football paid homage to its heroes and rupp pino stole the show stay reminder of our top stories this hour britain's supreme court is set to rule on whether prime minister boris johnson overstepped his powers by suspending parliament many lawmakers say johnson's move was a tactical push to get his plans for a no deal through. and we'll have the latest from london on that for now though for me brian thomas i'm saying thank you and you can watch. her 1st day at school. her 1st clinging lesson. as grandma was arrives. to join the reckoning on her journey back to freedom. in our interactive documentary tour of interacting returns home on d

w dot com american tanks. program your family good. out about the. past and present in the weimar republic the ideology of ethno nationalism was widespread and eventually became the foundation of the nazi regime. 'd stream right in germany today is clearly drawing upon this old focus ideology this ethno nationalism this was right wing extremists today are stoking fears of immigration and what they call the great replacement it was always toasts in rome for great replacement is when the majority population the native population is displaced and replaced by a minority when the ethnic composition of

a population is turned on its head all. at once again. the new rides ethno nationalist ideas are companied by racism and anti-semitism. everyone knows which old parasites were talking about. the new right rejects today's germany and believes the time is ripe for a national transformation by their glauber there's a belief i think it's a delusional $11.00 that the time has come to overthrow the system they hate to overthrow democracy to its own corner.

what does the germany of today have to do with the via our republic of nearly a century ago what do they have in common what parallels can we draw to a time just before the nazi regime seized power sweeping away freedom and peace. that's the simple and catchy slogan bolin is not weimar that's a trivialization of history historical constellations don't repeat themselves in this $1.00 to $1.00 kind of a way we go the slogan also offers a kind of false reassurance it implies we don't need to give much thought to anti democratic developments that might be on the way suggests that this comparison is meaningless but i believe that some of what's happening now requires us to do exactly that to undertake this comparison the same kind of assault on democracy that happened in the weimar republic is being revived in a big way you know of course poorly or if. history might not repeat itself but we

can still learn from it. students at a high school in cologne are rehearsing a play about holocaust survivor to mark dr who's who lost much of her family in the nazi concentration camps. working with germany's association for information and counseling for the survivors of nazi persecution they want to show how her story is still relevant to the present day. one of the we're doing and image it's a strict math by performing this piece we might be able to get people interested in the whole issue again us flag on how the past is important we can learn from it so that we don't make the same mistakes but we don't know where the next reference of in school you noticed the jokes about jews have become funny again those kinds of jokes are acceptable again it's good. to ma dr who is has also observed the reemergence of racism and anti-semitism and believes that something needs to be done now to counter the trend exactly that you once said remembering isn't enough

we have to act what if that doesn't happen or sliver that would be bad then it will grow worse and thus we have to keep repeating this message day in and day out much some people may say we don't want this we don't want to hear this anymore it's over but you have to remember without remembrance there is no future who i burned when in 1929 during the weimar republic 11 years after the end of the 1st world war. germany had been a democracy for 10 years but now its enemies were circling rallying on the streets and even in parliament. was even more open and we have seen that this new german parliamentary and party system is hypocritical and socially corrupt i just think it is an enemy of our fatherland . onto us 5. but who can back was chairman of the german national people's

party and a leader of the right. the. watergate at the time political parties in a weimar republic were under attack there was a widespread feeling that germans didn't need multiple political parties all they needed was a single true representative of the people a strong leader a strong single party just. that's what we're seeing again today for the populist all radical right of saying we are the true people we represent the people everyone else is being manipulated and is acting against the people's interests and does because you block the time the major parties have been preying on the state and turn the government of our nation and people into an arena for ideological experiments the a.f.d. is our country's last chance to evolve in the right direction otherwise we must prepare to fight. one day a skull bits as leader of the f.t.

