he takes it personally. with a little bit wonderful people in stories that make the game so special. for true fans. more than football online. you're watching tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. stage 2 in the footsteps of alexander from home but our reporter heads to ecuador's ave of the volcanoes which is the billions natural history museum where everything from dinosaurs to the most spines on display. and finally we get under your skin to find out how your body reacts to tattoo ink come to the show.

and we kick off with a dispatch from our reporter christiane home on. to mark the 250th birthday of alexander from home but christiane travelled to ecuador peru and colombia 3 countries that the great naturalist explored during his expedition to the americas. part 2 of the trip takes us to the volcanoes of ecuador. the entire plateau with quito is a single ball kayak hard. to subterranean fire breaks forth you know from one of these openings now from another. that is how our xander from. it recalled his

expedition through the andes in his book and views of nature in 1802 the naturalist an explorer traveled to ecuador to study the iostat active volcanoes on the planet and we are following in his footsteps to procure the 10 day were more afraid of what. truly they think these guys crazy about try to go to work and. more was fascinating about this one site. it's a good thing that. has come true because they will have. rescue made who can choose this person. from bolt hole to dozens of measuring instruments with him up to the crater of between check he wanted to find him clerical evidence that volcano has were connected underground and that eruptions could create mountain ranges now basic knowledge for

a vulcanologists like but among scientists have determined that the kitchen counter complex is more than a 1000000 years old its youngest crater was torn out of the mountain range by a gigantic eruption 1000 years ago as the researchers thermal imaging camera shows which is very much alive today. i come to something like. 10 families with thermal camera telling us it's like to work in a. call from. below there and all the range. there will be. able to work and then you can explosives up there because the pressure is increase and. the crater. and then you could have procedures as i would have kept the shore.

$73.00 volcanoes more than a dozen of them still active all crowded together in a stretch of less than 200 kilometers. called this unique mountain chain the avenue of the volcanoes nowhere else in the world rather so many volcanoes in such a small space millions of people in ecuador live under the constant threat of an eruption. it's a threat monitored by scientists at the geophysical institute in quito. for all the technical advances since will stay precise forecasts remain elusive but the team is able to closely observe activities inside the volcano. from temperature fluctuations to expanding magma chambers and increased gas emissions and he changes could be an indication of an imminent eruption.

in the views of the status report from the refuge the volcano is completely submerged in the clouds not possible to observe any emissions of gas over. the well scott rubio is the one man patrol team on cotopaxi one of the most active volcanoes in the ecuadorian andes the volcano is under permanent surveillance. uncle and also as he's known up here at the mountain refuge is not easily shaken minor tremors inside the crater are par for the course and often felt in his lunch . the. interruption would give us no more than 5 minutes to respond up here on cotopaxi if the volcano gives us enough time we follow a strict evacuation plan but if not i'll just take my place in the front row to

watch this magnificent natural spectacle and then goodbye i'm not afraid. to hike across the barren landscape at the foot of cotopaxi we're walking over what were once deep gorges filled in by the countless tons of mud and debris that has swept through here over the course of millennia. 123456 different layers. and maybe the last one the one and close to the top is the one that was producing during the 877 or up from the last big ocean and actually working her flow it's produced when the

work you know is coming on eruption and delicious melts almost 6000 meters and then you can even imagine the potential energy when the water start to protest and finally after descending 345 even marketed towards the top of the work i know we have the deposits that are left from. the powerful volcanic mudflows can reach speeds of up to 60 kilometers per hour destroying everything in their path the last major eruption of cotopaxi devastated the town of la to congo. it's modern day residents have no more than 5 minutes to evacuate if the volcano begins to rumble as it did most recently in 2015 was the us all heard this early we went outside and saw that the volcano had already started spewing ash . we knew we had to pack our things and get out of town that's when the prison i

thought we was here but we found shelter under the roof of our house and waited there. and the cloud of ash descended in the children became sick that's when we fled. in. our journey through the avenue of the volcanoes and was at the chilean tosa a colossal rock hurled a distance of 13 kilometers from cotopaxi. the awesome destructive force so volcanoes was to stay on humbles mind long after he returned from his andes expedition. years later he explained to the world how most in russia is forced up to the surface from the earth's interior perform the outer face of our planet

a truly groundbreaking scientific insight. cannock eruption spiel mineral rich and ash from the earth's crust onto its surface . that's why the soil around will cain as is often superficial so while volcanic eruptions can be terrifying they also provide a rich foundation for life and on the topic of life how do seine from india scenting the question. how could life arise from inorganic matter. and unlike dead matter living organisms need nutrition they reproduce and develop in part according to a genetically programmed plan but how did life originate and where there are many different theories here's one. the story began some 4000000000 years ago

