next stop claiming the us in colombia tracing the history of the slaves. to our budget struggle. with the worst are choosing to fight for survival. but all. these dangerous. floods and droughts and climate change become the main driver of mass migration you can write any about going to peace not if you want and probably most of them will come to. the climate exodus. the 5 minutes on d w. d 2 you know that 77 percent. are younger than 6 o'clock. that's

me and me and you. and you know what time the voice is one how long the 77 percent talk about the issue. from the toilet seat to flash from housing boom boom boom town this is where. welcome to the 77 percent. this weekend on g.w. . you're watching tomorrow today the science show on t w coming up. what's in a voice how pitch tempo and internation influence the success of the speech. it's. all about cartlidge arthritis is one of the most common joint disorders we

meet a scientist who hopes to curate. and continuing our journey in humbles footsteps we look at the legacy of slavery in the 1st free town in the americas. many animals communicate via their voices and pitch in intonation play a key role in the process because those elements predate any kind of language or grammar in humans what you say is often less important than how you say it. u.s. president barack obama. finds this nation together is not the callers of course apple's steve jobs. 3 separate devices. this is one of my german politician great need of washed up. 3 charismatic speakers with something

to say but if you think that content is the main aspect of speaking you're wrong how we say it is much more important. on the tour. it's been for the quality of the voice and the internation played the biggest role in bringing across a statement to the listeners researchers say. is kind of a small not only can i measure how well you speak i can also turn you into a better speaker. together with phonetics expert oliver neber we've devised an experiment we invited 12 volunteers to a recording studio half of them made up the jury and the other half for a test group they all had to read the same passage from good his classic play faust . haven't. feels a fee you are stuck i want me to seen one flight out to be our philosophy you know this stuff by one maybe. it's me. destination only. on insecure

before the jury members couldn't see the speakers but only judge their voices. as a doctor once a year shown. this that sounded like a math professor writing on the board from your staccato pretty far out yeah the jury could award between one and 10 points isin my guess that has the dr guy and see a sure and saying yeah she was really into the role but yeah through march. oliver niebuhr has devised a formula to determine how the perfect charismatic voice sounds he analyzes voices according to various parameters including tempo rhythm melody volume and pauses by measuring 16 parameters he comes up with a value of what he calls acoustic charisma the highest possible score is 100 can his method predict the jury's results neber used it to pick the top 3.

nino placed 1st features of feet you list that i don't need to. second place went to fire your thought i needed theme and lucas came in 3rd avenue for those who feel you was too high and it seemed. so what were the jury's scores they also thought nina was the best but 2nd and 3rd place were switched. the other spots were the same for the computer calculation and the jury almost identical why . because the voice is an ancient means of communication much older than our word choice our words are centex and our grammar so it's directly linked to our perception and emotions and to our decisions every listener creates an image exactly like our system does. or does this team come. and what makes certain voices

convincing even seductive need were analyzed recorded speeches by famous people like facebook head mark zuckerberg and apple founder steve jobs. a revolutionary mobile phone and a breakthrough internet communications device and additional one of the key parameters is the range of pitch and jobs as range is more than 2 octaves or $24.00 halftones zuckerberg remains under one octave or slightly over 11 half tons. but what i can assure you is that we're hard at work making sure that people don't misuse this platform studies cleaned so mark zuckerberg sounds much less melodic and somewhat more monotonous than steve jobs and he gets a score of 52 in our test. by contrast steve jobs has a score of 93.5. above all a pronounced speech melodies seduces listeners and charismatic speakers tend to transition between loud and soft fast and slow and choose the right moments for

pauses while warm. all of a neighbor is also examining how strongly a voice can influence us for example with an avocation device he's chosen a route from the port in the danish town of the under board to the university campus the drivers know the area well 2 different forces were used in the test. that one was similar to steve jobs's fois. the 5th. and this one was more like mark zuckerberg but the test drivers didn't know that both voices tried to lead them in the wrong direction. the detour became longer and longer so which voice did the locals follow longer. fear speed up or quit much later with the one that was like steve jobs in fact 26.7

percent of them didn't quit at all so we had to end the test. with a voice similar to mark zuckerberg is almost half of the drivers quit after the 1st mistake. we believe that's because the drivers thought the wrong directions given by the steve jobs like voice were an alternate route to avoid row construction or traffic jams not a faulty programming of the navigation device i forgot to unscrew the saves. so a charismatic voice can lead us and also seduce us but people's voices aren't an alterable niebuhr is developing software to help everyone to train their voice to be more charismatic. pillars of feet few of us tonight we did see one side of to keep doing all the studio it was nice to be moving now he hopes to turn his training module into an app a year ago he had a charisma score of 43 percent since then his score has gone up to $85.00.

