everyone but. the lack of water these are equally dangerous. people to see people in the south so they can plant crops and trying to make the system. floods and droughts with climate change become the main driver of mass migration you can write any apocalyptic scenarios you want and probably more the political. climate exodus starts september 5th on g.w. . iran russia north korea venezuela what do these nations have in common well they're all targets of economic sanctions sanctions up punishments for misbehave they are

a weapon in the geopolitical game and if they don't have the desired effect the next step could be military action but our sanctions useful do they work that's what we're looking at today in terms of 14 russia occupy than an x. the crimean peninsula in contravention of international law thus a further destabilizing ukraine country that is regarded as a partner by the european union so the e.u. imposed economic sanctions against russia in response they may not have prompted vladimir putin to change his ways but they have affected businesses on both sides and as it turns out not always for the worse while some european exporters i heard saying production in certain sectors in russia is flourishing apparently as a direct consequence it's complicated. dairy farming in russia.

engineering companies in germany. and the military conflict in ukraine how are these 3 connected. this engineering company in eastern germany makes ultrasonic cleaning machines there in demand worldwide good business for the money factory and its export agent for decades the export agent has had close trading ties with russia. it's. here in eastern germany we've always had a head start on the russian market trusted us and relations generally were good the chemistry between supply and customer was good and we've benefited from that in the past it really helped us but unfortunately it's no longer working for us. geopolitics got in the way the ukraine revolution russia's annexation of crimea and the war in eastern ukraine. the european union responded by imposing economic

sanctions on russia including a ban on the export of military goods a major problem for the german cleaning machine company the sonic. machines in all our machines have dual use capability that means they can be used for peaceful purposes but they can also be used for military purposes that's the problem with our equipment. so the company has foregone business with russia worth 300000 euros it's also frustrating if it is sonics export agent. we're being replaced by suppliers from other countries especially china taiwan south korea and japan we've been to russia many times and we see they're still getting machines we're clearly being replaced. russia responded with counter sanctions it banned e.u. food imports french cheese german sausage all vanished from russian supermarket

shelves they were replaced with domestic products a bonanza for the country's agricultural industry russia's largest dairy conglomerate eco neither turns out $2200.00 tons of milk every day their output has more than tripled since the e.u. imposed sanctions on russia. the. state is taking on a powerful stimulus role it subsidizes various agricultural sectors milk production sugar beet cultivation and many others besides and it subsidizes the loans to invest in machinery and livestock because a lot of. modern machinery has boosted production and opened up new business opportunities eco neither used to only sell milk now it also produces could feed your goat and cheese the company has taken on an extra 10000 workers to. hope with the expansion. of the do you go every day you've got

a new task. that helps you to improve yourselves and to grow together with the company. back in eastern germany our export agent hans van or has now joined forces with other companies to lobby the government they want the sanctions on russia to be eased so they can start trading again. it's about finding ways and means of protecting our economic interests worldwide. it's not just russia this applies to other countries as well. we have to try as europeans to get along with countries that don't have the kind of democracy that we have. hands all the banner has ambitious plans given that he can't explore to russia anymore the plan now this is simply manufacture machines in russia together with

a business partner. giving should start taking shape by the end of the year at the latest that we found aside and garnered some support over there that's our goal for now. and russia's eco neiva dairy it also has on business plans it intends to triple production again over the coming years and starting in october the company will be supplying milk to china. as children we all have received punishment in one form or another corporal punishment was allowed in german schools until 973 i remember being at the receiving end of slaps and flying pieces of chalk more than once today that is a thing of the past and here in germany parents also have to find different ways to punish the unruly children they may withhold treats or other benefits from kids to teach them a lesson what about adults who want other adults to improve their behavior and what