and brandenburg and has extensive contacts with neo nazi youth organizations the party is putting its faith in the younger generations. many in the weimar republic also recognized the importance of youth organizations churches professional associations courts clubs and political parties all expected the postwar generation to grab the reins and shape the country's future. by the time the nazis had seized power it was not just the hitler youth who had been converted many young people believe that democracy had become obsolete tarnished by the older generation that had led germany into the 1st world war ideas of race and ethnicity had become the hallmark of national unity the individual was nothing the people everything their bond to blood and soil was to be purged of alien elements leaving behind only the pure body of the people. who introduced the world as they could be no

contradictions within the supposedly biologically pure national community the body of the people it couldn't countenance any form of plurality conflicts of interest competing interests had to be cornish to all of these things that we now accept as part of modern math society where rejected as fundamentally hostile 5 clues. germany's student fraternities were part of this youth movement by 90. 24 their writings were drawing on these ideas. the ethnic nation as the source of political action every citizen is obligated to act in the national interest their actions must be guided only by the desire to preserve and promote the ethnic lifeway of our people. took me out at all it's the traditions of the german fraternity it's also true on the ethno nationalist and anti semitic ideologies of the 1920 s. and thirty's that has now fraternities serve as

a breeding ground for radical right wing parties and think tanks and for the whole right wing operator. the german fraternities are still the elite schools of germany's extreme right their traditions are unchanged. but how much of this ethno nationalist ideology still remains. we meet the fraternity spokesman philip stein and hala. what i want is for peoples and populations to preserve their relative homogeneity their traditions. how is that different from nazi racial theory. well racial theory is based on something very different ethnicity doesn't mean everyone is blonde everyone has beautiful straight teeth or a particular shape of skull people is made up of a variety of qualities that have evolved organically over the centuries and i'm asking about this tradition of racial theory because it also involved this fear of intermingling. well as i've explained it's also for the

kinship and identity along with language and religious confession which are some of the things that define a nation. and of course kinship in identity include some things that have nothing to do with racial theory but just with forms of expression with human forms. form as a this is like what. take a look around this. it's pretty easy for me to see that you're a german or european. of one so it's pretty clear that certain physical characteristics define a people. at least most of what i would call people that's actually a pretty ordinary fact. but that's a racist or racial point of view. why racial. i don't want to somehow define people by the shape of their skulls or the kind of crazy stuff that the national socialists propagated but that's not it just goes

without saying that certain characteristics are what define the identity of a people. so where are these ideas coming from is this existence this is an existential racist motive force has been part of radical right wing ideology for some 200 years and it's constantly finding new language and new terminology for its ideas like substituting the word race with words like culture or identity because they want society to be homogenous along ethnic lines you want to change the things that define germany as a state today many people who are obviously german citizens are not perceived as germans through the prism of ethno nationalism that's what they want to excess. tomato i witnessed how racism and anti-semitism gave rise to segregation persecution and murder. she and her family lived in the lithuanian capital of vilnius. in 1041 when she was 3 years old the german army occupied the city

her mother hid her but then she and her parents were rounded up and sent to the city's jewish ghetto. one day her father was taken away and shot not long afterwards tamara and her mother were put on a train to a death camp. along the way the train made a brief stop her mother saw a chance to escape. as if by a miracle they got away unnoticed and went underground for years and survived. to mark dr who's has been living in cologne for many years today she feels that she's witnessing a revival of the past a resurgent racism and hostility towards immigrants nourished by the very same ideology she feels an obligation to tell her story educate people and warn them. to sanya she's in my face is probably to stay here and do what i do i mean this is like a drop of water on a hot stone that many trucks can make stone melt and i hope i've collected

a lot of drops in my time and. insists. thought am not i am today nationalism has returned to germany streets under the guise of a right wing protest movement. fears of a nation under threat of national decline are being whipped up to justify the anger . of the smell of decay from a dying democracy is wafting through the country in this situation dear friends and i say this is a citizen loyal to the state oh duty is not to remain calm a civic duty is one of her. rage anger defiance and civil disobedience we must take out country back. you know. that's backed by both. giving

the finger and shape and to bend in the midst of you you don't hope i don't know your doctrine. and you know. the radical right both in the 1920 s. and today it regards liberal democracy as a process of decline and decay it's supposedly leads to crime and to infiltration by foreigners and other disasters. this view doesn't have much to do with reality. in the weimar republic monarchists and supporters of a one party system saw parliament and the democratic parties as the enemy. the social democrats with their ideas of liberalism or especially hated the communists were agitating from the left the d.m.v. peny and increasingly the nazi party from the right. they called for parliament and political parties to be abolished. thing but i don't think i'm.

