has now refused an offer to dog inspect. you're watching t.v. news live from berlin up next dr phil meets an astronaut who spent 7 months in space and finds out what it means for human spaceflight after news of course of the top of the hour i'm called aspen ice water. welcome to the but is the game here for double triple trying to talk about it. let's start our coverage. 3 more. asshole we have how let's have a look at some of the other much leave look so you don't want to. go. to w.

astronaut to marcus gay is climbing a book a no in lance the writing in the canary islands. he returned from his long space mission just a few weeks ago the space agency sent the astronauts here for training the terrain is what is called a planetary analog very similar to the landscape on moms. the . with friends astronauts he's a mars mission as the apex of his career the 6 and a half months he spent on the international space station i s s we're a 1st step towards potentially being part of the crew lifting off for the red planet one day. humans have to

adapt to space travel with closed recycling loops total autonomy drive technologies and the use of robots or novel materials the idea is as paves the way for future missions and puts a journey to mars into the realm of the imaginable. but. am . back in november 26th at the baikonur a space board temperatures have fallen to minus 28 degrees celsius.

the rocket is being driven to the launch pad a pretty routine occurrence in the space business preparations for the 1992nd soyuz launch. but for to mark this day this mission is the 1st. after 2 and a half years of intensive training he is about to take a seat in the small capsule 40 meters above the ground. these are his last moments on earth moments during which anticipation turns into intense concentration. he joins russian cosmonauts are they with steely and american peggy whitson as they set up for the international space station i.s.a.'s. he is the only newcomer on expedition $5051.00.

you need maximum concentration so you're taking off on iraq at what they claim it wasn't quite clear to me what that meant your tethered to a ballistic missile in the so use your fasten down everywhere only your arms can interact with the control panel otherwise you feel really tied up in the rocket is vibrating in belching smoke below you can feel. on november 17th at 2120 sharp the soyuz rocket lifts off the ground. it's a 1000 tons of fuel generating 20000000 horsepower the thrust in the 8 minutes ascent phase is enormous. tension is high for the 1st 10 minutes after the launch this is the most dangerous time.

the earth quickly begins to look like a sphere as the various stages of the launch of bring the capsule up to its orbital speed 28000 kilometers per hour. days huddled together in the so you are nightmare for anyone who is claustrophobic you're sitting in a kind of cannonball it catapulted 400 kilometers into orbit around the earth. but human strength is to be able to see that is normal otherwise you'd go crazy. right. after orbiting the earth 30 times in 2 days the crew has sole muscles but now the eye a sense is in sight. it takes more than.

2 hours of intricate maneuvering for the capsule to dock on to the space station. there's relief in the mission control center in moscow where the astronauts relatives are watching the whole operation live. the end up opens and are there peggy and tomorrow welcomed by the 3 crewmembers who arrived a month earlier. the orbiting research facility has been continuously men since the early 2000 it's where 400 kilometers above the earth they're preparing for the interplanetary missions of the future.

is this is a 900 cubic metre labyrinth with everything arranged in a manner as precise as it is complex. it's a high tickler bar eatery where microgravity turns every notion of up and down on its head. newcomers have to quickly learn how to find their way around. when you suddenly start floating around in weightlessness you can feel your own disorientation your organs of balance are out of kilter everything is distorted. your stomach feels full because everything in it is clouding. your head hurts it feels bloated because of the high pressure in your brain. these are the 1st symptoms but they disappear very quickly. at least that's how it

was with me so i was very lucky. humans are not adapted to life in space our anatomy and metabolism are geared to earthly gravity. without gravity the blood migrates from the lower to the other parts of the body creating a best overpressure that can damage the organs this phenomenon is still an obstacle to long term missions. in france the sea any s.n.'s will center for space studies is looking closely at the issue. professor felipe pay and to mark his scale have to vised a new experiment for the i s s. bob a has headed and number of research programs at the institute of space medicine and

physiology or medicine here volunteers wrapped in impermeable fabric are immersed in water filled turns this so-called dry immersion is currently the primary method available for studying the effects of microgravity on the human body down on a. sick them yet you seem really it's a good way of simulating the effects of microgravity on fluid transport in the 1st 3 hours is because the conditions in spruce are reproduced exactly. stagnation in the blood vessels the problem of the brain the eyes and the 1st this shows the devastating symptoms that can occur when bodily fluids move upwards which is the case in space. we know that over pressure can also cause the bessel walls to age as much in 6 months in space as in 30 years for a normal person on earth. the nurse or astronauts didn't find that funny at all they're not really jokesters anyway just that it wouldn't be you can make up for 6

months but we don't know if anything beyond that is reversible. may i played. during the 6 months of the i assess the crew was confronted with another essential problem of long term flights a psychological one. lets us form a cosmonaut canady padalka thing even in spaceflight circles but delta has considered an extraterrestrial he's a legend who has lived in space longer than anyone else. on 5 space missions he managed a total of $879.00 days of weightlessness that's 2 and a half years in other words the estimated duration of a journey to mars small children for about a 12 years will it ever be possible for humans to live and work on outer space.

