a new york city train with. a 6. shooter as you start september 2nd d. w. . you're watching tomorrow today the science show on g.w. coming up. what's in a voice how pitch tempo and internation influence the success of the speech. it's all about cartlidge arthritis is one of the most common joint disorders we made a scientist who hopes to curate. and continuing our journey in one box footsteps we look at the legacy of slavery in the 1st freetown in the americas.

many animals communicate via their voices and pitchin intonation play a key role in the process because those elements predate any kind of language or grammar in humans what you say is often less important than how you say it. u.s. president barack obama. finds this nation together is not the color of our skin apple's steve jobs. 3 separate device. this is what the but i german politician great is made of washed the obama. 3 charismatic speakers with something to say but if you think that content is the main aspect of speaking you're wrong how we say it is much more important. it's been so for. the quality of the voice and the intonation played the biggest

role in bringing across a statement to the listener researchers say. this catalyst will not only can i measure how well you speak i can also turn you into a better speaker. together with fanatics expert oliver neber we've devised an experiment we invited 12 volunteers to a recording studio half of them made up the jury and the other half for a test group they all had to read the same passage from good says classic play faust. haven't. features a fee you list i won't meet seen one flight out to be our philosophy your list i mean it seems. that. on pins a clue before the jury members couldn't see the speakers but only judge their voices. as a doctor on see

a show on. this that sounded like a math professor writing on the board for me or staccato pretty fast yeah the jury could award between one and 10 points isin my guess that has the dr guy and c.s. sure and saying yeah she was really into the role but yeah through march he said to much oliver niebuhr has devised a formula to determine how the perfect charismatic voice sounds he analyzes voices according to various parameters including tempo rhythm melody volume and pauses by measuring 16 parameters he comes up with a value of what he calls acoustic charisma the highest possible score is 100 can his method predict the jury's results neber used it to pick the top 3. nino placed 1st features of feet i don't need. 2nd place went to

fire. right on scene and lucas came in 3rd but. for those who feel you was too high you made it seem. so what were the jury scores they also thought nina was the best but 2nd in 3rd place were switched. the other spots were the same for the computer calculation and the jury almost identical why. because the voice is an ancient means of communication much older than our word choice our words are syntax and our grammar so it's directly linked to our perception and emotions and to our decisions every listener creates an image exactly like our system does. on this team and what makes certain voices convincing even seductive need were analyzed recorded speeches by famous people like facebook had mark zuckerberg and apple founder steve jobs such. a revolutionary mobile phone

and a breakthrough internet communications was an additional support on me to one of the key parameters as the range of pitch and jobs is ranges more than 2 octaves or $24.00 halftones zuckerberg remains under one octave or slightly over 11 half tons . but what what i can assure you is that we're hard at work making sure that people don't misuse this platform studies cleaned so mark zuckerberg sounds much less melodic and somewhat more monotonous than steve jobs and he gets a score of 52 in our test. by contrast our steve jobs has a score of 93.5. above all a pronounced speech melodies seduces listeners and charismatic speakers tend to transition between loud and soft fast and slow and choose the right moments for pauses while. all of a need or is also examining how strongly a voice can influence us for example with an avocation device he's chosen

a route from the port in the danish town of zonder board to the university campus the drivers know the area well 2 different forces were used in the test. that one was similar to steve jobs's force. and this one was more like mark zuckerberg but the test drivers didn't know that both voices tried to lead them in the wrong direction. the detour became longer and longer so which voice to the locals follow longer. if you speak to occupy quit much later with the one that was like steve jobs in fact 26.7 percent of them didn't quit at all so we had to end the test. with a voice similar to mark zuckerberg is almost half of the drivers quit after the 1st mistake. we believe that's because the drivers thought the wrong directions given

by the steve jobs like voice were an alternate route to avoid road construction or traffic jams and not a faulty programming of the navigation device you got to want to get into safes. so a charismatic voice can lead us and also seduce us but people's voices aren't an alterable niebuhr is developing software to help everyone to train their voice to be more charismatic. he was a feat the night we did see him and i doubt you don't do it all studio it was nice of the moon now he hopes to turn his training module into an app a year ago he had a charisma score of 43 percent since then his score has gone up to $85.00. with a good estimate. if outlook is red white only think they. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it and we're happy to help

out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. this week a viewer from columbia asked about the threat from space. how great is the risk of a deadly asteroid strike. and day out our planet is bombarded with chunks of rock from space most are so small they hardly leave a trace. but in 2013 this meteorite was left by an asteroid that formed a fireball and exploded over the russian city of chelyabinsk was the biggest one to hit the earth in a century. most asteroids orbit the sun in a region between jupiter and mars known as the past. roy belt there debris left over from the early solar system. this animation shows the orbits of all 600000