right that many did not write you but i know. that. i'm not going to leave. today the f.d.a. is trying to claim the mantle of savior. they see the government and other political parties as enemies of the people. the i part time traditional political parties are trapped in their multicultural republican matrix and musty outdated cowardly good even trying to debug this council of invaders. dear friends the chancellor wants to create a fait accompli before she resigns even in before she wants to make the great replacement irreversible don't ask me what her motives are for some reason she has something against the german people and how to see address skiing the storage of

short. biscuit in and out i don't want to create a different country a country without immigrant families a country without a liberal culture and a cosmopolitan a globalised economy that essentially talking about a form of national socialism is not synonymous with some distance. in the german parliament the bundestag the f.t. serves as a catch all for the far right that survives by whipping up discontent and anger. many of the voters have lost faith in the state and political system. only one to 4 percent of voters from the mainstream established parties say they're dissatisfied with democracy in germany but among left wing voters that figure is 31 percent among a of the voters 41 percent. this dissatisfaction with the democratic system paired with ethno nationalism has also drawn dreams of middle

class voters many of whom share these views. for even before the f.d.a. was founded it is a certain segment in german society held much more conservative if not to say rightwing and even racist views that were reflected in uncle america's christian democratic party it was but there was no one on the stage who said this openly or with an air of credibility and legitimacy and that and feel if he has succeeded in doing just that out there and now racist values and world views and not just being forceful but openly expressed even if men are not on the there's a question that i've often. rightwing extremist beliefs also exist in the center of society that we like to think of as a kind of bastia a line of defense and we tend to think of right wing extremism as taking place on the political fray on something that you can get back on the control because it's

just an isolated minority but that's not really true me these attitudes are widespread and you'll find them as many segments of society. 2 right wing extremism can persist over generations this is shown by a study conducted by the university of munich which examined rhineland. and pardon board and back to federal states where immigration has been less of a factor. they found that areas that voted for the nazis in 1933 shown here in red gave a larger share of their vote to the in the 2017 parliamentary elections shown here in blue. its interest on a conveyor astonishing continue to use an electoral behaviors that go back to the time of national socialism does this shows us that the political culture or the radical right wing attitudes don't suddenly disappear or change overnight that's continuity these attitudes are passed down in families and communities. of.

the new far right and the cut their teeth on the streets this is where they recruit their followers. just like the nazis in the weimar republic at 1st the nazis were irrelevant fringe movement but they were determined to become a visible force and to grow. out of it infinity just bought it. and it would be. easy to feed it is it. any less. each bend in. the face to avoid be training at stated mission the f.t. has to remain a movement in other words it always has to be visible on the streets and it needs to maintain close contacts with other affiliated movements.

this is just being a visible force on the streets in protests is essential to radical tendencies and it makes a statement here we are join us follow us we're in the vanguard and ready to fight for even one visit in one come for that's what. this tactic was also deployed in the weimar republic fiery rhetoric soon turned into violence street brawls became the order of the day. the radicals set out to destabilize the state and demonstrate its powerlessness 931 saw the nazis committing their 1st anti semitic attacks hunting down jews on one of the berlin's main shopping boulevards. september 28th cabinets open hostility on the streets attacks on journalists to hunt down people perceived as foreigners or migrants. but the racism was openly

flaunted and hatred spilled into violence i gather that. this tendency towards violence isn't just an abstract idea it's being acted upon i think we've lost sight of the fact that we've had a militant subculture with an affinity for terrorism in the scene for a long time they've been waiting in the wings for the right moment to put their violence into action on the streets so that. the far left shares those tendencies as was on evidence at the g 20 summit in hamburg 2 years ago they also resorted to violence but there is a crucial difference. to my give the study. the radical left isn't trying to overthrow democracy but to overthrow capitalism the radical right who wants to do away with democracy and human rights this difference is also apparent in their behavior on the streets as a rule the left wing violence is directed primarily against objects and signifiers

