and all the boy says. the 77 percent we talk about the issues that. this is. the 77 percent this weekend on g.w. . iran russia north korea venezuela what do these nations have in common they're all targets of economic sanctions sanctions a punishment for misbehavior they are a weapon in the geopolitical game and if they don't have the desired effect the next step could be military action but are sanctions useful do they work that's

what we're looking at today in terms of 14 russia occupy than an x. the crimean peninsula in contravention of international law thus a further destabilizing ukraine country that is regarded as a partner by the european union so the e.u. imposed economic sanctions against russia in response they may not have prompted vladimir putin to change his ways but they have affected businesses on both sides as it turns out not always for the worse while some european exporters a hurting production in certain sectors in russia is flourishing apparently as a direct consequence it's complicated. dairy farming in russia. engineering companies in germany. and the military conflict in ukraine how are these 3 connected. this

engineering company in eastern germany makes ultrasonic cleaning machines there in demand worldwide good business for the manufacturer and its export agent for decades the export agent has had close trading ties with russia. here in eastern germany we've always had a head start on the russian market trusted us and relations generally were good the chemistry between supply and customer was good and we've benefited from that in the past it really helped us but unfortunately it's no longer working for us. geopolitics got in the way the ukraine revolution russia's annexation of crimea and the war in eastern ukraine. the european union responded by imposing economic sanctions on russia including a ban on the export of military goods a major problem for the german cleaning machine company the sonic. machines and i

know all our machines have dual use capability that means they can be used for peaceful purposes but they can also be used for military purposes that's the problem with our equipment. so the company has foregone business with russia worth 300000 euros it's also frustrating 50 sonic's export agent. we're being replaced by suppliers from other countries especially china taiwan south korea and japan we've been to russia many times and we see they're still getting machines we're clearly being replaced. russia responded with counter sanctions it banned e.u. food imports french cheese german sausage all vanished from russian supermarket shelves they were placed with domestic products a bonanza for the country's agricultural industry russia's largest dairy conglomerate. turns out $2200.00 tons of milk every day their

output has more than tripled since the e.u. imposed sanctions on russia. state is taking on a powerful stimulus role it subsidizes various agricultural sectors milk production sugar beet cultivation and many others besides and it subsidizes loans to invest in machinery and livestock. modern machinery has boosted production and opened up new business opportunities eco neither used to only sell milk now it also produces fear yogurt and cheese the company has taken on an extra $10000.00 workers tick. hope with the expansion. of the queue. every day you've got a new task. that helps you to improve yourselves and to grow together with the company. back in eastern germany our export agent hans

van or has now joined forces with other companies to lobby the government they want the sanctions on russia to be eased so they can start trading again. it's about finding ways and means of protecting our economic interests worldwide. it's not just russia this applies to other countries as well. we have to try as europeans to get along with countries that don't have the kind of democracy that we have. banner has ambitious plans given that he can't explore to russia anymore the plan now is to simply manufacture machines in russia together with a business partner they. think should start taking shape by the end of the year at the latest that we found aside incarnates of support over there that's our goal for now. and russia's eco neither dairy it

also has ambitions plans it intends to triple production again over the coming years and starting in october the company will be supplying milk to china. as children we all have received punishment in one form or another corporal punishment was allowed in german schools until 973 i remember being at the receiving end of slaps and flying pieces of chalk more than once today that is a thing of the past and here in germany parents also have to find different ways to punish the unruly children they may withhold treats or other benefits from kids to teach them a lesson what about adults who want other adults to improve their behavior and what about entire countries. what our sanction. grounded for a while. no cell phone and ice cream forget it some

parents think the punishment will change their offsprings behavior cure them of say skipping school always being late. never tidying their rooms. but does it work just psychologists tend to say not really because such sanctions trigger incomprehension and fury rarely a billions. off and there's no connection between misdeed and punishment so it feels arbitrary or consequences aren't systematically enforced or there's too much of a delay as an exercise in power imposing sanctions hurts and humiliates the target it rarely leads to accepting responsibility or a change in behavior that's with kids what about sanctioning states when one country or international bodies such as the european union imposes economic sanctions to try to force a change of behavior in another country trade in goods and services is cut tailed

the scope can vary targets can be individuals companies or state bodies assets in foreign bank accounts are often frozen travel also curtailed that hits the economy of the sanctions country and the population as a whole who often already poor and facing shortages so do sanctions fulfill their purpose it's rarely easy to say some argue that those imposed on russia venezuela and cuba are not nearly as effective as intended by contrast it's often said that trade on financial sanctions on south africa contributed to the end of the apartheid regime and the transition to democracy in 1904. so are sanctions a bad idea or not should they never be imposed it's argued that they prevented wars and that it's important to push back against bad actors without resorting to military means but sanctions need to be smart the entities imposing them need to remain alert and responsive and they should never close the door on dialogue with

a target country. that might not sound as bad but tariffs nothing else than economic sanctions donald trump has been busy slapping sorrows on chinese goods recently and of course china is slapping back it is far from clear which side is hurting more and what a resolution of the conflict might look like trump is still pondering imposing tariffs on european cars as well when if ever tariffs a good idea in order to assure free trade or creates an advantage our reporter christiane puts helio's met a prominent us executive working for us multinational here in germany who speaks like a true diplomat. it's 7 in the morning at the united parcel service distribution center in germany u.p.s.'s the world's largest package delivery company more than