about entire countries. what our sanction. grounded for a week. no cell phone that ice cream forget it some parents think the punishment will change their offsprings behavior cure them of say skipping school always being late. never tidying their rooms. but does it work child psychologists tend to say not really because such sanctions trigger incomprehension and fury rarely a b.d. ans. often there's no connection between misdeeds and punishment so it feels arbitrary or consequences aren't systematically enforced or there's too much of a delay as an exercise in power imposing sanctions hurts and humiliates the target it rarely leads to accepting responsibility or a change in behavior that's with kids what about sanctioning states when one

country or international bodies such as the european union impose economic sanctions to try to force a change of behavior in another country trade in goods and services is cut tailed the scope can vary targets can be individuals companies or state bodies assets in foreign bank accounts are often frozen travel also curtailed that hits the economy of the sanctioned country and the population as a whole who are often already poor and facing shortages so do sanctions fulfill their purpose it's rarely easy to say some argue that those imposed on russia venezuela and cuba are not nearly as effective as intended by contrast it's often said that trade on financial sanctions on south africa contributed to the end of the apartheid regime and the transition to democracy in 1904. so our sanctions a bad idea are not should they never be imposed it's argued that they prevented

wars and that it's important to push back against bad actors without resorting to military means but sanctions need to be smart the entities imposing them need to remain alert and responsive and they should never close the door on dialogue with a target country. that might not sound as bad but tariffs nothing else than economic sanctions donald trump has been busy slapping tariffs on chinese goods recently and of course china is slapping back it is far from clear which side is hurting more and what a resolution of the conflict might look like trump is still pondering imposing tariffs on european cars as well when if ever tariffs a good idea in order to show a free trade or creates an advantage our reporter christiane good serious met a prominent u.s. executive working for us multinational here in germany who speaks like

a true diplomat. it's 7 and the morning at a united parcel service distribution center in germany u.p.s.'s the words lodge's package delivery company more than half the packages are sent by companies not private individuals i'm here to meet frank's part of the head of u.p.s. germany it has a workforce of 20000 but most are out delivering packages. so mr spotted laurie and how far is u.p.s. dependent on the spirit of liberal markets. well u.p.s. is a company that lives for and from global trade right so where in favor of anything that will help create a fair free global market. customers depend on us to be able to deliver their products all over the world and the best way to be able to do that is to have few trade barriers.

transporter larry is also president of the american chamber of commerce and drama fellow b. group that represents about $1500.00 u.s. an interim unfair what does he think of trade sanctions for example the u.s. sanctions against well way u.s. firms are barred from selling chips and software to the chinese telecoms giant and punitive sanctions have also been snapped on all kinds of chinese goods including steel isn't that protectionism. the chinese government as you know heavily invested in controlling key industries it's not a free economy and by using most policies china is taking advantage of the naive it he of the west according to president trumpet so i think in the case of china there were there should be very few people in the west that don't agree ok we should have some kind of policy off of the occupation for. some forces of.

ukraine we have also sanctions against russia right and there's a lot of people particularly in germany who argue that the russian sanctions at qana put out the counterargument to that one is ok that's very self-serving in germany is one of the major trading partners of russia and so they're willing to sacrifice a political goals for the sake of economic goals the u.s. is also impose tariffs on imports of european steel and aluminum the e.u. has responded in kind to trumpet administration says it's considering imposing terrorists on european cars arguing that e.u. tariffs on imports from the u.s. higher overall than the other way around frank spartina interprets the u.s. position as in not show negotiate or outs i would not necessarily call president trump protectionist stick he is quite willing to use

tariffs and other economic sanctions and methods to achieve his goals but his stated goal is to create a level playing field and he himself actually offered to eliminate all tariffs between europe and the u.s. . some says he wants to revive heavy industry in the u.s. and domestic steel production and car sales by slapping tariffs on imports is this a reasonable strategy prices have gone up in the u.s. prices are always going to go up when tariffs go up and interest in only enough when a tariff is imposed domestic producers also are able to raise their prices for the economy at large there's rarely evidence that tariffs like this over you know up period of time produce anything positive. transporter lottery says he wants punitive tatter of 3 moved and hopes we can still avert