of the state even the rightwing violence also targets the state but it also tends to hunt down minorities and attack people not objects you mention i'm quite was 3 am was the f.t. and their allies are still a minority but they claim to represent a silent majority. they openly express racial ideologies and notions of ethnic purity. they themselves admit that the recent arrival of refugees in germany was a boon to their movement. cause in the cartoons of course the great migration crisis that started in 2015 has been a kind of catalyst for patriotic or right wing ideas or whatever it is but i don't think anyone would deny that there was a moment when these opinions were able to gain momentum when what people were willing to say out loud really expanded all of the stock you can talk about things now that were more difficult a few years ago the finding young should really go on. this list of the limits of

what can be said openly and in public without immediate sanction have shifted substantially in germany over the last few years and i think everyone agrees on that this is it's worrying that radical slogans including a kind of rhetorical violence are now not just limited to social media where it's long been a real problem when the view now it's left the digital world and gone analog into the public sphere. because i couldn't far right groups such as big and the identity tarion movement are moving on to germany's streets of the. herds. yes. the identity movement may be a throwback but as this promotional video shows it presents itself as hip young and forward thinking like their other allies on the far right they want to draw young people into the movement the identity are skilled at attracting attention like at

this 2016 protest at the brandenburg gate in berlin and their campaign on the french alps for a mediterranean mission to keep refugees out rather than to rescue them. has mounted campaigns in austria germany and across europe proclaiming the supposed downfall of society he also plays down the crimes committed by the nazis claiming that traditional democratic politicians have become mired in what he calls a cult of guilt. have for years this elite has been searching for a sword to fall on to now they found the migration crisis this is a society a generation death and voluntary liquidation the identity want to be a force of life so we say this to that elite you're welcome to sacrifice yourselves to destroy yourselves with your cult of guilt that's your right but you don't have the right to drag the rest of us into this thanks the identity movement is being

monitored as an extremist organization by germany's security services the identity and say they want to protect the purity of supposedly homogenous ethnic groups the great replacement is its unifying narrative features prominently in a manifesto by one of the movement's leaders the ethnic german population will be displaced in the coming decades replaced by migrants who do not share our culture the 21st century is about nothing less than the survival of our people and the whole of europe. before. the idea that the population will be supplanted something like a. great replacement as the new right calls it is widespread this is and counting this is a core element of a new radical right wing ideology. it's a response to migration the globalization of the population and demographic change before going to more coffee as. alexander who calls himself.

is the leader of the identity and movement in leipsic his aim is to convince young people that the great replacement is real. he and philip tyler run the right wing you tube channel allowed get docked. thinking out loud. it's of the middle of i mean by now everyone should have realised that anyone who doesn't follow the green eco mainstream or who is not interested in immigration is immediately branded a nazi if they're trying to marginalize us who and i'm trying. the great replacement i've seen that a lot in your literature what is it. is the great replacement is when the majority of the native population is displaced and replaced by others. when the populations ethnic composition is up ended as well so if we take germany as a concrete example then the great replacement would mean that people born and bred

in frankfurt would no longer be the majority in their own city. and who decides who's german and who isn't this it's not a decision if there is no decision and no authority can make 100 it's a process. but you have decided who's german and who isn't. because if frankfurt has lots of immigrants you say no they're not german and we don't want to live this way. yes we don't want germans to become a minority in their own country. so people whose families came here from somewhere else aren't germans sorry what then some people with a migration background aren't germans in a way it depends on exactly where they came from and your definition of what is a german yes if you. don't already go also but the vast majority of people with migrant backgrounds in germany are germans. and that there are german citizens but can a piece of paper be the final word in defining who is

a german and who isn't. if you just placed on saying violates our concept of citizenship and the values of our constitution when they say that people are not german because of their heritage that's a modern form of racism a german is a person who is a german citizen and that's what the new right is unwilling to accept. the ideology of the great replacement unites right wing extremists around the world. on march 15th 2019 in christchurch new zealand a right wing extremist shot dead 50 people who were praying in 2 mosques. the killer filmed his rampage and streamed it live on the internet harvesting clicks and likes from right wing extremists. before the attack britain terence penned a manifesto claiming that the white race in western countries was being replaced

because of its lower birth rate it was titled the great replacement the same ideology that underlies the identity movement. and there was also a direct connection to martin's on the mouthpiece of the identity ariens. davy. martin selma was forced to admit that terence had donated 1500 euros to his private account a year before the attack. the terrorists donation to the identity area movement demonstrates ideological sympathy or proximity also said that he donated to other nationalist movements and this is a very clear indication that the christ church killer was a fan of the i tend to tarry a movement i'm fan. of the people. the identity movement has set up what it calls

