the companion from rafters or branches means they don't have to compete with other species for a place to sleep far from the ground they're less vulnerable to predators. and if they do sense danger they can make a quick getaway. drop flap and off they go in fact most bats can take off directly from the ground. but is it healthy to hang your head for hours or months on end uncomfortable well bats don't seem to mind that their blood can pump

from feet to head and back to the heart without any problem. their body weight closes their claws by mechanical action it has to do with the way their tendons are attached. that means they don't expend any energy in order to roost upside down and if they die in that position they'll just stay put. but their hind legs and feet are not well suited to walking let alone running. off also hanging downwards when they sleep the differences they took their heads up against their chest. and as far as humans are concerned there's no evidence we can sleep upside down. bats are the only creatures known to science to hang their heads so much.

why are very very few. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you god just ask. we like to ask you questions too and for this humble program we wanted to know what you associate with alexander from home but. we got a lot of answers from latin america where hobart continues to be popular. elizabeth estrada notes that hobart is very famous for discovering the ocean currents that bears his name. diego modern art opines out that he was a great student of geography biodiversity and the anthropology of ecuador and he

quotes somebody as saying ecuadorians are strange and unique beings they sleep calmly amid smoking volcanoes live in poverty and incomparable riches and rejoice in sad music. merry blunkers writes that she says he hates him with education and the books with his impressions of mexico and she says he was a great historian. better pinay to mass alina from mexico says one vote represents the kind of german who loves the world science and truth and is an outstanding source for the understanding of mexico. better often visits an answer castle the volcano also known as nevada. standing on the rim he thinks about how this one man could explore so many areas in such a profound manner god was the perfect scholar a citizen of the world who sought the ultimate frontier. and beyond and he

concludes the true name of america ought to be on both land thanks for writing. many modern technologies require special metals these resources are not always easy to come by but without them we'd have no wind turbines and no batteries. in fire back in eastern germany scientists are searching for new ways of extracting minerals and 1st they're not going under the ground but high above it. these men are treasure hunters searching for valuable minerals. they are following in the footsteps of alex hunter from white. their homemade drones designed to fly with sophisticated equipment upwards of 100000 euros. the aerial

vehicle scans large areas with a device it's like this magneto meter. it measures variations in the micheletti field of the earth which helps to pinpoint mineral deposits without elaborate and costly drugs the ones. we want to encroach as little as possible on people surroundings and environment because we want to gain acceptance on the population. the sun and the other aspects or efficiency and safety hard. drawn to enable us to gather data rapidly without having to go there ourselves in. the data taken by the divisional instruments are combined to give geologists an idea of the structure of the subsoil. then they can guess where and which mineral they may find. this method would have frayed alexandr for whom boyd in his

day it was almost impossible to find deposits hidden deep underground. the most. news in the back then mines were only in places where orders had been found on the surface when people found them they pursued them for today that's not possible anymore because practically the entire surface of the earth has been studied and we have to go down deep. there are currently around 5000 new minerals and many of them are on display here in freiburg over the centuries they've been brought to the surface by miners and by researchers like. ringback humboldt studied at the new we found that mining academy in freiburg. it was the 1st university of its kind in the bird and he a homebody learnt the state of the art mining technology of his time.

yes at the buddhists this humble this one of the mining academies most famous students he looked for minerals not just here in freiburg but all over the world and the bed. that is now the minerals have to be separated from the surrounding rock. in freiburg who void learn the techniques for doing it very much tied to how to crush the rock for example by using stem cells to break down the rock from the or mountains all we needed were methods for separating the larger pieces so. that made it possible to extract see the irony. but mina it's like germanium indium and drea earth are a different story today we need them following turbines electric car batteries and

so. funds these elements are generally either not very abundant are not concentrated in deposits martin who studies how to recover these minerals from crushed rock. using water and a number of chemicals at the frothy after period for the minerals. ideally the desired mineral particles were to guess bubbles and rice to the surface. there they can be skimmed off layer by layer. the problem is this so-called flotation technique is not environmentally friendly in part because of the flotation reagents. one strategy and making the production more eco friendly focuses on the chemicals we have to research projects that are trying to replace the chemicals by biological agents that is we use microorganisms send their diverse interaction with the materials to get tailor made

reagents from these microorganisms in the quarters months who are designed not to these are produced naturally and are more ecologically compatible and now can help reduce the need for harmful some static reagents. martin wolf would also like to reduce the amount of water at least for the purposes you wouldn't force them on a horse and in my research the dream would be to no longer use flotation but to find a separation process that works in the dry state so we don't have the water problem that's something we're working on. making flirtation more environmentally friendly would have another important impact it could then be used to recycle products to recover the valuable minerals. present day treasure hunting has very much in whole spirit the big picture in mind. ringback

our journey in the footsteps of alexander from home but continues next week when our reporter visits the avenue of the volcanoes in ecuador. join us for more of his impressions inspired by him both expedition until then good bye.

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