half the packages are sent by companies not private individuals i'm here to meet frank spartan arre the head of u.p.s. germany it has a workforce of 20000 but most are also delivering packages. so mr spock to ari and how far is dependent on the spirit of liberal markets. well u.p.s. is a company that lives for and from global trade right somewhere in favor of anything that will help create a fair free global market and our customers depend on us to be able to deliver their products all over the world and the best way to be able to do that instead few trade barriers. transporter larry is also president of the american chamber of commerce and drama a lobby group that represents about $1500.00 u.s. and german fair what does he think of trade sanctions for example the u.s.

sanctions against well way u.s. firms are barred from selling chips and software to the chinese telecoms giant and punitive sanctions have also been slapped on all kinds of chinese goods including steel isn't that a ton protectionism. the chinese government as you know heavily invested in controlling key industries it's not a free economy and by using those policies china is taking advantage of the naive idiot of the west according to president trumpet so i think in the case of china there were there should be very few people in the west that don't agree ok we should have some kind of policy after of the occupation for. some forces of. ukraine we have also sanctions against russia right and there's a lot of people particularly in germany who argue that the russian sanctions are

counterproductive counterargument to that one is ok that's very self-serving germany is one of the major trading partners of russia and so they're willing to sacrifice a political goals for the sake of economic goals the u.s. also impose tariffs on imports of european steel and aluminum the e.u. has responded in kind to trumpet administration says it's considering imposing terrorists on european cars arguing that e.u. tariffs on imports from the u.s. higher overall and the other way around frank spartina interprets the u.s. position as an art show negotiate or out i would not necessarily call president trump protectionist stick. he is quite willing to use tariffs and other economic sanctions and methods to achieve his goals but his stated goal is to create

a level playing field and he himself actually offered to eliminate all tariffs between europe and the u.s. . says he wants to revive heavy industry in the u.s. and domestic steel production and car sales by slapping tariffs on imports is this a reasonable strategy prices up gone up in the u.s. prices are always going to go up when tariffs go up and interesting lay enough when a tariff is imposed domestic producers also are able to raise their prices for the economy at large there's rarely evidence that tariffs like this over you know a period of time produce anything positive. transporter lottery says he wants punitive chatter of 3 moved and her. we can stow averred and global trade more. everything but arms that's the name of an e.u.

program to promote peace and stability around the world it allows emerging economies to export all products except guns to the e.u. without tariffs but only if these countries have democratic standards and guarantee human rights has been part of the program for some years but now the e.u. is worried about the human rights situation there and is threatening to pull the plug and there's a lot at stake can both dia exports to the e.u. come to $5400000000.00 euros while european companies only export $800000000.00 euros worth of products that makes the e.u. cambodia 2nd biggest trading partner after china losing a tariff free staters would. come badia has a huge garment industry at this factory the workers have 6 day weeks and earn the minimum wage the equivalent of $165.00 euros

a month. from nike to added as many leading global brands have their wares made in cambodia. garments and shoes make up more than 90 percent of the country's exports. the volume is growing and the largest market is the european union where the imports currently incur no duties and there are no quotas. this trade regime holds as long as the e.u. is confident that come botha is in compliance with core human and labor rights a lot is at stake as the head of the port in c. a nuclear makes clear import. mostly from china because we export. to the to europe then to united state but export mostly to europe and import mostly raw material from china the e.u. has identified major problems with regard to basic rights and is considering

suspending cum podiums preferential status under its e.p.a. scheme one problem is political repression it's a longstanding issue in the one party state but things are getting worse the main opposition party has been closed down and the right of assembly is not respected when opposition activists gather to commemorate ken lay a prominent political commentator human rights defender and government critic murdered in 2016 they were arrested. they continue to call for a proper investigation of his death. the government doesn't tolerate public demonstrations let alone opposition political rallies in private this human rights group mourns the loss of can lay. here really regret in term of a separate last such a corruption a guy who spoke out against the human rights violations it tumbled year a guy who spoke out against the gathering to be transparency accountability and

effective administrative services through the post in society. this factory near phnom penh makes seat covers for german car manufacturers. if the e.u. withdraws cambodia's preferential status as a trading partner duties will be imposed on its exports to europe. made goods would then cost more in the e.u. and production might be shifted elsewhere. the director of the company has looked at the numbers. when everything but. facts. because the way. our products will start being backed between 2 us 6 percent 80 percent of all products we have taxing off between $14.00 and off it 20 percent or 6 percent the difference comes from the. last 30 which are products are being

categorized some experts doubt that suspending cambodia from the e.p.a. program would make much difference to the country's economy john so powerful one says the impact would have been much greater a few years ago. there will be some negative effect. slower growth of course some work to be laid off but i think it will not be a disaster because the size of the economy and the vibrancy. now. this is not the consensus view however some argue that the threatened e.u. withdrawal of preferential status would be a painful blow to the country. at a gathering in phnom penh of european business people active in cambodia many said they feared that thousands of jobs could be lost if the threat became reality.

