boy. sometimes books are more exciting than a real life. true. what if there's no escape. ritualised. the streets. welcome to global 3 self and today we're off to siberia where global warming is causing permafrost to melt and scientists are trying to turn things around in kenya we meet teenage mothers determined to take control of their lives and build a better future for themselves and their babies. but 1st we take

a look at the population problem just how many people are there on our planet and can it cope with their soul. in the early eighty's hundreds the global population hit the 1000000000 mark for the 1st time thanks to more efficient farming methods and greater access to food it grew quickly after that medical progress then pushed down mortality rates giving populations a further based in industrial countries birth rates have slowed down now it's mainly the populations of developing nations that continue to expand today there are well over 7000000000 of us. neonatal ward in kabul. these tiny vulnerable infants represent the future of afghanistan. the world needs the next generation. or does it.

can our planet deal with a growing population does it have the resources to cope. what told us to take on nature and the climate cities such as delhi in jakarta struggle with the fallout from overcrowding every day there are just too many people looking for work for food for somewhere to live our planet's human population is currently increasing by an average of $18000000.00 a year. playing hard says one of germany's leading population researchers since the 1990 s. he's been looking into the question of how many people can earth support. we live on a planet that has limitations and. the resources required to guarantee people a livable life are finite whether we're talking about energy infrastructure roads housing or health care at some point the global population will be so huge this won't be a problem. it already is

a problem in countries with rising birth rates. demographics researchers say that a country can only develop if the birth rate is low enough. harsh as it sounds children don't contribute to wealth creation that means having too many youngsters is an obstacle to progress yes 20 good working to think there needs to be a falling birth right relatively high number of young adults reaching a working age and actually finding jobs often only then are we seeing progress. because. this development has already taken place in many countries which is why the worldwide birth rate has declined significantly since the 960 s. today women have an average 2.4 children in chad in mali the fertility rate has fallen but it's still an average of around 6 children per woman with the highest fertility rate in the world. world is unusual there where women have an average 7.2

children. chad mali and the share all belong to the same health zone a region that's arid in impoverished and has a rapidly expanding population. here outside michelle's capital niamey people expect their children to provide for the family once they're able to the more children they have the greater the likelihood that at least one of them will find work and be able to support the family. of. john mark gravel leni works for the sun helen lyons an initiative promoting stability and development in the region he says population growth is one of the biggest problems currently facing africa. it's a very very very very challenge for the poor in the nor yobbos there are

knowledge. that don't understand supply the number of children in the fund. the figures give cause for concern 4600000000 people currently live in asia but according to forecasts africa's population is set to grow by nearly 3000000000 by the year 2100 so when we say the global population is growing what we mean is essentially africa's population is growing. what can be done to put the brakes on population growth in the mid 1990 s. the fertility rate in ethiopia was 7 children per woman the authorities recognise the problem and invested heavily in awareness campaigns. researchers agree that education is the solution young women need to know about contraception and. make informed decisions about having children.

recent years have seen the fertility rate in the country fall to 4 children per woman. to. approach. of. target or moves them in. the following week but women who are better educated have more opportunities more money they have a better status in society and they're better able to assert themselves in their relationships. prior to hartness often want more children for. in developing nations 43 percent of pregnancies are believed to be unwanted the figure is especially high in places where women have fewer rights where they're unaware of or can't afford access to contraception family planning is often determined by men

. however according to un projections global population growth will not continue to rise indefinitely by the turn of the next century it's expected to level off or even decline. teenage pregnancy is a key theme particularly in africa where nearly a 5th of all girls become mothers the full they turn 19 that's almost double the global average typically young pregnant women and mothers that end up excluded from education entirely but job prospects are vital for these girls to give them the independence they need to care for themselves and their children. what at 1st glance looks like a childcare facility is actually a training center for teenage mothers. vivian

is learning to be a seamstress she got pregnant at 16 and dropped out of school now that she's learning new skills the future looks much brighter susan is and sasha playfield will becoming a seamstress will enable me to change my life until now i've just been at home with my baby and now i have something to do and i get to use my brain. daughter abigail has a painful skin condition. becoming a mother as a teenager is hard enough and harder still if the child is sick young woman can struggle to cope. since i had my baby life has been very hard i'm no longer a child my parents want nothing more to do with me everything changed when i got pregnant a baby is so demanding. mythology is an impoverished area in nairobi where problems like unemployment drug and alcohol abuse and prostitution are widespread. unwanted

pregnancies are commonplace here. the training center for teenage mothers hosts a group session every day that young women who have a place here can consider themselves very lucky there's a long waiting list. the center is run by on or cheering. sex education isn't on the curriculum and most kenyan schools contraception is a taboo topic and abortion is illegal teenage pregnancies are on the rise. some of them are trafficked from this book some. are we did speak to that little bit to do when they come. to housing. so you find in between the law here. is not what it took.

to the families when living with them so you'll find that their needs are so many in the process of trying to get their lives instance and so the time was to get to move into sexual acts with. the young mothers are penniless. if the charity organization provides them with clothes and also with regular meals including for their children. mary one juror is reluctant to talk in detail about what happened to. fall but there were many problems poverty. if we've had money i wouldn't be here i'd never have met my child's father i wouldn't have gotten pregnant and it happened because of poverty. her own mother it turns out she never told her about the facts of life. itself not when you think she was never there she'd come home late at night often drunk. she never