over the last 50 years countless experiments have been carried out and more experience has been gained with each one it was almost not in use with human organism has become more resistant to the aggressive conditions in space for some of the crew members psychological compatibility is the greatest challenge or. the ideal crew or cosmonaut doesn't exist and never will we're not robots and when you're old. when you wanted to do it it was that it was you can't just slam the door between yourself and your colleagues with and but with the crew is down to find a common language and make compromises. exactly the right word of this case. over 400 astronauts have now been an orbiting space station since the 1st one was launched in 1971. the personal selection criteria for long term flights have been

honed. but no one knows yes what a group flying 2 months would ideally look like. while living our muster for apollo flight to mars we must learn to survive in space for the long term it's easiest if we do it close to the earth which is why the i s.s. is a stage on the way. it's not just a research station divorced from the mars project. a good 50 percent of what happens on the i access is about sending people even further into space. where you don't print one called on express. even further into space today everyone thinks of months when they hear that. some parts of the earth's share features with the red planet. decades of intensive

volcanic activity on lands are right in the canary islands have given it a geology that is similar to that of mars. geologist child from carol is often drawn to the island as an expert on the red planet he advises nasa. he's also an important figure in the months society and international association of scientists engineers astronauts and aerospace officials. all of them advocates a journey to mons. i shall ask yourself if on a going to mars reflects our profound urge to explore it's in our genes. let me speier the discovery of america and other planets. and we also want to find out about the origin of life. it was it a miracle that only happened on earth with a chance of 100000000000 years or was it a process that happens naturally i know that there was liquid water on mars and it

passed just because we've seen the remains of legs i really going to see old dog but see i think why shouldn't wife ever reason there to back maybe we can find the missing link between inanimate mineral matter and the 1st cells never let out of the miracle of life come about. mars may give us the answer but it cannot. it is undoubtedly fascinating but can we really send people how is that supposed to work. that situation throughout the m.r.i. as it is about 227000000 kilometers from the sun. whereas the earth is 150000000 almost orbit the sun so the path to mars isn't a straight line but a curve and i can orbit. mars is hundreds of millions of kilometers away 200 times as far as the moon these are completely different dimensions 6 at. the

most optimistic forecast estimates the voyage to mars and back will take about $640.00 days 6 months with the outbound flights a month on site and 15 months home. to travel to mars we need of course a rocket that conventional chemical propulsion engines are pretty advanced the fuel is burned with oxygen to give maximum thrust this will enable us to fly to mars in 6 months. what 5. 2 chemical rocket propulsion projects are currently making advances nonsense space launch system or s.l.s. is a deep space launch vehicle with several propulsion stages that could transport 4 people

and 50 tons of payload to mars. the space x. company with its basilan musk is behind the 2nd project with typical optimism musk has said that 2024 will be the year the colonizing of mars begins the company is working on a reusable launch vehicle and space ship that can transport a dozen astronauts into space at one go the way the various rocket parts can be reused or recycled is a revolutionary boss as far as propulsion technology for conquering distant planets is concerned the real revolution is taking place elsewhere. houston engineers from the ad astra rocket company are testing their propulsion system. was the project seems like something out of science fiction. but one of its underlying technologies is already well known the plasma propulsion

engine. plasma thrusters have been around for some years now in contrast to conventional combustion engines they work by heating and imust gas to ultra high temperatures and then accelerating it's all i know is the assamese through an electromagnetic field. the speed at the outlet nozzle reaches 180000 kilometers per hour and ensures a continuous constant thrust. this type of drive is already being used for some pro . and satellites however it can't generate the power needed to propel a space ship. but this man is trying to change that as. franklin chang diaz is

a physicist and astronauts who has been involved with more space missions than anyone else. he flew on the u.s. space shuttle 7 times for 40 years he has been working on the ideal propulsion systems. and. in 2015 that his calculations showed it would be possible to reach mars in 39 days. that number is correct. you can do this if you have a lot of power. and thus the horten thing that's where the nuclear electric propulsion comes into play. chante has his calculations involved cutting a small nuclear reactor to plasma engine to generate the necessary electrical power . my interest. was stories developing a rocket which had all the nice features of the electric

