kind of a rift between saudi arabia and the united arab emirates which backs the separatists you're watching news of life for berlin up next learn how indigenous people in brazil are fighting to protect their sacred lands that's on the dock film series the guardians of the amazon a michael ok thanks for watching. her 1st day at school. her 1st economy less of. doris grand moment arrives. join your regular jane on her journey back to freedom. in our interactive documentary tour of an orangutan returns home on t w dot com tanks.

face it we'd be very early in the morning so as to feel the energy of the water. the water washes away all the bad things from our bodies and that's why we bathe very early so we can work. on it that my name is to peano the awhile the perty people and i'm the son of the chief body town of the ticket in. the amazon basin often called the green lung of our planet. has been inhabited for centuries by hundreds of different ethnic groups

. the nearly 6000000 square kilometers of rain forest extends over 9 countries in south america. live in brazil single indigenous park the largest national park created to protect indigenous peoples they are devoted to protecting the threatened rain forest. as frontline witnesses of the effects of climate change their voices have joined a chorus of scientists who say that saving amazonia is a measure of the utmost urgency. to. arm the future leader of the year one a pretty people. now carry on my father's struggle that i grew up with my father struggled to protect nature. and fought for the land and to keep the river clean. those are my father's goals. because i was raised with

them i must continue a struggle and think of the future of my children. dismissed. the wall of the deep population is growing once again today i feel your left and want to point out. years ago the wall a pretty nearly died down. there were only 7 people left. among the 7 was my grandfather pyro and his brothers are your. son but me a handful in the 1960 s. the young p.t. have now increased their numbers to several 100 but the future is uncertain. tubby's father i'm a ton a is the kiss seeking the chief of the tribe. we have gathered here and i will name the names of the 1st whites we met. orlando of the lost. and proud. they lost more yes they put this land in our hands

so we must take care of it. i return to witness the disastrous effect of the 1st contact between tribal peoples and european settlers decades ago. the settlers brought with them infectious diseases to which the indians had no immunity and. such exposure wiped out numerous tribes. a push began to protect the rainforest people from extinction. activists including the villas boas brothers demarcated the lands of local tribes on the shingle river which became a national park in 1961. and. go.

through. this footage from 973 shows the quadruped ritual with which the indigenous people of the uppish in good river honor the souls of their ancestors. the ancient ceremony is still carried out today. this is a year after the death of the old. p.t. begin the ceremony lasting several days to liberate the spirits of the departed. the giant flutes are the voice of the souls of the forest. song drives away evil spirits. love to teach pain their bodies will be ok just so.

the tribes people have come to accept that they have to struggle to in order to preserve if they're. savvy has left the tribe to study in the city. as he has returned for the quadruped festival of the day. i live on the coast and by shot a sun tista do. you know i've been here a week and i've been doing a lot of fishing and this week i've caught about 100 fish similar. to move. in the world outside the shingle reserve there's no more respect the

rivers are being abused the fish are being decimated. they want to destroy everything. it would break my heart if we lost our land up in the mind of god and i want to return here but i have to study more because i want to show the community what i've learned in the city you have been doing for god i. thank you thank. you thank you thank. you thank you. the. slope. in the center of the village it's time for the villages to start stamping to awaken the dead. and.

rupe is one of the major festivals in the tribal will it but in this day the villages are uneasy. pims of smoke coming dangerously close and threatening to disturb the age old ritual. of the calling firefighters. police come to the village to put out a fire would be i came out of the. forest fires are among the greatest danger is not only in the shingle reserve but in all of the amazon basin. the fire is often said deliberately for big landowners who want to clear the forest and use the land for cattle grazing all monoculture crops. some of the much the best again this is the strategy we adopt the fire is moving