known asteroids new ones are discovered every month the earth has been struck throughout its history and the moon shows how often and violently lunar impact craters aren't worn away by wind and waves so the moon serves as a kind of archive over the last 290000000 years the frequency of impacts on earth has risen because large asteroids have collided producing many tiny fragments. some of these space rocks caused massive destruction when they hit the earth one that struck 66000000 years ago. an asteroid measuring 10 kilometers in diameter landed in mexico and the cataclysm that ensued wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species but even much smaller asteroids can cause deadly damage that's why telescopes constantly survey the sky to detect near earth asteroids and predict their trajectories more than $1800.00 potentially

hazardous objects are cataloged one of them is a path us at over 300 meters in diameter it would be big enough to wipe out a city like berlin. in 2029 it's expected to pass on earth even closer than sun geostationary communications satellites. radio telescopes have revealed details of numerous asteroids like the several kilometer wide boulder it's also coming unnervingly close to earth. the data shows that the risk of impact in the next 200 years is negligible however asteroids coming from a direction close to the sun often hard for ground based telescopes to detect that was the case with the asteroid that became the chelyabinsk meteor when it exploded over the russian city it released the. 3 times as much energy as the atomic bomb detonated at hiroshima injuring $1500.00 people and damaging thousands of buildings

. in 2017 while walk past the solar system it was the 1st interstellar object we've ever detected in space surprises are always just an observation away. in the early stages of development the fetus in a womb doesn't have found its skeleton is mainly made of cartilage as a baby grows that gradually turns into bone everywhere except at the joints that you remain cushioned by cutting edge for the rest of our lives in principle at least but as we grow old it begins to deteriorate let's find out why ready. professor thomas pop has

a somewhat unusual passion these tiny cells cartilage so. pop in his team keep a very close eye on them ready they're convinced that cartilage cells play a malign role in arthritis. but why. last year also when we discovered that cartilage cells don't just simply begin degenerating the cells communicate with each other and receive external signals and we're trying to understand those signals coding decipher and spying on them so. ready that it's not easy to eavesdrop on the cells they live very isolated lives in tiny cavities in the cartilaginous nature. ready but chemical messengers is still able to reach them and transmit information at 1st good information. cartilage cells constantly receive reassuring signals from their surroundings that

tell them everything's all right stay where you are rebuild the cartilage in a controlled manner without the signals the cartilage cells face a lot of stress under spot of their reaction to the stress they switch to a dismantling program and begin to destroy the cartilage. but what exactly puts the cells under stress. which signals cause the cartilage tissue to begin to self-destruct. the researches know the cartilage and joint suffered due to bad posture but other factors can also contribute to the stress reaction. to being overweight is certainly at the top of the list of stress factors for cartilage and it's a trigger for arthritis the excess weight acts in 2 ways 1st it puts additional strain on the joints and the cartilage. in addition to fatty tissue produces program from

a tree substances that can exacerbate the disease process among. but not everybody who is overweight will develop off writers a number of other factors they're all for involved genetic use use or injuries you need to. fill it. up steam and looking for chemical messengers in the joint fluids and other substances that are emitted by stress cartilage cells. they've already identified one of them approaching called sin they can form. following an injury the cartilage cells start producing it but what role does the person play. under safaga for initially by means of on the answer to this problem that we decided to examine it in mind when we identified the syndic and for we already knew that there are mice that are unable to produce it so they were very suitable for our study. the surprising result was that mice without us in the can for protein did not develop all through itas following cartilage damage the only mice that did produce

the protein it appears to be one of the substances that can initiate the destruction of the joint cartilage. in the can 4 is embedded in the cell membrane of cartilage cells but how exactly does it transmit the destructive signals and can the researches hinder it the syndic on the sim become 4 is integrated into the cellular service and functions like an antenna . different proteins can talk on to that antenna on the one hand chemical messengers but also enzymes that can ultimately destroy the cartilage ready. pups team has identified one of those enzymes. ready the discovery is a milestone one that's helped the researches understand how the enzyme triggers destruction. if the

enzyme is activated on the cell surface it begins cussing up college and finders in the surrounding tissue. as if it was for us and it was a key discovery for us because we could then start searching for an antibody that can prevent the enzyme from triggering the degradation process that. in turn enabled us to stop the joint degradation in the mice. to prevent the mice from developing arthritis at all it was a major success for us. so the scientists have already unlocked one of the secrets behind cartilage cells improving their understanding of the cells in the future will conceivably allow them to treat this crippling condition. now we have to find antibodies for people to get emissions. that would be a 1st real step towards developing an effective therapy for off writers. but it's a step that will take decades rather than years.

and. they are child soldiers. set sleights. forced laborers. to global slavery in texas there are currently 45000000 modern slaves more than at any other time in human history likely 2 centuries ago during his journey through spain south american colonies alexander for whom both was a vocal critic of the human treatment of slides power reported christian roman followed from both stresses in colombia with slavery scroll legacy still tangible. 180 meters below ground nothing but soft all around us. the maya no sipek era in modern day colombia. for centuries the one so precious substance

was extracted here under appalling working conditions. every day the narrows faced the threat of floods trucks accounts isn't collapsing tunnels at the time when alexander for homeworld visited the tunnels in 18 no one countless indigenous people lost their lives toiling away down here. you know what young india has got called but if you look at the spanish forests the indigenous inhabitants to work in the mines and the eyes of the catholic church they didn't have a soul and were therefore seen as dispensable labor for working in the tunnels in it and nobody had to report their deaths but unequal this is why there are no real statistics on how many people died working in the mines and the 1900 centuries forty's.