blast my rockets. the low power rockets but they had a lot a lot of power and essentially building the equivalent of the diesel engine of space something that will allow you to really move heavy massive pieces of equipment from point a to point b. . sandia says the reactor which generate the electrical energy needed for the past my engine this would offer the autonomy that no chemical drive would guarantee. chemical prefer. house and thrust his could still be used to launch and guide the spaceship into orbit where plasma engine running on nuclear power with then take over. this would considerably shorten the flight time. these are missions that are game changing that changes the chemistry of the me of

the mission the changes the architecture it reduces a great deal of the issues of human survivability all the problems that we have with physiology with the conditioning of the human body all of those things. begin to get less and less difficult. time is a crucial factor. shaping a few months off the trip means less food would be needed. as well as reducing the harmful physiological effects of long spaceflight. puts must within reach. a point follower like all other leading variable we want to minimize is the flight duration it has to be as short as possible so that we need as little logistics and as few supplies as possible because we have to recycle more to achieve this even

more than we do at the station at the moment there's still a lot to do in terms of waste management will have to grow our own lettuce will have to go without a lot of things but that won't stop us from travelling to mars. last. chance have been cultivated on the i s s with some years now including that the members of the expedition 5051 tom are a leg and above all. the program has been so popular with the astronauts that the researchers did away with an agenda and left the care of the plants to their discretion. and so on our own letters made us happy. just for us cherished and cared for especially by peggy and his hobby. but we were all happy about it we watched our salad grow and on friday evening we ate it it was a morsel of life that took on

a very special meaning to the. joy of directs that they too program at nasa as kennedy space center. this is a fairly classical project to find out how to grow plants in space and that's ensure the astronauts food self-sufficiency at some point the joy of nasa scientist colleagues train smith have quickly realized that gardening in space has more than just nutritional advantages. between 20152016 american scott kelly spent over a year with russian mission on the i is a. transmitter observed that kelly constant he sent photos and tweets of his plans . for the international space station. i want to go and check on my.

flowers of a girl here in the. columbus module. so scott when he took care of the flowers was very important for him to take ownership of the flowers in and i could tell he really enjoyed it because it through his twitter feed hey our plants aren't looking too good would be a problem on mars to my space flowers on the rebound and finally when you got the 1st bloom how does your garden grow here's my space flower he took his flower out of all around spacestation he took it to the coop a lot they had a centerpiece. for dinner and and most telling involved to me is what i saw scott and me show what there are 300 days in space and lo and behold scott's holding his space foreign to me that tells everything how important it is to both the show and scott.

i think for psychological for morale relaxation and then of course food you know having knows that fresh food is going to be very important having that connection back to earth having that little piece of nature in this very. you know hostile environment where there's a lot about all the plastics and wires running around and there's this piece of earth that they can smell they can touch and finally eat i think it means a lot to them in when we go to mars when the earth is getting smaller and smaller and smaller it's going to be even more important to have that piece of earth have that reminder of home the smell of home and then the taste of home to remind them where they come from. on board the i s s how home is only present. seen from the coop in

a penny remix the earth fills the sky. biscay never time is of watching the fascinating spectacle. but can ready you also imagine a time when our planet will no longer be visible from the spaceship. they're just well there throughout history we have never lost sight of the earth well just once for a moment when the apollo crew orbited the moon on a mars mission earth will be lost in the distance at some point you want to even feel any progress it will be like a. between the stars that will be hard when humans fly to mars the great unknown will be psychological to all the almost. 2 man leaves the station for the 1st time on the 13th of january 2017 it's his 1st spacewalk. this comes

from a seal that these are the spacesuit this one is mine it's in my size. a suit is like a real mini spacecraft equipped with all systems needed for autonomous survival in the foyer of space. communication devices protection against a vacuum in the heat including the gold visor and an integrated computer control functions are attached to the chest on the. upper the rest is in the backpack. this is very bulky and heavy but it's the price you pay for a walk in space. before the pressure chamber opens tomorrow and commander shane kimbra already. pressure on me to p.a.s.i. so that small amount of air so a question gets dumped overboard it gets expelled out into space that at 3100

hours the hatches finally open. the 1st impression is a feeling of heat and glistening lines. to close they gold visors to protect themselves from the sun's rays. they movements are not as certain as they were in the training pool it takes a few moments to get used to this new environment. and . then the mission begins replacing the space station's solar panel for the to have finished sooner than planned. given further tasks by mission control. they want to mount a photograph parts of the space station at the window openings you can see the scars left by micrometeoroid. repeaters that