as you mention present him with yeah we are against the suspension was missing it would be counterproductive we don't sing it with you when you're on your. european business trip as well as. the garment industry employs about $750000.00 people most of them young women they work on average 8 to 10 hours a day labor rights is another of the areas in which the e.u. sees significant problems working conditions are in some respects very poor how people get to work is an issue. most garment workers are transported to their factories on the back of trucks often over long distances. they're jammed into overcrowded many buses. this is a problem common to many countries in southeast asia.

my son meet and put my work for a labor union that represents textile workers it's demanding safer and better transportation for factory workers. serious accidents are much too frequent and often involve fatalities. many of the vehicles are in terrible condition and nobody takes responsibility for ensuring their safe to operate. we need the support of the e.u. so we can raise the pressure on the factory owners the unions alone are too weak the investors especially those from china will do whatever they want with their workers we need help from europe. the e.u. has a difficult decision to make sanction cambodia because of human rights violations or maintain its preferential trade status so as not to put textile workers out of

a job. or punishments might sometimes work but there can be better ways to get people to do what you want 1st question can be much more effective positive reinforcement and in direct suggestions that's the basis of nudge theory it's become a trend of behavioral economics and political theory it's a soft and cuddly way of exercising power and be benign so to encourage people to stop smoking but it can be dark as well you and i are being nudged every day without even noticing it and that under cover element is key to the success of the nudge. sensible or sweet which is it to be that's only one of thousands of decisions we all make every day what influences our choices and can we somehow be influenced without being sanctioned perhaps with

a little nudge towards the more sensible choice touchingly is a behavioral scientist she analyzes what influences our decision making. where in austin a brick university is cafeteria nothing is left to chance here the salad bar is position center stage to encourage healthy eating this is to sell books especially appealing i still have all the other options but they're behind me right now. so the salads the focus. something like this would also be a good set up for school cafeteria for more. everyone still free to order french fries and other less than healthy foods but the students are eating more salads these days cafeterias design in the presentation of the food influences their choices it's a technique known as nudging and that thing has as much the concept of nudging encompasses

a range of techniques which all relate to what's called choice architecture that sounds more complicated than it actually is essentially it relates to the world we live in our environment and how it's designed and structured. these nudging techniques make it more likely that we'll make a particular choice. and that was the forehead so that even if. let's take another scenario nudging to conserve resources the amount of paper we use is powerfully influenced by one click in this little check box generally it's the printer's default settings that determine whether something's printed on a single page or double sided. that says this is a kind of choice architecture which aims to elicit a specific behavior that people typically take the path of least resistance the decision that's offered to them by default especially when it comes to things we do almost automatically the default setting has

a major impact on how people behave. but also why it's smart to look at your previous e defaults they're often set by companies who want to scoop up as much of our data as they can. another form of nudging is disclosure information that describes how others are behaving. most people like to compare themselves to others and to belong. this is how it works take energy usage for example if people can see what the average power consumption is for their region and how much their neighbors use them more likely to save energy. but it works with a lot of people who want to be part of the group that's also evident in other areas like social media. it's an effective mechanism but. looking to

influence people's decisions about what companies try to do in their marketing campaigns what about this fitness group they do tough workouts twice a week and hardly anyone trips out but why while they paid in advance but that's not all. that's in the middle fund it's a blend of 3. first there's the initial decision to commit to a set period of time in this case 9 weeks that's the 1st night. then there are personal reminders that you get if you miss training or just weren't in the middle. the 3rd manch is also kind of social norm of being embedded in a social context so these 3 notches are at work here. so much is a like a small push towards making a beneficial choice it can be very effective although not always and not with everyone. not with us here on the view as we

come to an end of this week's edition of may so use. good. good. good. good. good. good. good.

good to. have. to come up for the for a research project climate protection of students from 20 countries involved in a scientific expedition to child powers to collect some all from to devise the same time in the good sense of the stumper is just more the project will help them just spread environmental awareness i kind of. really want to share that there's a lot that we can. be the 30000000 spawning d.w. people.

s.o.s. europe the european idea is in crisis. if it's to have a future it will be champions young champions. me . to your country explain your function for the training for the jerk i. do they stand a chance folk and they save the european idea if. i need to stand up for european values and contribute to something important that. the future of europe starts september 2nd on d w.

going to unofficial estimates more than 1200000 venezuelans live in colombia legally and illegally. returned to venezuela. to visit friends i don't think i'd ever go back there to live you know where i live there again i don't know so i'm not sure. witness global news that matters. made for minds. i'm not laughing at that well i guess sometimes i am but i stand up in which the government. thinks deep into the german culture of looking at the stereotype the question that is think the future of the country that i not blame. yet you don't seem to take his grandmother day out. it's cold out there bob i might show join me to meet the germans on a. plane

. plane. this is coming to. you can't prime minister boris johnson heads to europe to try and persuade london and paris to change the brakes agreement and scrap the irish backstops many suggest the johnson commission but and here is a long reason why certain. people will try.