towards the village in the center of the village is an area without hot and we have to get the front under control but it's heading for the pitch so if it gets too close to the straw roofs will catch fire which would be a disaster. why would it affect your life if you see the tree there standing alone can reach it on foot there's let's go. in the dry period from june to october the amazon basin is ringed by wildfires. in 2016 a massive and on was raised in with the worst drought in 50. 3 percent they've been working here for a year on their feet when they come when we need how it really. is cooking the fire burns up our traditional medicinal. plant some of the resources

we use not that it's but they might get you. plenty of carrying like. the firefighters have limited means at their disposal the brigade of young indigenous men has only rudimentary equipment. are the story view of the bush i am a milt upon shower and i belong to a firefighters but 8 from brasilia i'm here to supervise the big 8 from the shingle national park. live . music every couple of feet the situation is alarming that if you don't do the wild piles of destroying many hectares of forest you're going to want to. call me was. the last resort to prevent the worst it's just also counted in the underbrush. from i would

think we call this ping a fire we open up a line of defense and the ping of fire serves as a counter fire it will be the forward. for it runs counter to the main fire and that way we can control the entire defense line with the apple don't you think we should we prefer you to thank. us. for centuries the indigenous peoples cleared land by burning safeguarded by the hind end. as of moisture in the forest the dwindling rainfall has now reduced that

natural fire protection. now there are fears that much of the rain forest could turn into a savannah. to measure the effects of climate change on the amazon basin a research center was set up in the rain forest. the amazonian tool tower observatory opened in 2015 is several hours drive from. the movie my name is antonio monsey i'm a meteorologist and my specialty is the interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere over the past years my work has mainly focused on the effect of greenhouse gases and their exchange between the atmosphere and the surface of the ground if you sit. on the water we're heading to the r 2 tower the tallest weather observatory in the amazon it was built to hold the equipment that measures the interaction between the

tropical rainforest and the atmosphere and the effects on the climate in the region often if someone is going to go one of the most creative you can be more than a. 325 meter high tower rises about the forest canopy the unique metal construction supports measuring instruments designed to monitor one of the most sensitive ecosystems on our planet. jim and meteorologist stefan vase is part of the mission designed to predict future .

her. project out to the screens i think we can see as far as 40 to 50 kilometers at certain times of the day she should fight we collect a lot of different data depending on whether it's the rainy or dry season that i become i said we don't just want to see the difference between the seasons we want to find out whether there are long term changes sumi for example see how much the c o 2 concentration will rise in the coming years you'll see honest giving i would have a little bit with this tower we aim to monitor the ecosystem over the long term and to follow the developments of global climate change over a period of 10 to 20 years that stem the rising c o 2 concentration in the

atmosphere the rise in temperature the probable changes in the amount and intensity of precipitation and how all that affects the ecosystem of the amazon rain forest and its relationship to the atmosphere that will sit still undecided as to the hell of somebody's wasat almost one year tell us off at the amazon region faces many threats today yes i have the problems one of them is manmade deforestation into my one and however the biggest threat is fossil fuels seeming to for sure they pose a very serious problem. because the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations in me can trigger climatic changes that will make the amazon basin much drier definitely to the point where there won't be enough water left by sea to sustain the current ecosystem for all of the you know did i was to see a time until that system was lost it was always known as on. the latest scientific research on the role of the rainforest matches the observations of the indigenous p. . who have lived here for centuries but for them the forest also has

a spiritual significance. the imus in basin with more than a 1000 tributaries has driven evolutionary processes in countless species of animals and plants. on the shingle river the lifeline for the humans in the region toppy and his son merits are 2 of the 1st witnesses of the changes install. thank. you thank. you. i mean this is the trail of a jaguar. that i always tell my son not to go out into the forest alone it's much too dangerous because the jaguar could get him. it's already attacked one member of our tribe which are you are jumped on him from

a tree and clawed open his chest. great for that it's very risky to go into the forest alone for some odd. foot toppy the forest is an open book and he passes on his knowledge with justice and well. when i was little i didn't realize how important the forest was when i see what now with climate change the air is sometimes so warm that there is no rain. in the rainy period is true. there's less rain of in the morning. that's made it clear to me that we have to protect the forest. because here in the shingle region we have only a tiny island of forest left to his. he

