you know he's been in the courtroom we employed them didn't surprise me i saw it coming i'm not sure. what does it take to change the course of history. raising the curtain start september 30th. hello and welcome to a special edition of focus on europe this week we're looking at examples of how borders and barriers are defining the european project to get things started we come here to northern ireland as you know northern ireland belongs to the united kingdom and shares a land border with the republic of ireland the separate member states now that border is wide open right now but. the european union the border arrangements could

change radically and could affect much more than just the economy some worry that could reignite the bloody conflict between republicans and loyalists that raged here. in this market and on the irish side of the border has everything a local farmer could want. it's been attracting merchants and customers from the republic of ireland and british northern ireland for 34 years. called the market into being the 80 year old knows everything there is to know about drama. in his guard house he recounts what it was like during the troubles the days when there were military checkpoints and the ira was active. and he explains why many here fear a hard. it's

just that britain is sort of one i'd heard of david. and the border wouldn't come into operation again maybe they're going to breed agreement is brought on. the irishman traces the outlines of drummer lee on a map it's a little piece of the republic of ireland that's almost completely surrounded by british northern ireland. that has little effects on the lives of people in from early today but a return to a hard irish border would leave them virtually cut off from the rest of the republic leaving many here feeling anxious and afraid. stephen race from northern ireland also feels betrayed by the british government so instead of the union jack the snack bar owner flies the american and irish flags on his wagon instead. that he wants you to be out in that maybe the sea here in the here are the biggest going

to come and if we had a bad day at all in the boat over you know you think it's really easy going to see the enemy is there yet you haven't come up with those wheels actually gears on. a short drive away from the market a bomb recently exploded at this intersection. police suspect it was the work of the militant group known as the new ira no one was injured in the attack. on the reed ready for tom conlon the bombing is more than a warning to the british government he fears it could mark the start of a new wave of violence. the start of simply marches. and. british army want to shoot civilian. then it grows. and all because of this now invisible border which lies somewhere in the

middle of these farm fields soon the free range chickens might have to choose which side of the border they'll pick around the northern irish side or that of e.u. member state ireland. currently their feed comes from the republic of ireland while the farmers' post is delivered by britain's royal mail. farmer eileen hall tried to explain all that to former british prime minister to reach the may. though it didn't change anything. border crossings is part of our daily life like even bring the kids. and you know mountain shops or over back up to 20 times a day is just all the time but we don't think about us you know it seamless there's . still no deal breaks it could lead to a return of tensions and violence and tom conlin has seen more than enough of that in his time. he doesn't know what the coming months will bring. the only thing he

knows for sure is that his market will survive this crisis. the biggest barrier on the outer perimeter is a natural one the mediterranean sea that body of water has become the main flashpoint in a clash between europeans eager to stop uncontrolled immigration and african migrants desperate for a better life there is no humane and effective joint policy on migration in the e.u. that has left aid organizations alone on the front line of a political and humanitarian crisis. this is the mediterranean sea one of the world's deadliest migration routes connecting africa with. that's a cup size riverboats. german volunteers have been monitoring the area for hours by plane they've spotted the remains of a vessel just off the libyan coast but there's nobody in sight it's unclear what's happened to the people who must have been in the.

patrol the mediterranean in the aircraft and. on behalf of german n.g.'s see what they look out for migrants who set off from libya aboard unseat the vessels trying to reach your head it's perilous and often fatal even when the boats with sound the journey. back running back and back again on people who are out at sea for days tend. being massively dehydrated in complete despair and in very poor health there are often dozens of people with medical emergencies who need to be evacuated as fast as possible. footage of a previous rescue mission it's common for migrants to be crammed into inflatable vessels without food and at the mercy of the elements. the people smugglers who see them off couldn't care less. but even when maria and her team spot a migrant boat in distress it doesn't mean the refugees

a safe. all the team can do is monitor the situation and call for help. there are almost new private rescue ships in this area anymore because of it's a nice tough stance some crews have been trying for people smuggling and their vessels have been seized. and merchant ships like this tend to avoid the area which often leaves the libyan coast guard to save people's lives is frustrating for the sea watch crew. to figure out i want these people to reach a safe harbor and to reach europe i want them to safely cross the sea and look at the port of leaders. of the. rescue ships being impounded and fewer resources for rescue missions available with the only ones left monitoring the sea. and then we're going to situations like this. maria unchain know that the every step is

closely watched by the italian and spanish governments. some accuse sea watch of cooperating with people smugglers who send migrants out to sea. but maria says this is ludicrous. and we would never communicate or cooperate with people smugglers smugglers or criminals who make money from people in despair. lied when i'm no mention they make a profit from people who are so desperate that they turn to smugglers that's why. pick ricin i've been. they say every life is equal and every person in distress must be saved without exception maria is a medical student who previously served on a rescue vessel it had a huge impact on her. and when i was serving on that ship there was a mother who gave birth on a rubber dinghy those are stories you can't forget to have a baby in a rubber boat out at sea without any help in those filthy conditions or newton

