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bombs mines tall paedo warheads basically you find the entire horrifying array of things that the human brain is capable of devising when it wall its isn't good by current estimates there are about 1600000 tonnes in german waters. enough to fill a 3000 kilometer long freight train that we did like. towards a couple of religions are made of metal and because salt water has a highly corrosive effect it's a question of when not if all their contents are harmful for the environment and for people. to be pretty government policy in recent decades has essentially been to ignore the issue people have no real idea how much already has been or is about to be

perforated by rust it was. the 2nd world war. a global conflict that also soared large parts of europe bombarded from the air on an unprecedented scale. and the high seas were also the scene of fierce fighting in the course of naval battles the parties to the war fired off countless shells mines and torpedoes towards the end of the conflict german forces dumped their own munitions in the sea

and following their victory the allies also ordered enormous stockpiles of active german ordnance to be sunk at specially chosen sites. in the community just probably in the allies did recognize the problem of course they were concerned about some shadowy groups getting hold of the munitions and using them to mount post-war resistance attacks and what have you. so they arrive at a solution fairly quickly tipping it all into the north sea in the baltic in the morgue and you also see. in the legal order they generally assign specific locations for dumping the ordnance was transported to the coast and thrown into the sea. $50000.00 tons landed in a dumping site in the kiel fiord for example and there are others to believe. but there was also the problem of on route dumping. the people tasked with the job were

paid per journey. and would use the opportunity to dispose of items along the way like it was often yet indigenously exactly the body before. the war time german navy had a large arsenal not far from this beach outside the city of keel. her fans remember seeing torpedoes being dumped here his father was involved in the operation and took his then 4 year old son with him. i saw this tall ship arriving on the harbor where my father was working. the torpedoes were loaded onto the ship and then taken out to sea some distance behind the lighthouse. and then they were thrown overboard and they were gone. the enormous quantities of unexploded ordinance have been rotting away on the seabed for decades their contents are repeatedly washed up on the region's coasts posing

a hazard for beach goers. there have been frequent cases of people unwittingly picking up explosive gun cottonwood used by the german navy during the war frank rudolf who spent years inspecting munitions finds on germany's beaches and shows us how treacherous gun cotton. looks like a perfectly normal stone there's hardly any way to tell the difference if you pick one up your hands will be stained yellow due to a diet contains called hex a night show defend alarm in and you will not be able to wash that stain off your fingers it's carcinogenic can causes genetic mutations and is very harmful when breathed in all swallowed pretty nasty stuff from pleased. on the left is a normal starting from the same village and next was a similar looking lump of gun cotton paper fans in his childhood friends used to play around with the explosive materials they found on the beach they particularly enjoyed setting fire to them not realizing the danger involved until my south.

towards we'd pick up to stop without any gloves and we'd always get these blisters between our fingers and elsewhere. eventually we realized it was from the explosives. and one of my friends collected some of it in world league loves set fire to it and then put his gloves back on so he was in contact with the stuff for far longer than us. he was in hospital for 2 weeks or so because he got new skin practically over his entire body fast i know you're out. in recent years as well large chunks of gum cotton have been found on the beaches of northern germany the coastline region peter farms is constantly on the lookout while on his favorite beach his most recent find was in 2015. experts believe that germany's north sea coast is home to 1300000 tons of munitions

with another 300000 tons on the country's baltic coast. stefan nehring is a marine biologist who has been tracking underwater ordinance for years. in 2003 he was asked by the authorities to examine dumps of poison gas near the north sea island of helgoland nehring was astonished to see the sheer number of munitions dumping sites marked on movie cool charts from the area. which i knew there were ordinance dumps primarily poison gas in the strait of scott iraq and off the island of borneo. but seeing all these areas marked right off our coast was completely new to me and learning that we have far more accidents than previously known if you look at statements from the authorities back then they refer to a few handfuls of incidents caused by underwater munitions but my research has

shown that the figure is way in excess of 1000 accidents on germany's coast and with a lot of casualties. after pestering the authorities stefan nearing impact on his own research mission he found that vast quantities of unspent ordinance had indeed been dumped off germany's coast to today he's on a diving expedition in the baltic sea near lubeck within sight of the mainland at a place that anyone with a boat can access the water is just 18 meters deep at this point what nearing discovers on his expeditions really fails to shock him. when i go diving in these areas it's shocking to think of the huge amount of munitions down there. i feel really uneasy and because it's so dark down there people are unable to see all this stuff that's going on underwater.