shows me medicines and how to protect the forest so it'll still be here for us in the future. this is a sacred place where there was a pretty forest extends a long way in this direction i don't know how many kilometers nothing has been slashed and burned areas still in doubt it. we teach our children by showing them the secrets of the forest. he was here you sent her very powerful energy. even to the energy of the spirits of nature. the you can sense the atmosphere with his feet. if you breathe in the perfect flowers or plants. that. give you new energy and love it you feel much better this is. for us not to just people it's part of life to take good care of the forest with.

the indigenous reserves in the natural environment. the territories marked in light green on the back make up 10 percent of the area of brazil. the 800000 square kilometers has roughly the area france and germany combined are home to 500000 people. but it's not only the indigenous lands on the rivet that have attracted the attention of the agro industry which is spending more and more forest by the day in the state of muscle growth which borders on the protected area the rain forest has been nearly completely depleted over the past 4 decades. instead of giant trees soybean silos rise up into the sky. said his here the forest was never a sacred place but land to be conquered for cultivation. today brazil is the world's largest so explosive. with 220000000 heads of cattle it is also one of the

world's biggest beef exports. today the agricultural industry poses the greatest danger to the amazon basin. millfield she had to do it i came here on august 18th 1984 i've been living in can lead to for 42 years the since i was 11 years olympic now i'm 53 soon turning 54. 1000 are some used to seeing nothing but forest here there were no houses just trees. we cut up the road with our chainsaws. we felled trees so we could keep going back then there were just 2 houses you saw wild boars and jack was. 5 years later the 1st cattle claims. that he cut down more trees to make grazing land for 4 months in the beginning we had 5 or 6 animals intensive livestock breeding didn't start until $978.00. set then they were.

back then the sections came in troops fleeing poverty in the north east of brazil to exploit the wealth of the rain forest. if you could see a photograph from back then you couldn't believe your eyes there was nothing here but forest. uncontrolled settlement led to a host of environmental disasters. the conquest of western brazil began in 1970 with the construction of the trans amazonian highway the plan of the military regime at the time was to open up as the slogan went land without men in the amazon for men without land in the northeast. for 4000 kilometers the highway cuts like a scar through the heart of the rain forest. the access it created kicked off an

unparalleled gold rush. in the 1980 s. the setup allowed a gold mine became a symbol of the ruthless exploitation of the amazon. and the gigantic raissa carved out by human hands thousands of prospect is imputing many forced laborers scramble to find the precious metal. the destructive history of the mine is today reflected in the 4 known eyes of the few remaining gold hunters who won't or can't give up their dream of eldorado. my name is rhyme or do i'm 64 and i came here in 1989.

but. i was a bricklayer and i came because i thought it would be better here but it was worse . there was nothing but forest pastures just forest and there were no roads. in just. that the 20 years ago there was still a lot of gold but now you hardly find any. one that i saw but i've stayed on to wait for my pension which i will probably never get to live in class i. think if. that's how you extract the go. 1st you run it over the seeds then it sinks to the

bottom of the pan. this is a chemical a very concentrated acid that's banned what's really in it i don't know. all told i extracted about 10 kilograms in 26 years. of prospectors destroy the land that they dig huge holes but then they've got a boy. who. continues to work the crated polluted area trapped in an environment increasingly ravaged by men made destruction.