thank you for coming here and i'm going to stand in borders beyond anything you could ever imagine upsides and i just sticks with you. since i'm trying. now. it's stories like these that spur these volunteers on. although they face an uncertain future. their plane moon bird has been banned from operating from malta for 2 years and see what fin is other countries may follow suit that's why we must keep it a secret whether plane is currently based. for now the crew wants to keep patrolling the mediterranean sea for as long as they can and helps a if as many lives as possible. manmade barriers separating europeans have largely disappeared but not all of them the so-called peace line in belfast is a brutal reminder of that i'm also pleased that still run to another example is the

green line on the island of cyprus that u.n. controlled buffer zone has been separating greek and turkish cypriots for decades there's little prospect of achieving reconciliation anytime soon but that isn't stopping some of the island from trying. neo's he became a member of the european parliament for cyprus earlier this year he's attempting to break down borders on the divided island in the mediterranean sea. we have been to lots of nations aside is a conflict 1st army mines in 54. kids grew up in the occupied turkish north but lives in the greater part in southern cyprus. with the political science professor wants to fight in the e.u. parliament for an end to the conflict. cyprus has been divided since the turkish invasion more than 40 years ago. we visit the mayor of put

a little village on the greek side right at the border. the next town is in the turkish part. building upon it's just 5 minutes away but as we're divided by the green line it takes 2 hours the consequences of the partition are visible to everyone input tanya you said of the mission person it's full bore that you know people who are missing during the war. this monument was erected just 10 years ago it was a concession to greek cypriot nationalists some see the greek flag behind it as a provocation. because patani is the last ethnically mixed place on cyprus it's both greek and turkish. because europe did especially well here in the last election because he actively supports a peaceful solution to the conflict before. he and the mayor visited the un administered buffer zone separating patani a from the turkish north. these fields are used by greek cypriots here and by

turkish cypriots on the other side. the farmers know each other you can walk from here over really really well because roads are small danger that someone can see the soldier and your honor student which is. we're not driving towards the checkpoint leading into the turkish north of the border controls take a long time we need to wait and we're not allowed to film. the turkish republic of northern cyprus is only recognized internationally by turkey here to national pride is particularly important to some i'm addicted to it's a kind of victory of i'm too nation at least greek and turkish cypriots against nation of israel. and root to laura gina there are many heavily armed turkish army checkpoints it's an enclave surrounded by soldiers. grew up here.

right outside the local pub there's a bust of kamal ataturk the founder of modern turkey. a visit to mayor her son barbara and supporters shows that many people would like to see a solution to the conflict sooner rather than later. because you know everywhere else there's progress but we're stuck here. we need an entry point here to the south. regina was a cosmopolitan village. because the island's biggest turkish village was the smallest village ali ali and issue on the violent anger true cruel. 5000 people are said to have lived here once today it's a meager 300 most people left the village. located just at the border to the greek south the neighboring village of fatah mia is so close but inaccessible. his ear iran for the european parliament because he wants that to change in

brussels he's already testing cypriots. when you have to get there by our system how come george is a reluctance consumer goods show that our shows are going to be out there we are all together. and i think that that is what i want to see inside. their setting an example while hoping that the border dividing cyprus can finally be overcome. fortress europe that's how many see or would like to see the e.u. as an impervious block but europe is nothing like current fergus castle behind me the e.u. is perimeter has thousands of kilometers of open coastline and border officers from the european border and coast guard agency frontex are now for the 1st time helping to patrol that perimeter from the other side we caught up with some frontex officers in albania across the border from greece. these german frontex

officers are embarking on a 12 hour shift in cops to patrolling the albanian greek border with their albanian colleagues because the albanian cars are somewhat outdated they'll be taking frontex vehicles to get. the mountainous border between albania and greece is difficult to monitor the albanians need help to get the job done. and the germans say it's nice to work with their albanian colleagues. as well for just their very friendly hospitable people and as we have many out paintings living in germany there are strong links between both countries it's wonderful about going to. the locals in puncak have got used to the sight of these frontex patrols but they have little interaction with them. we see the soldiers walking around but they don't go into the bars or interact with any of the locals. thought them and use it but many of them do approve of the joint patrols. i was

almost over we have a high opinion of this mission for them i say that as an elevating in citizen this collaboration with our own police force essential use of. the albanian police has previously been accused of abusing migrants. but frontex wants the focus to be on their common goals. one is to manage migratory flows and the 2nd is to help the albanian authorities in combating serious forms of cross border crime such as trafficking in human beings terrorism but also detection of stolen cars forged documents trafficking in drugs or weapons. at the cops did the checkpoint a finnish frontex officer is helping to check i.d.'s he has access to e.u. data banks which helps him detect forged documents his albanian colleagues don't have this access. but i feel good i hope to recall it stayed here over time because