a patriotic bar behind the barred windows of this house and hala. several far right activists are holding a meeting here. we are allowed inside but aren't allowed to ask any questions. he says the killers donation to muslims l no was no big deal. though as you think that is the fosses that this whole thing is a farce and it's this this is it could happen to anyone. you talk tomorrow someone could throw 10 euros into your mailbox. just saying the truth of this is this wasn't an issue. was this just a random donation unsolicited and unwanted. it turns out that zelma replied to brandon terrance e-mail. i want to thank you personally for your incredible donation. this is my personal email address if you want you can contact me here. continues to paint himself as the victim.

but he doesn't seem to reject violence in principle only for strategic reasons if i do i have nonviolence and activism does not mean being defenseless in my opinion it should be coupled with a genuine willingness to fight and we do that as a conscious decision for met a political and strategic reasons we know what's better and more effective of you. so avoiding violence may only be a temporary tactic. and event attended by numerous if the officials the speakers openly professed the doctrine of the great replacement. he warned us of the year the federal government wants us to work for the immigrants so that they can keep bearing children and complete the population exchange homes almost hours for it and these are these conquerors disguised as refugees just want to prey on. society split on this. is. people are deeply divided

and now the declining birth rate and mass immigration is posing a fundamental threats to their existence is is. the idea of an existential threat to the german people was also put forth by nazis during the weimar republic. hitler propagated his racial ideology early on directing it against anyone he saw as alien to the german nation. but at that time many people didn't see the danger in it. and you know he made a mention of. god good night i got up but even you know i try not to but it. oh indeed your body you know i don't think i'm out of bed at night but even you know i've. probably. been nazi ideology this supposed body of the

nation was made up only of what they called arion germans jews didn't belong even if their families had been in germany for generations. the reason why. is a muslim in this country doesn't like our no no no no no and if a muslim in this country does not want to accept our no. plan their friends he is free to roll up his prayer rug. under his arm and leave our country. was. thank you. he's a fine birders and both then and now the main enemy under this ideology. who are

perceived as powerful as infiltrators that hasn't changed continent but migrants muslims are also painted with the same brush painted as unworthy impure and violent blight on the german people fish dear. good. german fraternity spokesman philip stein has his office on the 1st floor of the same house and holler where the identity movement has its bar. he also says that the german people will be displaced by immigration. then slide life here if 23 or 4000000 people immigrate and live in germany for many many decades then of course a shift in the social majorities will at some point become a possibility. or just take a look at demographics or to sticks you don't have to be right or left wing it's

simply a fact that the demographic trend here in germany is basically happening to the detriment of the majority population and. there has been focus on this focus because it so the descendants of people who live here now no matter how long they live here will always be immigrants and not germans in the store it isn't their citizens but not part of our people. there the trick behind this is to present demographic change as a larger threat that's then dressed up in racist garb there's no way to come up with the idea of a great replacement unless you're thinking in terms of ethnicity and employing racist categories yet the students at the lessing high school in cologne will soon be performing their play. is that for them being a migrant or not is nothing special. whose only german 3 and who isn't everybody else they don't see that as

a problem to the contrary. visit. we all came from somewhere else settled here and then built up our country and if you look at it that way we're all strangers here none of us saw the real true natives and if it doesn't that's something that everyone has to decide for themselves whether they see themselves as german or not but it's not relevant to whether you belong or not. it's very sad little people the fact that these prejudices still exist is really a pity and we should be past that in the 21st century but europe is not past that here in austria far right parties have gained an ever larger following in recent years in may 2900 points christian staffa had to step down as vice chancellor and leader of the right wing populist freedom party after a scandal that exposed underhanded political practices and their plan to limit the independence of the media. in hungary this process is well underway the right wing