because they're selfish all files show that the authorities were aware of the problem but the public were never really made aware of the dangers and especially the quantities involved. and the authorities just hope that the problem would go away over time and that eventually there'd be nothing left to find in the understeer and. in reality the munitions have been continuously corroding for over 70 years some for more than a century. in some cases right below passing ferries and freight ships since 2012 the german navy has located and deactivated around 100 explosive devices in shipping lanes along akil fiord. in germany marine pollution prevention is the responsibility of the federal maritime and hydrographic agency we asked for an interview on the issue of corroding sea dumped munitions witten down.

said previously we are not the of clickable agency we are responsible soley for locating munitions. does b s our the federal maritime and hydrographic agency is still refusing to acknowledge the presence of ordinance there despite itself gathering high resolution backing metric data but they say the data show no cause for alarm so i wonder either they're too stupid to know our drug reform works or they don't want to see the danger. they have working systems i'd have to see it but refuse to acknowledge it. a systematic clearing of the seabed only happens when economic interests take pre-sentence such as the construction of an offshore wind farm or pipeline in those cases the authorities and insurance companies require every inch of the area in question to be probed. company has

a range of equipment that includes a machine used to find undesirable metal parts in areas in marked wind farms. this is called a stand fish in the water if lies along in this position horizontally and is steered from above. this kind of device covers a scanning with about 5 meters. and now think that a wind farm will have a perimeter of several kilometers we have to inspect every single square meter along the cable routes and at the size of the turbines. a process that takes months then a 2nd ship with human and robot divers on board examines every piece of metal much of that will typically be scrap but they often come across old bombs shells and mines. thought and the wind operators massively underestimated the colossal effort

involved says cuttin. at 1st working underwater salvaging items then bringing them back to the surface was incredibly difficult sometimes we managed only one or 2 objects a day now it's more like 10 to 15 objects a day. but just imagine how much stuff is down there in total so with a ship of that size and all the costs that come together $10.00 or 15 objects isn't really a lot. an operation of this kind can cost several $1000000.00 euros disagree dean has an inkling about who ultimately foots the bill. just saw such of course it's paid for by the energy companies. but i reckon they end up pricing it into their electricity bills for consumers. the wind farm sites cleared of munitions by private sector firms constitute

a fraction of the total area in question the german navy also deployed special ships to scan the sea bed the government provides funding for a range of research projects and has set up an expert monitoring group. the underwater ordinance committee is headed by un stern hein founded in 2007 it brings together specialists representing the national and regional governments moment right now we're conducting a general evaluation we're trying to do what environmental groups have been demanding for years and drawing up a comprehensive register of munitions for cities which also got a situation. every year the experts publish a list of the t.n.t. hand grenades torpedoes and shells discovered in 2017 they found $171.00 remnants of the 1st and 2nd world wars off the coast signal in germany the committee works independently of government authorities. also it would be easy status is necessary

so that we can be frank about problems we identify without having any accountability. it means we're not put in a position of having to pay for them. it's our interest among the senior advisers to the expert committee is because the former naval officer spends a lot of time browsing the regional archives of the coast on the task he faces is a daunting one trolling through old military files to document every single bomb and mind discharged by the german voices join the 2nd world war and hopefully their current locations his research has made a significant contribution to the detail mapping of the toxic science it's a laborious undertaking. milimeter small i live here we have an area concerning an air raid on the night of february 15th 1904 it

was a major raid targeting berlin. with over $800.00 aircraft and including a diversionary attack an airborne mine laying operation with $44.00 bombers over the bay of kiel feels he's in total these aircraft dropped over $270.00 mines. we have detailed documentation of the raid including the british plans so we know these aircraft actually took off and conducted the diversionary attack and the mines were transported into this area. to locate mines dropped from the skies vic it has to consult mountains of british american and german files he and his team are generally only allowed access for a few days at a time. when the shots are visible a typical research visit to an archive with a team of 3 or 4 people might produce 121-2000 pages of material for analysis if you're really good. and then it all has to be evaluated so