a global trade will. everything but arms that's the name of an e.q. program to promote peace and stability around the world it allows emerging economies to export all products except guns to the e.u. without tariffs but only if these countries have democratic standards and guarantee human rights has been part of their program for some years but now the e.u. is worried about the human rights situation there and is threatening to pull the plug and there's a lot at stake can boediono exports to the e.u. come to $5400000000.00 euros while european companies only export $800000000.00 euros worth of products that makes the e.u. can both be a 2nd biggest trading partner after china losing a tariff free staters would. come bodi or has

a huge garment industry at this factory the workers have 6 day weeks and earn the minimum wage the equivalent of $165.00 euros a month. from nike too added as many leading global brands have their wares made in cambodia. garments and shoes make up more than 90 percent of the country's exports. the volume is growing and the largest market is the european union where the imports currently incur no duties and there are no quotas. this trade regime holds as long as the e.u. is confident that cambodia is in compliance with core human and labor rights a lot is at stake as the head of the port and see a nuclear makes clear import. mostly from china because we export. to the to europe then to notice that the export mostly to europe

and import mostly the raw material from china the e.u. has identified major problems with regard to basic rights and is considering suspending come podiums preferential status under its e.p.a. scheme one problem is political repression it's a longstanding issue in the one party state but things are getting worse the main opposition party has been closed down and the right of assembly is not respected when opposition activists gather to commemorate ken lay a prominent political commentator human rights defender and government critic murdered in 2016 they were arrested. they continue to call for a proper investigation of his death. the government doesn't tolerate public demonstrations let alone opposition political rallies in private this human rights group mourns the loss of can lay.

here really regret in a separate last such a corruption. against the human rights violations. a guy who spoke. to the transparency accountability and in effect if i've missed it if so he says to the a body in society. this factory near phnom penh make seat covers for german car manufacturers. if the e.u. withdraws cambodia's preferential status as a trading partner duties will be imposed on its exports to europe. cambodian made goods would then cost more in the e.u. and production might be shifted elsewhere. the director of the company has looked at the numbers. when. facts. come our products will start being backed between 2 us 6 percent 80 percent of all

products with. between $14.00 and off it 20 percent or 6 percent the difference comes from. class 30 which our products are being categorized some experts doubt that suspending cambodia from the e.p.a. program would make much difference to the country's economy john so powerful one says the impact would have been much greater a few years ago. there will be some negative effect. slower growth of course and some workers to be laid off but i think not be a disaster because the size of the economy and the vibrancy is large enough now. this is not the consensus view however. some argue that the threatened e.u. withdrawal of preferential status would be a painful blow to the country. at

a gathering in phnom penh of european business people active in cambodia many said they feared that thousands of jobs could be lost if the threat became reality. as a group it should present them with yeah we are against the suspension of the e.u. was missing it would be counterproductive we don't sing with you when you're on your board if you think you can do this just as well. the garment industry employs about $750000.00 people most of them young women they work on average 8 to 10 hours a day labor rights is another of the areas in which the e.u. sees significant problems working conditions are in some respects very poor how people get to work is an issue. most garment workers are transported to their factories on the back of trucks often over long distances. all their jammed

into overcrowded many buses. this is a problem contours of many countries in southeast asia. my son meet and more i work for a labor union that represents textile workers it's demanding safer and better transportation for factory workers. serious accidents are much too frequent and often involve fatalities. many of the vehicles are in terrible condition and nobody takes responsibility for ensuring their safe to operate. we need the support of the e.u. so we can raise the pressure on the factory owners the unions alone a 2 week the investors especially those from china will do whatever they want with their workers we need help from europe. the e.u.