by the time humbled to reach the so-called new world slavery had been a pillar of the spanish colonial economy for centuries. ready and when they could no longer find you know can do to news people to cover their labor needs the spanish that millions of africans abducted and torn from their homelands and shipped across the atlantic to the caribbean. the immediate destination after the brutal sea journey was the port city of kut to hana to india us or the slaves or auctioned off on trust so do you or do wanna. buyers continually appeared and examined the condition of the slaves teeth their

age and state of else critical and both reported on the inhumane events seen that a slave auction they forcibly wrenched their mouths open just as we see a horse market. got the head butted america to him it was a kind of marketplace where slaves were bargained over just like any other goods whether indigenous or african here they were no longer viewed as human beings but as a commodity would. the potential to earn their owners a lot of money but major landowners came here from all over the colonies looking for labor. by the for agricultural production in the house the endos or as domestic servants in the cities. what up out of the slave trade the heena became an important commercial hub of the colonial era. anybody.

know. anything about. 80 kilometers from ca to hang out is some buzzy leo depart linking i village founded by escaped slaves today

it has a population of 3500 people here really all of them now for a prolonged eons they're the descendants of the scimitar on a sickness the spanish called their runaway slaves as was common practice they had all been marked by their owners with branding irons as from boat himself witnessed the scars would remain forever but not the chains from which the slaves were freed themselves to escape suncoast c.d.o. departed was the 1st free slave town in the america us. living in freedom and in seclusion the slaves and their descendants preserved and fostered their own culture. today their community is above all connected by punk hero the only creole language in latin america with spanish portuguese and african influences in the 1990 s. it was reintroduced to the curriculum for schoolchildren and also to us well i mean

that. all our lives we heard and spoke the language in our homes but eventually it almost died out. in the community face discrimination because of its language firstly it's never been easy being black in colombia and secondly especially if you're from. by linking 3rd we speak spanish differently from other colombian os it's melodic almost like singing and 4th spanish might have always been the official national language but it's never been our native tongue. for linguistics experts the fact that such a small community has managed to preserve its own creole language over for centuries is practically a miracle. yes.

the long bond movie was a traditional valuable ritual where the entire community gathers in the village center for 9 days and nights it's this kind of cohesion and solidarity that helps send brasilia depending survivors a community despite centuries of persecution poverty and discrimination. today that putting care of us our own officially recognized minority in colombia. but the trauma of slavery as a lasting legacy. i will form of the meat out of it but now there are 2 ways of looking at slavery there's the physical manifestation where slaves feel the chains and shackles on their arms and ankles really yet this form of slavery has disappeared.

i thought but i think you. but not the psychological slavery our minds are still subject to an installation process we still haven't overcome it which is why a lot of descendants of african slaves still tend to deny their roots. in getting on a got to. alexander fun home board referred to slavery as the greatest of all evils which of afflicted mankind. the explorer repeatedly wrote of his disgust at the injustices he saw in the colonies to the extent that some of his works ended up being banned there but to the last number stayed true to his conviction that all humans are equally designed to live in freedom.

and his famous expedition to the americas alexander also explored the are in a river today a biologist there is struggling to preserve the region's biodiversity to mean for the final part of our journey in the footsteps of humboldt next time i'm tomorrow today see you then.

i am not very creative yet but i would love to be considered an artist one day. everyone's talking about artificial intelligence and we are too. good computers and algorithms one to surpass them in creativity. art on the edge. our talk at global media form from bob. data coming up on t.w. terrible idea.

most of the benchers reports a. year of most arab region. that the mammoth deaths of in spain attract visitors to the taleban chom. people up. the road it's 30 minutes w. . how does time on taste of their. w corresponding to pursue some harm in. going to coast to make an early good. cause for the various flavors of the exotic crazy i am

a challenge for you all the wrekin and the really good there. oxo confusion and fun. for the street food the 5 star restaurant tasty taipei starts september 1st d w. i was 15 when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in a room similar it was hard i was fair. i even got white hair and. language hit me a lot this gives me a little push me to interrupt lives and say you want to do their story. it's her fighting and reliable information for margaret. that. took place. and i'm getting close to the brand new w from bottom it's called it's

personal it's divisive it's about topics that affect us all here commission climate change and the turn. all agree that. pro-democracy activists in hong kong say they'll continue that demonstrations despite a wave of arrests protest leaders joshua wong and agnes chow were among those detained and later released on bail or authorities intensifying a crackdown have banned a mass rally planned for this weekend. u.s. weather experts are warning the storm heading towards florida has strengthened.