after one week in the archive you're definitely looking at a good 3 or 4 months of analysis. the former naval officer could not be more dedicated to the task but his team still have several dozen kilometers of files to work through only then will he have a rough overview of the only information recorded in the war files and most of the munitions dumped after the war are undocumented sees only one solution for locating all the contaminated sites the gods and most of the ordinance that ended up in the sea after being dumped or dropped during the war adds up to an enormous amount in order to be 100 percent sure that we have detected everything and can now retrieve it all you have to sweep every single meter of the seabed for me. a job that would cost many billions of euros which i'm not provided for in any budget and main while as the mines continue to corrode and release their hazardous

contents the time bone continues to take the toxic ordinance washed up by the tide is often indistinguishable from natural rocks and mineral stones the consequences can be devastating as gets a month ski found out after retiring he fulfilled a lifelong dream and moved with his wife from the industrial real region to the soft green hills because he loved spending his free time by the baltic in january 24th scene he was collecting stones while strolling the beach. lifestyle one of the stones are collected in my bag looked like a piece of coral or a fossil. and suddenly bang. all i can remember is that there was this flash of light from my pants pocket. and i was on fire. well because. what he picked up was not a stone but

a lump of white phosphorus like i saw my jeans burning up. my skin was melting and falling off and there was black smoke. the only other person there was fishing. i called for help and i screamed i'm burning up. he musta thought i was crazy. when he did come over i told him to call for an ambulance ideally a helicopter. and then some i managed to reach the water and when the flames are that high you don't roll around in the sand and wonder what to do it's life or death or one of these or that gets observer leave. this is a photo of gets him on skis leg right after the accident. biologist frank rudolf knows all too many stories like that a good samantha and has written a book advising pebble collectors on what to watch out for.

it's not how it was a 1st on this here is the harmonies piece of flint this is amber the biggest danger to the public is confusing amber flint and phosphorus only experts can tell the difference just by looking. amber and phosphorus feel the same and have the same weight. for force but fast for us is exceedingly dangerous because it self ignites at around $20.00 to $40.00 degrees celsius and once it reaches our body temperature it becomes liquid and ignites. so instead of a stone you can remove from your pocket all you have is this slime on your fingers after taking a. serious problem with this phosphorus is that back then it was mixed with rubber the idea

behind incendiary bombs was that they drop through roofs and into the buildings and then a small explosive charge was enough to spray the phosphorus across the walls and even the rubber was added to make it stick leading to a cluster of small fires. because i took papers out of my pocket and threw them into the sand. never a good german knows you need your health insurance card when you go to the hospital . and the tops of 4 fingers were on fire you. may have new skin now old but they were like candles on the 4th advent sunday. the waters off the island of whose adama ne in germany had a particularly large quantity of phosphorus in 1943 a group of british bomber planes followed faulty target identification and dropped their payloads. up to 3 phosphorus related accidents are reported every year

fortunately not all of them have a dramatic an outcome as that in case. when they do patients are taken to the university clinic in christ child the chief surgeon is familiar with the typical injuries. therefore so i wasn't phosphorous ignites in the pocket of your trousers it causes these kinds of burns if you're quick they'll be 5 centimeters long but it's a different scenario with the hands instinctively use your hands to try and question the fire and hear the patient lost entire patches of skin with burnt edges and fibrin crops that form a couple of hours later. the thumb and forefinger were affected. in this case which i remember well the patient put his hand in his pocket to try to remove what was burning. in the holes or in the surgical team of permanently prepared for patients

with phosphorus ferns it's a problem they've been tackling since the communist east germany are happy and i was fortunate years i went to college here in christ child and in the 1980 s. there were soldiers stationed in the pain i'm under area. many of them were from down south and were keen on collecting amber stones back then the army had track suits made from said lastic a synthetic material made in east germany so when the phosphorus started to burn at around 2000 degrees or so last it breast pockets would melt and then stick to the skin and it was impossible to remove. so they were given a general anaesthetic or an injection and then the doctors would use a scalpel to remove the skin together with a melted synthetic material muttley alan found. good samantha is now wary of going to the beach on his own it's been 5 years since the accident and he's still in intense pain it's changed his life. and i hope nobody

else ever has to go through that. i'd like to see the local authorities ensuring that there are warning signs for the public like you have with poisonous mushrooms . signs saying these stones are dangerous and these are harmless but. this one is safe but don't touch this one call the police. water difficult about that is that i'm just leave it. to saddam further east does have warning signs where visitors arrive at beaches but they have to look closer for the relevant information lower down and it seems that small print about dangerous phosphorous is simply too small as becomes clear when we asked passers by about the signs and whether they've read them.