will come back with you for you. in there and yes a book tamayo every outside mission is meticulously prepared you don't want to mess it up i kept thinking just watch what you're doing so nobody can say you screwed up things can go wrong because a maneuver like this is extremely complicated because i thought it's so if it fails it won't be down to me because it was so civil i want but if they speak if you do come to play you also look around you up here to gather some impressions and images that you'll remember for your entire life when you're also. just piss out of us because it is true i was on a platform above the space station as the eye and says it was 2 meters behind me and my feet were fixed to the platform where you from there i saw the earth as a sphere where you would want to be on the solar array as i could see it turning in

the distance it seemed to be rotating like a bowling ball in slow motion beneath me that was really great also. been 3. 6 hours of hard work nevertheless the moment to return to the station comes much too soon. even though the astronauts worry about making the mistake right up to the last seconds things can happen fast pass here. my biggest worry on this assignment was losing my equipment you mustn't let go even

though everything is attached with ropes and small wheels you're always worried. for awhile i thought i'd lose the bag with all the tools for a minute or 2 my heart was in my mouth. i mean we're familiar with all these disaster scenarios but of course we do everything we can to make sure they don't actually occur you don't think about it all the time either from sleeping on. one of many lasting memories. as with any exceptional experiences the astronauts senses are in turmoil and they have trouble fixing all of these impressions in their memories. section. in the airlock peggy and all the help the 2 astronauts divest their equipment to mark his scares just completed his 1st spacewalk. that works to.

the fear of losing a tool on an outside mission is shared by all astronauts no wonder since every piece of debris every object over one centimeter in diameter can cause devastating damage to a station racing by 28000 kilometers per hour. nevertheless this danger is not the biggest concern of the scientists planning a long term mission. for the earth's magnetic field protects us from cosmic rays from deep in space and from bombardment by the so-called solar wind streams of. sickles emitted by the sun. are magnificent color lights are formed when the energized particles collide with our atmosphere. but the protective shield of the earth's magnetic field doesn't extend deep a into the solar system. yellow thinks of one hazard it is radiation on the one

hand there are solar storms protons blasted out from the sun and on the other we have cosmic rays extremely high energy particles to take. a look this week says if you know of a cosmic rays hit you from all directions you need a lot of material to intercept and before they get the astronauts and damage their d.n.a. . to match radiation is a problem but there are solutions we shouldn't overdramatize it i think this really strongly football matches it. as head of the italian space agency in rome physicist roberto bettis stunt coordinated a project to shield astronauts from cosmic rays. but the problem on a may start off on. this problem has never been fully addressed but if you know this plays in for the until now the magnetic field surrounding the earth kept

radiation at an acceptable level. that's nice but sadly. it's our best chance of more but when we go deeper into space the radiation levels there are 3 to 4 times higher if we know that this entails a measurable but still considerable risk of damage he has committed cancers that can shorten the lives around us to not returning to earth by 510 or 15 years the change that he shook me in the sand me. civil yeah more than a problem if we wanted to tackle the problem of high energy cosmic rays mechanically we were and. fortunately need 3 to 4 metres of absorbent material such as water this is of course absolutely out of the question it would be far too heavy for you so this posture. this space radiation superconducting shield or s r 2 s.

project may be halfway towards finding a workable solution to the problem. its idea in itself a simple a force field generated around the spacecraft deflects the radius similar to the earth's magnetic field but as simple as the idea it is putting it into practice is highly complex it requires an extremely powerful yet lightweight superconducting magnets that work efficiently at temperatures of just above absolute 0. at cern the european organization for nuclear research cheer rossi and his team may have found the ideal material magnesium dipole ride. let's support only continued the said need to superconductivity is contained in these fine wires. or in some that are more like ribbons. this superconductivity is produced by magnesium dye boar eyes that might then be all and this material has the advantage of being very

light in my magnesium is very lightweight and to become superconducting at a temperature above that of liquid healing i'm going to feel superior. and this makes it an ideal material for magnets to protect astronauts in space on the mall in dallas boston but there's a lot of thought. yeah ok you've got the station has anti-radiation armor we even have extra protection in our sleeping cabin the banks are the best protected places with extra shielding in the event of a solar storm a sudden increase in solar activity or an ion bombardment we flee into our sleeping berths. and ideas as as to know what absolute 60 percent more radiation in a single day than

a person at sea level on earth does in a year however even this amount is still considered homeless. radiation levels may be one of the main challenges facing man's mission this but there are others to. escape dreams of future missions but for the engineer this a must landing is the stuff of nightmares. one in 3 unmanned missions that has failed so far. and the whole 100 not one of the. biggest problems for a mars mission is the landing because of the rapid descent into the martian atmosphere at 5 or 6 kilometers per 2nd with a heavy load for them on it to date we've dropped one ton of payload on mars but a man to be a cool way 30 times and we don't know how to do that yet you have to multiply