. at any time for me but then i take. it from the age of 10 mary had to look after her younger brothers and sisters after falling pregnant she had to drop out of school. then a friend told her she could train as a hairdresser at the center of it wasn't her dream job but it's an opportunity denied to most teenage mothers. making sure we're not. when i began the training scheme i realised that many other girls were in the same boat. and that having a baby wasn't the end of the world so when it came about that i made with this and showed me. today vivian angus zuzu has to take her daughter to the hospital. the young mothers can have their babies treated him for free. abigail isn't doing well and that's just. the nutritionist asks maybe and if she's

sticking to the diet should recommend it for abigail last time you should go to the moon it's the choice of the child has more data to tell you just. don't feel so bad because he's now too good. and they give all your time. life into a man i thought it was a challenge the task because of course she was very emotional but i had to give all the support she needed so that's because of course if she's emotionally stable the it's a good sense of happiness and the mum. kind of. young mothers mary and baby and often spend their free time together if they had to grow up fast . but both still have their hopes and dreams. of the school. to finish my costs and you take a job. and maybe go up to school to finish my secondary education i would like to

be an anchor one day and they know that it's close in well what makes me happy. my baby makes me happy. i'm glad i didn't have an abortion. if i hadn't had my baby i wouldn't be who i am today and i'm glad of that. we do. so with inflation. neither of the young mothers expects to marry anytime soon but they're confident they can get by without a man and give their children a better start in life than day out. the expanding global population is straining our planet's resources the carbon dioxide levels are on the rise as are temperatures the ground is warming up permafrost areas which make up around 15 percent of the earth's surface are also feeling the heat the layers of ice and rock contain the remains of organisms trapped in the

millions of years ago which decay when they're exposed releasing greenhouse gases in siberia the permafrost has already started to melt. 240 kilometers north of the arctic circle this corner of north eastern siberia boasts a surprising amount of vegetation in the summer but it's not pristine nature untouched by human hands. takes us along on a motor boat trip on the cold lima river which is only free of ice for a few months a year. our journey is interrupted by a sand bank so to carry a regional director of the renowned russian academy of sciences has to get out and give the boat a push our camera man has to temporarily take the helm. more than 4 hours after setting off we reach these icy clothes. and they're

dripping siberia's permafrost is melting. microbes. we've just refused to solve and yes now's a wake up they here's a start. but of us smile. you old man is the solution to begin eating in the process turning carbon into carbon dioxide there are so many of them in the area we're monitoring that europe's climate would become unbearable if they all thought out well you know. the permafrost under a quarter of the northern hemisphere plays a pivotal role in global climate there's twice as much carbon trapped in it as there is in the entire atmosphere recent study showed the frozen soil is now releasing greenhouse gases at a faster rate than previously thought have also revealed that the arctic grasslands were once home to large mammals within minutes sergey collects

a range of bones from ancient bison horses and what we mammoths. wherever people settle wildlife disappears russia still has large areas of untouched lands our job is wherever possible to restore the natural diversity that our forebears on sol. said a scientist who wants to see his ideas put into practice to that aim 20 years ago he began reviving the eco system of the last ice age together with his son nikita he's removed trees and replanted primeval grasslands and their place they've also reintroduced herds of yaks and bison some are wilder than others the herbivores that now live here in the place to seem park have a big job ahead of them slowing down climate change. there you go what is it that we do have to look at we're in december there's a thick layer of snow that insulates the ground from the cold side of couple as

they forage for grass the horses tread down on the snow and make it more compact when you're out and as a result the permafrost stays frozen and doesn't melt in the summer so when you use a shirt. temperatures during arctic summers can reach 40 degrees celsius but our feet remain cold due to the permafrost directly beneath this meadow and there's the mom say the ground in their ice age park is already staying colder for longer the experiment has also piqued the interest of researchers from germany's max planck institute they've come to examine the reconfigured eco system and measure the quantities of environmentally harmful gases circulating in the area begin if analysis can see where it effecting a far more active exchange with the atmosphere but also a greater enrichment of carbon in the soil due to more photosynthesis and the more active types of grass growing here and ducks and so gazey more of puts it in more

dramatic terms he sees his park as a battleground between a new eco system and an old one that's not equal to the challenge of climate change the arctic region is warming up twice as fast as the rest of the planet. the landscape is changing. bubbling up to the surface of the lakes created by the melting permafrost ismy thing a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than c o 2 if successful sergei believes his experiment will benefit the entire world. but you bring up the russians aren't afraid of temperatures rising they'll say well we're looking ahead and are making preparations. the emphasis has to come from the europeans from the american us north africans and asians from the countries that are already feeling the negative effects of global warming yes. dizzy mobs no they can't see the permafrost all on their own but they're determined to show that it's

possible their ice age experiment needs a lot of support on the ground the objective is not thomas eco system with all that this entails. if it were in the end i'll introduce a lion or tiger here and tell them this is your park now that's a joke but it would be great for the system to settle down and become resistant and expand naturally beyond our current borders if your mother thought i was some. if modern technology can bring back the extinct species so i can even imagine mammoths walking around yet to show one day. i don't want to leave behind a desolate landscape to my grandchildren and great grandchildren skeeters feel at home i prefer the species rich world of our ancestors. it's the kind of nature that kept the climate stable and provided nourishment for humans.