a few did you notice this sign. only because of the no doxil our heart will never read the rest of you hadn't asked me but really feel for the view. and not even the signs on the beach itself are effective. so why are the authorities doing more to warn beachgoers about this toxic legacy of past wars. that's nice. i'm very sickly it's very off putting in the eyes of beach chair rental operators and hotel owners. signs warning visitors that they might find all the ordinance on the beach that's why there's so much resistance. and as well as co-chairing the green party robot havoc is also environment minister for the state of space we call on and takes a proactive approach despite the presence of ordinance in their backyard however the regional governments have limited scope for action. in legal terms the regional

states are responsible inside their coastal waters and those states where the costar mecklenburg for place because dine and lower saxony and technically braman a dam broke too but it's a big burden for them to deal with on their own dam these chemical agents and it up in our waters due to a war fought between nations it wasn't mecklenburg for part one that waged the 2nd world war it was germany and europe and this is the point of political contention until now every federal government's stance was to say we're not responsible. the regional states can expand the mapping program and set up research projects on options for harder tackle ordnance retrieval but they'd never be able to pay for it so nothing happens. it's the federal government does at least provide funding for research albeit on a modest scale take the project over a period of 3 years 1600000 euros were allocated in total to 3 scientific

institutes among them kill based. scientists on board the poseidon research vessel examine the condition of the sea bed and the waters in the baltic sea while also looking for explosives. today toxicologist from the university of keele are planting leaving shellfish in little nets about the rusting ordinance where they accumulate the toxic substances in the sea of yemen and they constantly filter water. and regardless of whether they can feed off a substance in the water it's all absorbed into the shellfish is tissue. in previous experiments where shellfish were placed directly above open mines the scientists had already found traces of explosives. or not to be said washed we were really surprised that it worked on our 1st attempt it immediately answered 2 questions but these substances do indeed see part of the ordinance and into the environment and they end up in the marine food chain did invite him up in and out

was get a few. toxicologist edmon marsa is particularly concerned about t.n.t. which divers find lying around in ordinance dump areas. the stingiest g.m.t. is time sick and it's poisonous for the body and the blood and damages the liver the skin and the eyes but we also know it's carcinogenic and that's the real problem. when it comes to the food chain the higher up an organism is the more t.n.t. it is bound to have accumulated if the concentrations are high enough eating fish contaminated with t.n.t. could mean a risk of cancer developing. spread and which. the scientists examine the water several times a day and find out that the toxic agents are being admitted from the white clumps

of t.n.t. are spreading through to see. the experts from the game institute have likewise detected the presence of t.n.t. in the baltic even if in low concentrations for now. this footage was taken in an ordinance dump area right next to the keel field order. underwater ordinance and poison gas are a global problem they have been dumped in all the world's oceans and in some places all you need to access them is diving equipment. fights again only accessible explosives in these quantities and possibly poison gas too in some places i'd rather not think of what could happen if they got into the wrong hands. on the he did a mission on the horus scenario that became reality in sicily and 992

and mafia judge giovanni falcone i was assassinated in an infamous bombing. further similar and deadly attacks were perpetrated in the following months 20 years later the authorities arrested a fisherman who had retrieved the explosives for the mafia from the city and theoretically this is a similar threat lurking off germany's north and baltic sea coasts an estimated $1600000.00 tons of old munitions slowly deteriorating on the seabed even decades after being dumped dropped or fired into the water the ordinance can still be so explosive that it has to be blown up directly where it's found. but it's a solution that comes with its own devastating impact. each detonation triggers a huge shockwave and the sound pressure is lethal for creatures with lungs marine mammals that live in the water such as the porpoises native to the region it's.