with good. if out that is red white but only if you made it. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out with a little less as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask you. this week a viewer from columbia asked about threat from space. help great is the risk of a deadly asteroid strike day and day out our planet is bombarded with chunks of rock from space most are so small they hardly leave a trace. but in 2013 this meteorite was left by an asteroid that formed a fireball and exploded over the russian city of chelyabinsk was the biggest one to hit the earth in a century. most asteroids orbit the sun in

a region between jupiter and mars known as the master. royd out there debris left over from the early solar system. this animation shows the orbits of all 600000 known asteroids new ones are discovered every month the earth has been struck throughout its history and the moon shows how often and violently lunar impact craters aren't worn away by wind and waves so the moon serves as a kind of archive over the last 290000000 years the frequency of impact on earth has risen because large asteroids have collided producing many tiny fragments. some of these space rocks caused massive destruction when they hit the earth like one that struck 66000000 years ago. an asteroid measuring 10 kilometers in diameter landed in mexico and the cataclysm that ensued wiped out the dinosaurs and many others feel she's not even much smaller asteroids

can cause deadly damage that's why telescopes constantly survey the sky to detect near earth asteroids and predict their trajectories more than $800.00 potentially hazardous objects are catalogued one of them is a potus at over 300 meters in diameter it would be big enough to wipe out a city like berlin. in 2029 it's expected to pass on earth even closer than some geostationary communications satellites. radio telescopes have revealed details of numerous asteroids like this several kilometer wide boulder it's also coming unnervingly close to earth. the data shows that the risk of impact in the next 200 years is negligible however asteroids coming from a direction close to the sun often hard for ground based telescopes to detect that was the case with the asteroid that became the chelyabinsk meteor when it exploded

over the russian city it released the. 3 times as much energy as the atomic bomb detonated at hiroshima injuring $1500.00 people and damaging thousands of buildings . in 2017 warm walk past to the solar system it was the 1st interstellar object we've ever detected in space surprises are always just an observation away. in the early stages of development the fetus in a womb doesn't have bounds it's skeleton is mainly made of cartilage as a baby grows that gradually turns into bone everywhere except at the joints that you remain cushioned by cottage for the rest of our lives in principle at least but as we grow old it begins to deteriorate let's find out why

ready. professor thomas pop has a somewhat unusual passion these tiny cells cartilage so. popular his team keep a very close eye on them ready they're convinced that cartilage cells play a malign role in arthritis. but why. last year also when we discovered that cartilage cells don't just simply begin degenerating the cells communicate with each other and receive external signals and we're trying to understand those signals by decoding decipher and spying on them so. ready that it's not easy to eavesdrop on the cells they live very isolated lives in tiny cavities in the carter latinists nature. ready but

chemical messengers is still able to reach them and transmit information at 1st good information. to. a cartilage cells constantly receive reassuring signals from their surroundings that tell them everything's alright stay where you are rebuild the cartilage in a controlled manner without the signals the cartilage cells face a lot of stress under support of their reaction to the stress they switch to a dismantling program and begin to destroy the cartilage. but what exactly puts the cells under stress. which signals cause the cartilage tissue to begin to self-destruct. the researches know the cartilage in joints suffered due to bad posture but other factors can also contribute to the stress reaction. to being overweight is certainly at the top of the list of stress factors for cartilage and it's

a trigger for arthritis the excess weight i've seen 2 ways 1st it puts additional strain on the joints and the cartilage. in addition to fatty tissue produces problem from a tree substances that can exacerbate the disease process. but not everybody who is overweight will develop off writers a number of other factors they're all for involved my genetic use use or injuries you need to. fill it. up steam a looking for chemical messages in the joint fluids and other substances that are emitted by stress cause a ledge sounds. they've already identified one of them approaching called sin they can form. following an injury the cartilage cells start producing it but what role does the person play under safaga after initially failing to find the answer to this problem we decided to examine it in mind when we identified the syndic and for we already knew that there are mice that are unable to produce it so they were

very suitable for our study. the surprising result was that mice without us in the can for protein did not develop arthritis following cartilage damage the only mice that did produce the protein it appears to be one of the substances that can initiate the destruction of the joint cartilage. sendek and 4 is embedded in the cell membrane of cartilage cells but how exactly does it transmit the destructive signals and can the researches hinder it the sunni can feel the syndic on for is integrated into the cellular surface and functions like an antenna. different proteins can talk on to that antenna on the one hand chemical .