i want to shake yet. when i 1st came here there was much more rain the rainy season started in september or october and lasted until mid may. last then everything here was flooded and now the rainy season begins in march the river dries up and brings no more water in august. so when sabs the fault of deforestation i don't have another explanation i say himself he acts as if the 1000 hectares of forest were felled back there it's sad they say they phoned me made them want to smother. my station brings misery and poverty and conflicts between searches and indigenous people. was injured on the mob oh my god it was the indios came into our tents and stole our food and everything we had then they ripped up the tent. no matter if they are made of cloth or plastic and

disappeared. what are you going to do or take on an indio who is armed with a bow and arrow we gold prospectors have firearms and we sometimes fight with the indios but it's complicated. the media is only interested in the indios they don't care about us brazilians indios can kill you but you can't even hit them or you'll end up in jail so when indio starts something you'd better get out of there and keep your mouth shut if you don't want to die i don't know why they get preferential treatment. don't make any money for brazil they're not like us i don't really know what they do and the single n.d.o. reserve they have airplanes cars weapons the indios get everything and what do we get. nothing and. not the. colliding here full of prejudice and lack of understanding of the other.

but it is essential to build up trust and stones to dialogue to rescue what's left of the forest. in the space of just one century. the amazon rain forest has disappeared. in a minute we know that we need to have good relations with the world of the whites out there indeed we have to make contact with them especially with our neighbors the farmers. and my father and i have already visited several farms to talk with their owners. ask them to work with us and not allow logs onto our land and no fisherman. don't leave them in the indigenous people are always told don't quarrel with the farmers but treat them like allies but it works the other way too. they should help us to protect our nand and keep trespassers out of our reserve if its. relations with the world of the whites are being. peaceful and based on mutual

respect. this year the river has dried out. water levels have gone down tremendously. it's worrisome to see so many sandbanks where there used to be water but i have never seen so little water in the river. because of the day. before the dam was there there was always enough water. but after the dam was built the water level dropped and there were no more fish in the my fish are being held back by the dam wall and can swim into the river running.

through is the heart of what result a wonderful true paradise leave the forest to live because you will need it. but the government in brasilia appears unwilling to engage in dialogue protecting the indigenous people and the rain forest is not a priority. the dam nearing completion on the shingle river is one of the biggest in the world yet the belmont a dam complex is just one more forest and its inhabitants. more gigantic projects including 70 major. land to make brazil a global play on the energy market. every day destroys the ecological balance of the rain forest and decimates its incredible biodiversity thousands of its animal and plant species are believed to be still undiscovered. humanity scientists see that as the truth. i was. yes it's

a funny thing because if you are frightened of the forest if you don't feel the forest you can't see the forest and strangely enough people who wear boots and shoes is trained on snakes much more often than people who will be a faith so i also do it the safe. i am bill magnussen i'm with the national institute on this on the research and i've been here for 36 years and i studied biodiversity and all of its aspects from where it is to how to maintain it's funny finding people who want to help maintain it. so we have you know this is planned and. limit. which happens to the air. and sea as well as.

this plant. provides housing and food for these tornadoes and. they don't look like they do very much the moment but we have done experiments where we've taken these ants off and within 2 weeks the plant and thing probably did fall the i did it made stance defended so 3 small plants that we see around many of them are described. in the stream that we have here and they have species that feed the amount of new. species that we can see is enormous if you take into account all of those things that we can't see which is the thousands of spaces that funky that might be in the soil. the tiny animals that 3 cycle everything that comes from the top and allows the system to would. this is what makes the forest. worked for us. and that

is what we don't understand we know what works we'd like to know why it works but we just don't know most of the answers to the questions. what makes amazon system run. water most people don't realize it but pretty bad thing to be honest on this classified as wetland and that's this war to make the whole system that maintains them by diversity but those who just want to maintain them are diversity the market growth of the also maintains the water when the water comes off the ocean unfold from the eastern part of the anglican on it when drying in the soil and be taken away. but the be about preparing for asian prices want to back up into the the trees pump it back out into the it and it gets taken further across the amazon and the cycle repeats itself until it or me is right and gets

rolled across the bed to the entity that is then the break that down to the south of brazil to the most important agricultural areas in brazil other places in the world but that lead into deserts so they agricultural areas of brazil be pinned or no rain which is generated by the truth of the animal when you're in juice the forests to a certain point the system will collapse. will have a savanna in the amazon and we'll have a desert in the south of brazil. we have potential for curing illness and providing useful to foods we have been working with a lot of indigenous communities what we need is to give them the information 93 integrate they normally in the wealthiest of. just surprised has a spiritual significance with indigenous people. their beliefs of day. on respect