has a difficult decision to make sanction cambodia because of human rights violations who maintain its preferential trade status so as not to put textile workers out of a job. punishment sometimes work but there can be better ways to get people to do what you want 1st question can be much more effective positive reinforcement and in direct suggestions that's the basis of nudge theory it's become a trend of behavioral economics and political theory it's a soft and cuddly way of exercising power of noticing that undercover element is key to the success of the nudge. sensible. which is it to be that's only one of thousands of decisions we all make every day what influences our choices and can we somehow be influenced without being

sanctioned perhaps with a little nudge towards the more sensible choice. is a behavioral scientist she analyzes what influences our decision making. where in austin a brick university is cafeteria nothing is left to chance here the salad bar is positioned center stage to encourage healthy eating this is to be the salad looks especially appealing i still have all the other options but they're behind me right now. so the salads the focus right something like this would also be a good set up for school cafeteria for more. everyone still free to order french fries and other less than healthy foods but the students are reaching more salads these days the cafeterias design and the presentation of the food influences their choices it's a technique known as nudging and acting as if most of the concept of nudging

encompasses a range of techniques which all relate to what's called choice architecture that sounds more complicated than it actually is essentially it relates to the world we live in our environment and how it's designed and structured. these nudging techniques make it more likely that will make a particular choice. than it was the 5 heads or that even if. let's take another scenario noting to conserve resources the amount of paper we use is powerfully influenced by one click in this little check box generally it's the printer's default settings that determine whether something's printed on a single page or double sided. that says this is a kind of choice architecture which aims to elicit a specific behavior people typically take the path of least resistance the decision that's offered to them by default. especially when it comes to things we do almost

automatically the default setting has a major impact on how people behave. that's also why it's smart to look at your privacy defaults they're often set by companies who want to scoop up as much of our data as they can. another form of nudging is disclosure information that describes how others are behaving most people like to compare themselves to others and to belong. this is how it works take energy usage for example if people can see what the average power consumption is for their region and how much their neighbors use they're more likely to save energy. you know mention it works with a lot of people who want to be part of the group that's also evident in other areas like social media. it's an effective mechanism but. no tears are looking to

influence people's decisions that's what companies try to do in their marketing campaigns what about this fitness cream they do tough workouts twice a week and hardly anyone drops out but why well they paid in advance but that's not all. that is the mission fund has a blend of 3 mansions. first there's the initial decision to commit to a set period of time in this case 9 weeks of this that's the 1st one she. does and then there are personal reminders that you get if you miss training or just weren't in the middle this is the 3rd night and is also kind of social norm of being embedded in a social context these 3 notches are at work here. so not just unlike a small push towards making a beneficial choice it can be very effective full though not always and not with

everyone. well i'd like to not judge a story with us here on t.w. as we come to an end of this week's edition of my use of. the.

enter the conflict zone with tim sebastian the following east european state of moldova has a new coalition government my guest this week is going to be mature but i face presidents of the outgoing democratic and the former justice minister with moldova now firewood for corruption fizzy ashamed of these policies record in conflicts of 30 minutes in dublin.

gentiles and here's a few minutes history will soon disappear klunder water. challenge us on occasion southeastern turkey will be settled by a huge reservoir behind a new hydroelectric dam what will happen to the local residents will become of the region's unique cultural heritage. sun case waiting for the flood. cut to menace the dutch. s.o.s. europe the european idea is in crisis. if it's to have a future it will need champions young champions. meet for activists and support the countries. they are fighting for the train stations are up. do they stand a chance. can they same think european idea.

what might get the need to stand up for european values and contribute to something important to upset. the future of europe starts september 2nd on d w. nothing happens again jeff sometimes i am but i found nothing which should happen before jennifer thinks deep into the german culture and stereotypes clash that is think the future of the country that i now live. via mutants in the big finish grama day out to you it's all that they know i'm a joke join me from the jevons and beat up the. post. the quiet melody resounds mind the light of the mood. ready and did

zimri. resonate with a new song. the mind and the music. be told from 1st bond 2019 from september 6th to september 29th. u.k. prime minister barak's johnson has begun a week of crucial matings on bret's and here in berlin with chancellor angela merkel johnson is trying to renegotiate london steel with the e.u. by october 31st when it will crash out of the bloc merkel expressed optimism about the chances of that happening but pointed out that what to do about the future.