the shock wave just keeps on going through the water column and can still be lethal 10 kilometers away so you'll be turned off to people falling. where possible the old bombs and shells are brought ashore to be diffused safely on land in cases where transporting them to purpose built furnaces is too risky experts varied the ordinance with new explosives and detonate them remotely. munitions that can be transported safely over a longer distances are taken to minster in western germany home to the national ordnance disposal facility the explosive material is pushed out and then burned. the government owned facility is the only place in germany where chemical ordinance and poison gas may be disposed of. what's left is a mounting pile of scrap metal the volume of munitions still in the sea mains that

control disposal operations will have to continue for decades. and. on the basis that we have 1600000 tonnes of ordnance off the german north and bought exceed costs when you see in the reports how much ordinance is currently being retrieved every year 100 or maybe $200.00 tons then at the current pace it would take centuries to really resolve this problem. do you lose the research ship gloopy a set south from keel headed for the kohlberg a height of munition size in the keel fjord a stretch of water you need special walls rise ation to enter there are 30000 tons of ordinance lying on the seabed here the scientists have positioned nets in order to inspect the fish swimming in these perilous waters. the danger posed by underwater ordinance to the water environment is the focus of these researchers working for the e.u.

funded diamond project marine biologist will miss long from germany's tune an institute is monitoring the native plant fish. the order we're going to use when we check the state of health of the fish and we look at the fish 1st from the outside to see if they have any diseases or parasites. healthy. this is an extreme example of liver cancer i don't remember having seen such a severe case before. what we want to know now is whether this has to do with the dumped munitions but you would have a very good if you want a pool or not. and it's far from the exception the scientists find more fish with liver tumors an alarming discovery. on the edges of the dumping area for conventional ordnance we found a higher proportion of liver tumors compared to similar areas that have no

munitions. and. that's why we suspect that the tumors are connected to the pollutants released into the water if it is. almost long and his colleagues later returned to the tune an institute in braemar harben to evaluate their samples in the lab. they use state of the art technology to cut the fish tissue into wafer thin slices before examining them under the microscope. this suspicion that t.n.t. might be the cause of the live achiness found in fish has turned into certainty. if this is all healthy tissue and this is that you mother. after winners in the at the national level the government sees no need to take action which is why there is no broad based political initiative it's not in the coalition agreement and there have been no commitments by the ruling parties. but there's no record of the chancellor saying i don't care who does it as long as someone does it and so

it's the same as ever everyone keeps passing the buck and in this case it's between the transportation ministry because of the rivers and the environment ministry because of the sea but ministerial we were eager to talk to those ministries about the growing problem of underwater ordinance and made several interview requests. of course we understand what you are planning however the issue of munitions clearance is dealt with by the sh and the issue of contaminated science in the north sea and baltic sea is dealt with by block we therefore referred you to borrow due to its competence we ask for your understanding transportation ministry. unfortunately an interview is not possible we ask for your understanding and apologize for the late reply environment ministry. while fisheries of the responsibility of yet another department the underwater ordinance also poses dangers for the region's fishes who are familiar with the risk. of this

so we've had repeated reports of fishermen finding mines or depth charges in their nets it happened 4 times last year but none of the devices exploded and it was possible to diffuse them in a controlled manner. but there was a case a number of years ago when a bomb pulled up by a dutch fishing boat exploded in killed 3 people in the fish think of it what i call. and the problem extends to more than explosive devices mistakenly retrieved by fishing birds northern european coasts are also believed to be threatened by several 1000 tons. of poison gas on the seabed here in the strait of sky between denmark and norway where an estimated 200000 tons of poison gas were dumped after the 2nd world war entire ships were loaded up with a deadly cargo and then scuttled sinking to a depth of 600 meters tightly stacked shells and other ordinance have been

slumbering down there for decades and nobody can say how many have already started to leak. the danish island of born home is another hotspot located around 50 c. miles northeast of germany's baltic sea coast and even closer to sweden over $30000.00 tons of german mustard gas were dumped here every fisherman here can remember seeing a mustard gas shell in their nets says a man who has been fishing in these waters for over 50 years. most of us who picked up some mustard gas at some point or mustard gas gets its name from its odor but when stored it's actually solid and not gaseous it's a highly toxic substance that destroys the skin and when inhaled the lungs and fish are likewise contamination when they come into contact with the agent. we go you