for the environment on which they depend for survival. in their creation it's the great day it's even let's see makes breathed life into a tree which then turned into a human. after death a peasant spirit we tends to the tree. says that that's the myope. while i can while they apply to the most important ritual here is there. a minute ya know teale where venerating my uncle para comando now by i think that our father already towner's brother who died last year as if they were this is the tree trunk we felled for us to get down here wasn't just any tree of the states they put a special one that we cut down in honor of our leaders it's just not this a need this it's just that. he

was a very important matter. though the other community and for the fight for indigenous rights in the gate to disposing. basic andrea thought it out this song is sacred and we sing it while we decorate the tree trunk and thought that the truth to soon as the singer starts we start doing. the spirit the soul of a dead person is president that's the he watches us as we honor him it's an infant in the mantle i keep it up and find.

that the. way. the singer continues singing until dawn. on earth. when the song is finished up in the dead man's soul travels to another world where the sun and moon forming the village of sort of work days a month out there that's the end of the ritual in the years that you

cloth. this earth. it's just. not. in accordance with tradition all the tribes from the up a shingle come to attend the choir room. they all know they're dead together and complete. a wrestling contest that can help reduce tensions between the individual tribes. and these peaceful indigenous peoples are essentially against violence which in their view is something reserved for animals or less of. the british this motif is a fish. do i like it that's why i chose it but today. tomorrow

i'll also be fighting with a subordinate to that i mean i will. fight certainly won't be easy. because our adversaries a strong last. few feet from us see some of them for you know it's a good fight to have to start training as a boy once he's 14 years old. he has to eat special routes to make him feel strong and helping grow up to be a strong and courageous man quoted all of the all star and she quote from them i know that i can tell you that you know what you can. only you see it on the tribes here today or the quarter kourou caught up much you know who i went to and waldo.

i. was. go who cares a competition it's just same image you came 1st the champions faceoff. i got you know the thing the winner is the one who 1st manages to grab his opponents find it's a done deal but you know enough to knock him down but if you die you can also throw your opponent on his back and being in those are the rules to say. i.

was. everyone's very excited to go hookah is a very important ritual for the preservation of our culture here in the shingle reserve would i get in the chute it's part of our identity. i have to concentrate because it will be very hard. i said but as far as i can see our opponents are afraid of our fighters like the us was bothered by my mother but also let me get out to go.

6 to come out of. the car it is still an authentic ritual tourists are not allowed to enter the recess. but how long will that continue to be the case. the 1st flight. to the top fund on the look at the end of the fight the tree trunk is lifted into the water. yes and that's the end of our ritual you know my father and my cousins will be released from their morning to return to normal life and can dance again. does this. new thing. then to the end of. this week chiefs are using new technologies like the

internet or the automobile as weapons in the battle to preserve our culture and. all struggle is taking place right here you know stuff this is. a return to and his son tapia 2 of the last guardians of the amazon they are fighting for their survival and the survival of the rain forest. if no action is taken against the deforestation of the region then 50 years from now the amazon rain forest will be reduced to half its current size. the indigenous people will not win this battle without help from the rest of the world.

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to step up to. the gambian smiling coast is known for its beauty. and its sex tourism. we talk to those affected and to government officials this is the brain is the problem not to come to meet. them to be 30 minutes. d.w. feel. what secrets lie behind the small. to find out that most of experience and explore fascinating cultural heritage sites. d.w. world heritage 36050.

this is deja news a lie from berlin saudi backed forces strike back in yemen after separatists take control of yemen's temporary capital saudi arabia's allies call it a coup when launching airstrikes also on the program. lawmakers in the u.s. demanding answers after disgraced billionaire jeffrey epstein dies in jail before facing sex trafficking charges they could have been implicated the rich and powerful.