that's when the 1st primitive organisms appeared on earth temperatures had dropped on the early earth. water vapor condensed into rain and filled basins on the surface to form oceans. by examining the genomes of simple microbes researchers concluded that their earliest ancestors probably resided in hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. these kinds of active hot springs are known to exist today in the deepest part of the atlantic ocean. so this might be one of the best places to go in search of the origin of life. we need the sea floor the rock pretty tight reacts with water to produce hydrogen which reduces c o 2 to form methane. in the presence of iron containing minerals in the sea bed these molecules can combine to form

amino acids and other building blocks of life. plating in the prayers of the bedrock they may then have undergone a chain of chemical reactions developing into average more complex bio molecules that ultimately became self replicating the next crucial step was the formation of membranes which would have enabled the 1st cells to exist independently as organisms. over time the sounds grew larger and more complex this gave rise to you kerry it's these are organisms like ourselves each of who sells has its d.n.a. . packed into a cell nucleus surrounded by a membrane and the rest is history. the problem is read write latin. to you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show will send you

a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. this was one of the most stunning fossil finds of recent years in 2014 scientists in chile discovered the petrified remains of whales dating back 5000000 years it's believed the mammals were stranded after ingesting toxic algae fossils provide clues about the past and they're popular in museums but then this natural history museum showcases specimens ranging from dinosaurs to a very special bird. and this is yet. our best specimen. but it's also a symbol of the museum. for alexander fun humboldt's parrot yacob who sat on his shoulder for 35 years. later

it turned out that jaco boys in fact female no matter how bugs bird is something of an icon for the berlin natural history museum which likes to play up the association with home but the berlin born polymath is still celebrated for his expedition to the americas and for the wealth of days or specimens and notes he brought back with him. in the newseum director has a clear goal yohannes fogel wants to take a position on debates in society and present nature in context much in the tradition of humbled. what's. really interests me as a museum director is how can we raise the next generation of. can we get young people excited about nature. nature both as a scientific and as a societal or political topic and how can we get them to pursue it with passion

throughout their lives you know leave that for me is the legacy of. some of the objects that brought back from his expeditions are here in the natural history museum above all mineral specimens. all together the museum houses $30000000.00 objects including the popular terran the saurus rex skeleton tristan. only a few of these objects make it into exhibitions most of them are kept out of the limelight in the museum repositories but for the research carried out in the museum for objects like this archaeopteryx an ancient relative of modern day birds are just this useful stored in a drawer scientists often make important discoveries in the collection for example bone deformities found in a 150000000 year old dinosaur skeleton might have been caused by

a viral disease or monday. here in the museum we have people who were able to discover something special in the specimens paleo pathologists and to study the evolution of diseases and then they say something odd they take a c.t. scan and all of a sudden this bone could be the earliest evidence for a certain disease causing virus in the history of the earth is. just like that. in conspicuous display. to see if it has discovery or. coming into a room like this you might wonder do we really have to keep all of this. absolutely says museum director johan this. what we're looking at here are birds nests and they are the future of the natural

history museum and phineas nests are a window into time when they were collected 150 years ago these bird species still existed. so did the plants the necessary made of. a lot of that has vanished today but with the help of genetics we can look into this these are ecosystems frozen in time i know from them we can read how the world was 150 years ago. whether it's exploring ecosystems with genetic analysis or making objects available worldwide through digitize ation modern technologies are taking the museum from the past to the future the digital record of these months collected in vietnam makes the journey there are necessary now researchers anywhere in the world can access them on a computer. museum intends to digitize all 30000000 specimens in its collections.

we have a global collection and we want to be part of a bigger global network well for that someone like alexander fun who is the great role model he was the 1st globally thinking politically thinking networks of german scientists. the exhibitions present the world in the tradition of home as a holistic entity from the origin of the earth to simulations of how it might look 250000000 years from now. wants to make his museum fit for the future. what it's me it's not just the interplay of responsibility and freedom but a very interesting piece of wisdom from africa it's the past time to have planted a tree was 20 years ago the 2nd best time is today. and that is what

should guide us we shouldn't moan about whether we should have rescued the world 20 years ago or not and what we did wrong back then but instead. we have to actively shape today and tomorrow. and the study of nature is a major contribution to that goal as there from homeworld showed. for more about alexander for hobart's adventures check out our special online coverage to mark his 250th birthday. d.w. dot com slash science or find us on social media. because you know we often take to facebook to ask you what you think about various issues. this time we asked how you feel about tattoos. so long can he james would

like to get one that his mother wanted him for religious reasons. says tattoos are a way to express your personality she says it all depends on what you want to say she herself doesn't have one and she says that's a form of self-expression too. sunny auto cockcrow re joy of points to the artistic merit of tattoos describing them as an asset for both the artist and the person receiving the tattoo. body as is popular all around the world one survey found that nearly half of people and it's. the incidence is almost as high in sweden the united states australia and argentina. and while tattoos aren't that common everywhere in countries like brazil france and germany over a 3rd of people report having at least one. but