has often been accused of trying to play god he disagrees completely and says to the contrary he's just trying to make up for the destruction that humankind began thousands of years ago. this week in global ideas we had to armenia and find out how companies that are adopting new habits to help save resources are reporter cloudy and travel to the capital than to meet the people who are helping initiate the change and found out how essential it is to give people a taste for climate protection. obviously in the countryside. and western affluence and the capital yerevan armenia is a country marked by stark contrast awareness and knowledge are keen.

until $9091.00 amenia was a part of the former soviet union after the collapse of communism the country fell into an economic crisis and still hasn't fully recovered small and mid-sized companies struggle. so environmental protection has to yield profits. just that this is little since 2014 our new waste water recycling unit has saved us over 100000 euros that all. companies here have rarely put much thought into environmentally friendly production but things are starting to change. color michael kroger so if we reorganize our production successfully then it also makes good business sense for good. armenia's economy is largely dominated by agriculture cereals fruit and vegetables other main crops like here at the foot of mount ararat with some 3000 hours of sunshine

a year peaches apricot some plums grow in abundance. parker honker. this fruit found i turned his harvests into giant fruit he switched to organic production and no longer uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides. if you. go to a local environmental n.g.o.s help to make the switch financial support comes from the international climate initiative the organization advises companies about sustainable practices. their fruit farm is ovens and now solar powered and have more efficient ventilation the fruit drying process is now 5 times faster saving energy and cost. production in armenia and our region isn't big enough to compete with neighboring

countries such as iran or turkey since armenia is a small country that needs competitive products fruits and dried fruits are among those products for the better the joint fruit now has an e.u. organic set of the. cation and these days also sells in france he the role model with without any adult it's also about the person when he starts some think he want to finalise it and been issued with a good result. many armenian businesses would like to get their foot in the door of european markets but before that can happen they need to improve production standards and boost their environmental credentials. industry accounts for just 25 percent of armenia's g.d.p. today noon to her it union is visiting a battery factory on the outskirts of yerevan by products of the production process so if you're a cassidy lead used to end up in the factories wastewater that the company has now

found a cleaner solution not many people are necessarily analyzing or viewing the process because business person looks on his benefits how here as the business and it's not necessary that you know almost all the details on the impact on the environment. the car batteries it cooled before they're charged the factory now uses technology that cleans the cooling water after the charging process so it can be recycled along with the rest of the waste water. some 2000000 euro news were invested in the new facility. will be dished up by show called least of all of us for good so she will tour ended up in the sewage system. so we need a closed system so. since the water didn't leave the factory that system would sit with this way we're safe huge amounts of water so it. makes economic

sense just. to so. the lead is partly recycled and waste lead remelted so there's a saving of over 5. 100 years of material petang it's a more efficient use of resources. meanwhile in this bakery leftover pastry is no longer simply thrown away. it's turned into biscuits. sometimes the solutions a simple any bread that isn't sold is turned into bread crumbs a number of the ngos ideas and the bread crumbs have proved the best santa.

that's all from us here at global 3000 this week but we curious to hear what you liked about the program so please drop us a line to level 3000 at d. w. dot com and don't forget you can check us out on facebook we're at d w women see you safe.

how does thailand taste it. w. correspondent susan hom and host a link to explore the various flavors of lives on a crazy hot. fusion and so on i am a challenge for you tasty taipei. coming up

on p.w. . good luck alexandre one more of our series on tomorrow today we want to see what he saw to experience what drove a journey through latin america following in the footsteps of the great scientist. next stop putting the us in colombia tracing the history of the slaves od tomorrow to determine certain. the worst fears losing people fight for some of the money out of luck when there's a flood the water comes up to our waist close fast to everyone but. the lack of water is equally dangerous. you can't see people not self so they can

plant crops and find. floods and droughts with climate change become the main driver of mass migration you cannot write any up or going to fix night if you want them. climate exodus starts september 5th on d w. o z a view of the world. where i come from that or that clip just go it just like with chinese fluids doesn't matter where i am it's always reminds me of coal after decades of living in germany chinese food is one of the things i miss the most but that taking a step back i see things a little of difference for me now. many of the expressed as i recall a sense that exists the other part of the war haven't been implemented in china that's because i'm not a chinese people wondering if they're full of hate but if i have

a right to learn it that is this is their job just that of them how i see it and why i love my job because i try to do it exactly it is a day. like name of the only 2 and i work at it up you. 2 pro-democracy demonstrators in hong kong have disrupted commuter traffic and the calling for a general strike later on monday another weekend of disruption so some of the worst violence in 3 months of anti-government protests activist to seeking to maintain home comes independence from china. a hugely destructive storm threatening the united states has battered the bahamas hurrican durian blasted a sure win.