here we need to go in there again you know. meanwhile the frontex border patrol has reached a mountaintop along the greek border. this is where people often attempt to illegally enter greece but thanks to frontex that's become more difficult if we were. than a linnaean officer so we are in all now 50. we're searching for suspicious objects and documents. and if we find anything our albanian colleagues come along and transport the individuals to a police station to be questioned either by a front x. or albanian officer. please. these mountains now make an exciting place for kids to play but 30 years ago during cold war times this border was heavily fortified majority and with anyone who

experienced the cold war deeply appreciate where we are today in your view it's a good feeling to have this kind of operational general today soldiers from both sides no longer need to hear each other as they did in the past. and then them in blue circle don't. the plan is to further strengthen the e.u.'s frontex mission and other border states albania is just the beginning. your relations with russia have been severely strained by moscow's an extension of crimea and its actions destabilizing eastern ukraine that strain is most acutely felt in e.u. states that share a border with russia there people worry that they too could soon face russian encroachment in finland that concern is fueling efforts to restrict property sales to russians who already own 5000 finnish holiday homes. water taxi operator martine nieminen can navigate around the scary coast of

southern finland in his sleep. joined by russian born sociologist olga hanun he's on his way to a mysterious island that was recently the source of controversy in finland. finally they arrive at the island secular which until recently was owned by a rich russian and is now for sale their surveillance cameras have been turned off . last autumn finished police forces stormed the island security experts had become suspicious of this luxurious estate complete with smaller surrounding islands a conspicuous amount of jedi's and a helicopter landing pad was this set to become a russian espionage base so. after all a sinister teaching position along the baltic sea route to the west. captain nieminen was also surprised. because yes plots through

a hole. through the can ignore one of you to forbid insults and vitriol. it's really strange. hanun has researched russian holiday homeowners in finland. even though the owner of this island denies any connection to the russian state the lack of trust between finns and these property owners is at an all time high. and recently safety and security issues has been on the surface of these discussions especially of the after the crimean while we have an easy historical prospected finland and russia and its reach affects quite a lot because russia annexed part of finland after the 2nd world war. 400 kilometers east of the finnish russian border at. most russians crossing the border are just going shopping at the finnish supermarket others are looking to buy one of these holiday homes along one of the many lakes.

soon i.q. millon finnish m.p. for the social democrats grew up in this border region and finds the development worrying. for years she warned others about the unregulated buying up of realestate by russian nationals. following a controversy surrounding the island of irishman the finnish government introduced restrictions by on magic they'll. have to terminate that bias from outside the e.u. need a special permit to buy real estate or property relevant to national security like nearby military facilities all broadcasting talents by more. generally this will be prohibited in the future. we should also stress that this is a matter of reciprocal treatment as finns cannot buy real estate or property. or other places in russia. finland doesn't want to aggravate its neighbor russia

when russian president vladimir putin came to visit helsinki in august the debate surrounding russian property in real estate owners was not part of the agenda. sociologist although hannan has studied how russians in finland feel and she's observed that even though they're increasingly rejected by their finnish neighbors many russians still greatly appreciate finland. those who own properties in finland they are not afraid that finland confiscate or take away the property because they again very good image about finland they believe that the case will be handled according to proper case proper rights. but there is still widespread mistrust toward the russian government among many finns making it increasingly difficult for russians to buy expensive properties in the unspoiled landscapes of finland. borders like this one come and go they shift with the evident flow of political

history one of the best known examples is the berlin wall the infamous cold war barrier crumbled with the collapse of communism in europe 30 years ago today you have to look hard in the german capital to pine the few remaining remnants of the once formidable wall. where the barrel and wall go luckily this metal strip marks where the once stood but where can you see pieces of the war itself we are some tourists if they found the one i know. i have it up there ok good yeah because i'm going to head up that way. i don't know 900 brigade was no no that's that's somewhere else i don't know i'm both sides of the former border barely has grown and grown together only long time residents remember it. where all the gold just behind you behind me yes. there's nothing there. on that but that's tough luck but it was there

part of the world still is around at least a few meters with original sections with missing ones marked by metal rugs to form an iron curtain. tourists all want to touch the concrete that once divided not just berlin but the eastern and western blocks like this man from california actually expected to be more tall. but on the other hand seems like it's extremely durable and impressed that it's still here the remains of the wall are a real tourist draw got a tourist take place daily. this area actually was controlled by troops in the end in 190-0000 of them and watch towers in this area every 2 to 400 meters tourists can see the one watchtower still standing here otherwise the tour guides have to help people visualize what this area used to look like.

there are traces you can show how the city's changed meant for people who live here . without a guide like andreas folks who are new to berlin often look for the wall and. i have no clue. we just arrived recently so there's a wealth of it there but i doubt that this one. but this actually was part of the berlin wall of eastern germany authorities took the protection barrier one stretch for 160 kilometers now just a few kilometers remain and the border is gone for good. that's it for this special edition of focus on europe looking at borders i'm terry marching in belfast thanks for being with us.

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