what do tattoos actually do in the body let's take a look at the science. michel has been thinking about this tattoo for years he's come to ritchie an artist who specializes in brightly colored and photo realistic tattoo. is a paramedic and he wants a blue star with the serpent entwined. a god associated with healing and medicine does he actually know why tattoos don't disappear over time. those are very directed into a deeper layer of the skin so when it regenerate it doesn't come out. the scientific consensus was that pigments were locked into a layer of connected but recent research shows they actually end up in white blood cells called macrophages. marsay is

a port city on the french mediterranean coast tattoos are a common sight here. lots of people have them. a team of immunologists at x. marsay university thinks they might have figured out why tattoos are prominent. and they use the how this super mouse. it's been specially bred so that researchers can target and kill the macrophages in its skin. this is done under completely sterile conditions because macrophages are a crucial part of the immune system. just cellular debris and foreign substances. immunologist. has tattooed the tails of several mice. if the tattoo pigment really is in gulf by the macrophages then it should disappear as soon as the macrophages die. but it doesn't.

hoping for some answers. examines the macrophages of the tattooed mask under the microscope. what we see that. it's we're using the ink and as you can see here all the ink is fully in the dow now if you wait longer then the. recapture by new arriving and that's what you find here and again. this is a brand new insight so the researchers want to make sure they're not mistaken that the really is passing between the macrophages so they transfer the skin of a tattooed mouse onto an urn tattooed one to see the color transfer. and indeed the macrophages from the un tattooed mouse take up the ink pass to it from the tattooed mouse. where the explosion runs through all those that's really.

the ses are always taking over and then and then again. that also explains why tattoos often fake or become blurry over time the new macrophages don't manage to catch all the ink that's been released. so what happens to the ink that escapes medical physicist. is researching that at the university of lincoln in germany. he cut open the lymph nodes of deceased tattoo and discovered that some of the pigment had ended up there he found green and red. that about 30 percent of the pigments remain in the skin but the person with the tattoo hardly notices the reduction because the colors are so intense the rest gets carried off some ends up in the lymph nodes and the

liver a smaller amount is eventually expelled from the body. anybody who wants to get a tattoo should be aware of the fact that a lot of the pigment will remain in their body for ever and that includes cancer causing substances. so what happens when someone wants to remove their tattoo. well for a 1000000 for you i want to wear short sleeves at family events or in the summer i can't identify with my tattoos anymore it's not me i want them removed the step scientific. the standard way to remove tattoos nowadays is by laser. i really have to force myself to go it's very painful sometimes the laser blasts the pigment molecules into smaller pieces and destroys the enclosing macrophages other macrophages take up some of this pigment so it doesn't disappear straight away i need to has to have 4 appointments and all the latest findings from france

might change these painful procedures that's would be the future of. that to make sure that the michael. anymore and to of this is that would be draining the big months out of the skin. but trying to switch off the immune response briefly for the duration of the laser removal procedure is a suggestion that professor bourne rejects. the laser destroys tissue when the skin causes tiny tears on the skin surface these let him slack tyria so it's not a good idea to knock out the macrophages the very cells that would heal the wound and attack the bacteria. but michele for one is certain he won't ever need to go through the removal process. others i want to keep it forever it's also. probably good he feels that way because that tattoo is here to stay.

and that's it from tomorrow today chyna next time for the latest installment of our expedition in the footsteps of home bites until then it's goodbye take a. clue .

meet the artist and encounter with richard ford one of america's great storytellers so beautiful. his works cast a sharp eye on the american dream of good movies because he views the current situation in his home country and what drives his creativity. would lead me to richard for a touch of the good. in 30 minutes on. the

men's world cup. america games come in the africa cup of nations this season high pitched such as a man's down exciting adventure business right around the corner the german bundesliga is heating up and as always we're there to keep you updated with the latest on the call. to mislead the sun shining over 16 g.b. of. every journey begins with the 1st step and every language but the 1st word published in the book. nico is in germany to learn german and why not come with him it's simple online on your mobile and free to suffer from d w z e learning course nikos fake german made him seem.

the world population is increasing the climate is changing it's getting warmer and there are going to be more and more places where connel growth predicts no problems we have to fix this the way to do that is to use. as the model tonight a modification that birds to make better crawl it is a lot safer than anything we've done by traditional phonetic or the faith that you take one to need you know exactly what it is you put it into without a plan to come out exactly where it's gone i think we will be able to provide enough food for people by 2050 if we can make crops who grow under 70 arid conditions this will achieve a most grain to stability in the food supply that we have at the moment.

this is g.w. news live from berlin lawmakers and the u.s. demand answers after disgraced billionaire geoffrey epstein dies in jail in an apparent suicide and is facing sex trafficking charges that could have implicated their bridge and powerful also coming up on conquer lease use tear gas after protests turned violent has come.