know. normally you can smell the gas when you get it on board. or boy or man. right then we call the emergency services shock. and they are always quick to respond dispatching a lifeboat that also has ordinance experts on board as well as inspectors from the fisheries office a few minutes after the initial distress call a team of investigators in protective clothing examined both the munitions and the boat's catch before bringing the fisherman to safety. at the same time another team are alerted on the island a specialist unit that works for the danish defense ministry once the alarm is sounded they immediately set up one of the over 20 harbors on the island and get to work on the contaminated fishing boat. we train them all the time of personnel and equipment just this is prepared to leave our barracks within 15

minutes and then we will be up and running within 2 hours. regardless of what operators in in front of. operations are conducted under the strictest of precautions centimeter by centimeter the team decontaminate the boat as well as its nets and traps with a chlorine solution that neutralizes the poison gas once everything has been properly cleaned they contact the fishery authorities. not on that. once we've been informed our inspectors checked the entire boat and after that they were given permission to continue fishing the owner is awarded compensation for their losses from the catch that had to be destroyed. plus additional compensation from the government for having found a poison gas shells. shells and fish are returned

to the sea in an official dumping zone in light of the huge quantities involved one solitary shell has little impact german fishes do not enjoy the kind of service as the danish counterparts. the dolphin are not everything found by fishing boats whether chemical or conventional ordinance will end up becoming public. the fishes will simply throw these objects back into the sea because it adds the easiest option for them. it's just that. the scientists analysis of underwater ordinance have so far focused on the baltic sea but that set to change a new research project is now underway in the north sea which is threatened by even more wartime artifacts feb 29th taina $100.00 experts from around the world a convening at the tune institute in bremer harben for the final conference of the

diamond project researchers from across europe have spent 3 years scrutinizing the impact of ordinance in the baltic project director yet said bulldog ski from poland is satisfied with the outcome. now with the only remaining question is will the users accept the tools and will they use it. the new tool involves intelligence software that pulls all the relevant information from the diamond project plus darter on drums minds and torpedoes from military archives and the findings of other research projects. the software knows the location and type of ordinance and can determine how dangerous every type is and the scale on which the harmful materials are spreading for government authorities wind farm operators in the fishing industry a very useful tool. i would use informants and if you collate all this information and then feed the system with an example it automatically calculates

recommendation action that might be do nothing monitor the ordinance or recover it that's the aim. of course these are only recommendations but hopefully they will be taken up and implemented by the powers that be. almost 75 years after the 2nd more or the rusting old ordinance is now a ticking time bomb it poses a danger to shipping the fishing industry the environment and human beings what's needed now is a systematic solution for this enormous problem of the coasts of northern germany with the underwater ordinance advisory committee only able to provide recommendations it's up to the government to deliver the commitment and the funding and there's no time to lose. some look judging by our findings from the call back to hide a sight we are fortunately not yet at this tipping point where t.n.t. is being released on a broad scale but it's really only

a question of time not if but when it's going to happen it's inevitable and we have to be prepared for that. even if we were to take all the ordinance disposal companies from around europe we would still not have the capacity to clean up the seas over the next 10 years it's a process that has to be initiated by the government politicians have to make a commitment to the issue and assume both responsibility and the costs for say the next 50 years and then we'll see whether that's long enough if you need. or you know i'm saying it's too expensive and will take too long as an excuse we cannot permit. it's simply not a proper political response. but we need action and the sooner and more resolutely that happens the better the visible alternative is we do nothing we wait for another 150 years and by then the rust has opened it all up and we have all the time 6 up senses in the baltic sea and then it's too late to retrieve them fine but

of course that's a pathetic response. by o.t. topics. keep learning marched reality wait a 2nd for you want the whole picture cause facts instead of make ideas and shifts to live us. from l.a. to reality to cryptocurrency your topics for live in an ever changing digital world let's talk a bit to devise a simple. shift. sponte doubling. on

the 77 percent mental bobby easy to use that. to africa and to be german and to the german african. national i 2nd year student residency. she sings about it that sets an example for others. in 30 minutes on. takes place. with little. to make. it all. bad. for them so long.

last. the by. this is e.w. news. donald trump abruptly counsels peace talks with is the town of on the us president says that the move is in response to a taliban attack in kabul could this be the end of the peace process that seeks to brush off the u.s. is long tough get a campaign also coming up conditions all rapidly deteriorating thousands of people displaced by hurricane dorian in the bahamas with their homes and communities destroyed and in need of food.