populist feet as party under viktor orbán has virtually abolished the free press t.v. stations with its own people and closed down entire editorial offices and he's manipulating the media for his electoral campaigns. in italy the far right league annoyed led by anti immigrant firebrand my tale salvini have a powerful influence on policy. there isolationist policies are one reason why thousands of refugees have drowned in the mediterranean. and the a.f.p. on the campaign trail for the european elections the leader york morton met with other european far right leaders to found a radical pan-european alliance. the right is on the rise throughout europe. so many bleak if you compare european countries you can see the far right is quickly gaining ground in many of them. in some rightwing extremist and now even

parts of. governing coalitions at the national level. after the end of the cold war right wing populist and far right parties played very little role in europe only reaching the 10 percent threshold in a few countries at the turn of the millennium. but in 2019 far right parties have become a force to be reckoned with in some countries they've even been part of the government . a similar development took place after the 1st world war which had led to the emergence of a number of democracies in europe. 20 years later most of them had reverted to authoritarian systems or dictatorships. the weimar republic resisted this tendency of the nazis were biding their time waiting for a chance to overthrow democracy and establish a totalitarian regime. for

a while the economy was on the upswing inflation was falling and unemployment was lower than it had been in years. in october $929.00 the global economic crisis brought that to a crashing halt. until then the nazis had been a fringe party then unemployment exploded bringing with it widespread poverty. voters flocked to the nazis. with little social security many germans lost their homes and went hungry. the nazis seized on this widespread discontent and won the protest vote from 124-2933 the nazis had made some significant electoral games but these did not come at the expense of the other political parties. instead voter turnout was rising rapidly. and it appears that many people who marked their ballot for the nazis had previously been

nonvoters. it was to appear the n.s.t. a.p. the nazi party was what they called a people's party the party of protest it was the only party that was effective across the weimar republic of the f.t. is also a mixture of socially established voters from the center who have drifted to the right and new voters protest voters who see it as a vehicle to express their dissatisfaction importance. and we will keep this revolution going on till politics in this country has been reversed by 180 degrees . the a.f.d. also capitalizes on protest and it attracts people who didn't vote before almost a quarter of the of the supporters were previously nonvoters there's a clear parallel to the former nazi party. is immaterial as it is also implies that not all nazi voters around 1932 had suddenly become convinced racists and anti

semites and national socialists the nazis were harvesting the protest vote and the f.t. is doing that too it's. even in these economically stable times the f.t. has succeeded in sparking protests on the streets. unemployment in germany is low and the economy seemingly robust but the danger is still there. german society is becoming increasingly fragmented isn't kind of we're not a society that's getting poorer we're a society that's getting richer anyone can inferi grow wealthy but the op a 60 percent in our society keep getting richer while the lower 40 percent haven't made any gains in the last 15 years and that's a problem even with the expansion of opportunity and social inequality has grown. this 40 percent is 32000000 people in germany people who've seen no economic gains

or who have even lost ground the state of affairs. has become a threat to social stability what would happen in the event of a new global economic crisis if germany experienced runaway inflation and mass unemployment. is at a kind of best of the new radical right is pursuing a policy of ratcheting up social tensions they want to push it to the point where tensions will erupt and destroying liberal democracy it's going to look at history . the by more republic went from a peaceful democracy to a brutal dictatorship in just 14 years. in attendance the trend is that we're very gradually seeing a return to those things social polarizations right wing extremism the rise of an anti democratic party the rise of right wing violence a state and a government that no longer seem to be able to cope with

a situation. where all of those elements existed in the weimar republic we're not repeating that history that we must draw on our knowledge of what happened to the weimar republic to make sure it doesn't happen again. to make things right match bloodbath beats dusseldorf and wins pakistan this. week it'll be all right match. potter to win its 1st game this season and

berlin breathes a sigh of relief. the. world unto itself. with its own gravitational pull. the finest musical compositions. with some mysterious reason. to believe that she was into the don't tell me that she never wrote. and the joint should come off and all morning. greenfield the symphonies of the harness pumps. how do the romantic master come up with such a pessimist. the problems

come. on w. enough. this is do you good news coming to you live from the end a unanimous ruling from britain's supreme court boris johnson broke the little the court finds the prime minister's move to suspend all meant just 5 weeks before the break the deadline was on north wasn't just what does this mean now for johnson's breaks it plans to go live to london. also coming up the dumping investigates the

growing presence of islamist militants in the hangup refugee camps we talk to an homage fighter who uses violence means to impose his boots.