everything. the heat shield of a small probe is 5 meters in diameter with a 30 ton or that'll be 25 meters and it's like we're not capable of launching a device with the diameter of 25 meters from the earth into space it's a shield like that naturally causes drag and at twice the speed of sound the spaceship is traveling at 2000 kilometers per hour so it needs another braking device in parachutes but in the thin atmosphere of mars parachutes can't do a lot to do celebrate 30 times you'd need a parachute with a diameter of 80 meters that's practically the size of a football stadium but that's good and even with this parachute fully deployed you'd still drop from the sky like a stone at 300 kilometers per hour it needs retro rockets and they have to kick in within minutes and if it goes wrong you're dead so everything has to be worked out to last detail. for the schick landing on mars is like

a game of chess you know there are lots of solutions and scenarios and strategies that we can play through we'll see which one went like it was the. it's. the gravity on the surface of mars is only about 38 percent of that on earth so $100.00 kilos human being weighs only $38.00 kilos on mars that should be enough for the muscles to work but bones to stay firm and so forth but this is basically only speculation since how an organism will actually adapt to these can do. over a long period of time has never been properly investigated on mars we have to do a lot of sport as we're already doing on the i assess if people don't leave the module they'll need muscle training and gymnastics.

physical exercise is an important part of the astronauts daily routine in the i s s every team activity as essential as sleeping or eating. in space you just float around there are many muscles that you don't use at all we have to exercise for 2 and a half hours a day to counteract all bone and muscle loss so that's there's trail. goodness exercises also help the astronauts we learned. they prefer to use the erik's a strength training device specially designed for muscle training in weightlessness which has the added grace advantage of being opposite the coop. now takes place under the eyes of the space agency's medical teams muscular atrophy

can be compensated for quite easily using bone density is a more serious problem. and valerie not because of study bone loss in the astronauts who have competed as missions. i want to share the show you mine your village and we are focusing on the d mineralisation of the bones during the roughly 6 month flight as we can see from these graphs the loss of bone density is approximately 7 percent history to give you a comparison the average loss of bone density in post-menopausal women is 2 percent a year she face which this. as governor normal conditions if you like men show hardly any loss but a newsman here we're looking at about a 7 percent loss in bone density what if. you just keep what you do when you're a little if these crowds are not want to fly to mars they'll have to counter these

bone structure changes his reasoning any input it's favorable that's not. meet the mission on the i s s is drawing to a close and the crew is torn between melancholy and impatience to finally get home . to map a scale takes his camera into the cooler for one last time. it's a paradox out in space beyond the earth's atmosphere the astronauts are mainly struck by the fragility of our mother planets. that interest us misapply made it appear from a distance you see the consequences of human actions with your own eyes you can see how fragile our planet is one of you realize it's not just a theory it's really like that i mean earth is basically just a big spaceship with its motley crew and its limited resources we have to look after at a. time or

place kate documented the earth for 196 days the 1st thing that catches the eye and his face has is our planet's buzy. but the frenchman has also taken a critical stance on some aspects like growing up in density. having the chance to observe at a remove of 400 kilometers has given me as to north a sense of social responsibility. are all the time we have the role of witnesses even photojournalists my message and i'm not the only one to say that is the earth is fragile and we must take care of. my photos make people think about that then the mission has already been a success. and if the what are we going to mars the great adventure of the 21st century is to save our planet that i will take some doing again.

best use of bush was in the most region as one of the earth's great treasures and that's why when a. man who national park in peru is now seriously threatened by a human creature the judge covers a wide area and it's been going on for 10 years the wealth of biodiversity sacrificed money on time and profit in 30 minutes on t.w. .

to put your reason. to leave yourself org. there you'll next you tube channel subscribe and don't miss out. the world is getting worse and. more catastrophe a lot of problems. the global $3000.00 talks would seem a british researchers who take a more optimistic view. though while it is not always a good plan but it's much much better than it was a shock. is the world really getting better. a global $3000.00 special reports. starts august 19th sunday to.

cut. this is d. w. newsline from berlin warnings of a humanitarian catastrophe aboard a migrant ship. additions grow desperate to board the open arms 2 weeks after italy refused to let it enter but an offer to dock in spain has also been rejected also coming up on kong streets filled with protesters but not with tear gas massive rallies this weekend are relatively free of violence after a week marred by intense clashes.