when your family is scattered across the globe. this is good to listen to. the journey back to the roots you should get a minute not leave. the sharks family from somalia live around the world to them one of them needed urgent assistance. a family starts october and on t.w. . the fall of the berlin wall began long before november 989. we visit the heroes of eastern europe we talk to those who began the struggle for freedom and those who showed personal courage. the vision of the fall of the wall didn't surprise me usually the 1st look does it take to change the course of history. raising the iron curtain starts september 30th on d w. artificial

intelligence is making rapid strides there's talk of a new evolution that could fundamentally change life on our planet. artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize every aspect of daily life work mobility medicine the economy and communication. but will really make medicine better and doctors superfluous when will self driving cars hit our roads. will intelligent robots usurp our jobs and only heading for a dystopia with no privacy and total surveillance. what exactly is artificial intelligence and how much can it really do. what will change and what will remain pure fantasy. to answer. these questions

we embarked on an exciting journey to meet the scientists working on our future in the u.s. britain germany and china. our 1st stop silicon valley in california apple google and facebook all have their headquarters here it's the epicenter of the digital revolution. the tech industry has changed the face of the san francisco bay area new start up companies launch every day rents have exploded in artificial intelligence is the buzz word. a new type of supermarket recently opened its doors here. amazon go. all you need here is an app.

hold your mobile phone to the scanner and you're in. it. as leonarda shows me amazon's new menus and explains that the language assistant alexa can help with the preparation at home i'm under constant surveillance. which shelf do i stop at. which products and my interest in and. on the ceiling sensors and cameras. intelligent image recognition captures my every move what's my take off the shelf what do i put back and what do i take with me. this branch is still in its test phase but amazon plans to open 50 such grocery stores this year alone. this the end of the sales assistant just walk out no

more standing in line no cashiers. i feel a bit like a shoplifter as i leave. the comfort at the cost of privacy. my receipt. one block away the robot cafe. another test lab for the future. order by at and touch screen. the increasingly ubiquitous tools of trade. ringback my 1st ever cup of coffee served by a robot. so this is the taste of the future. of ai will change our shopping experience but what will happen to employees.

stanford university is at the forefront of global ai research with an annual budget of $6500000000.00. i want to know how will artificial intelligence change medicine. researchers here have developed an artificial intelligence algorithm that can screen x. rays for certain diseases. computer scientists promise of roger poor car shows me how easy it is to use take a picture of an x. ray with your mobile phone upload the image and a few seconds later you get the diagnosis. it's a mass and it's saying this thing over here is a possibly cancerous lesion and i can see that right over here ok so it gives me have a look at it now probability for. the knowledge you will be doing

a fusion and that goes beyond yeah now home test this work i mean how did you get to the point we started with a large data set of chestnut trees which released by the end i and piece contained the x. rays and the labels of different pathologies and whether they existed and those experts say it might say ok here's an image and all this imagine i have pathology 12 and 3 and we had 100000 of these images. so we're trying to model that can take and it has an input an x. ray and then i'll put the probability of several different pathologies on this x. ray. artificial intelligence is modeled on the human brain a gigantic network of almost 100000000000 interconnected neurons.

put in very simple terms this is how a brain cell works incoming impulses are passed in a domino effect from one neuron to the next. the resulting circuit connects the neurons and it is this circuit that artificial intelligence tries to simulate as a digital neural network. like our brains the network can learn how to identify tuberculosis for instance. first the network needs to be trained or taught x. rays of tuberculosis patients are fed to the system. initially it struggles to correctly identify the condition. but every time an x. ray is fed in the networks. structure is adapted and its diagnostic ability improves. it takes thousands and thousands of clinical data sets to train the machine.

only after the network is optimized in this way can it correctly identify an unknown x. ray. but how accurate is artificial intelligence compared to a doctor's expertise. we have actually done this test twice and this point one switch a set of studies. and i each data set that we had a radiologist label and then we compared the accuracy of the model to the radiologist and we found that they were very similar in terms of accuracy on most pathologies on one of them the model was performing the radiologist not the radiologist were on the model and then we repeated the experiment this time using a dataset from stanford which we recently released which is 200000 chest x. rays and then we had a similar set up where we had we sub specialty radiologists these are very uncommon

very trained radiologists to decide what the ground truth for a particular set of images was and then we compared general radiologists the algorithm at the task and found that they had similar levels of formants so these are all stanford radiologists and so they're that they're trained should be good you have the. reading x. rays accurately is a complicated process but artificial intelligence is making fast progress. when it comes to identifying and recognizing simple images computers have surpassed human accuracy. now if you look at your picture it's always probabilities so there are cases where the machine is not really sure what what would be sort of a clear decision to say ok this is. i don't know pneumonia or something else i think i mean i think it's good to talk in terms of probabilities because probabilities also give us

a sense of. how the models uncertainty on that particular problem i think one difficulty with probabilities is that it does make it hard for humans to interpret what is a probability of 88 percent versus 92 percent i mean in terms of the decision i should make in the clinic and so i think in that sense one of the things that we could experiment with doing in the future is rather than showing probabilities that are so fine grained maybe we can show things like unlikely or this pathology is likely or this pathology is. possible. in health care artificial intelligence this power in a revolution scientists are using artificial intelligence algorithms to sift through seemingly banal data such as the up and down motion of the steps we take every day. they're looking for conspicuous patterns that could serve as early warning signs of disease. scientists in the english city of birmingham are working

on a revolutionary diagnostic method. to date there are no specific tests to detect parkinson's disease making diagnosis difficult. ai could change that max little is a mathematician at aston university. just voice changes can be an early indicator of parkinson's max and his team collected thousands of vocal recordings and fed them to an algorithm they developed which learned to detect differences in voice patterns between people with and without the condition in a lab based study of the recordings the algorithm was able to correctly identify a parkinson's diagnosis nearly 99 percent of the time. max little's work is an example of the far reaching changes ai is bringing to the field of medicine it's no

longer just doctors who are using artificial intelligence to develop new diagnostic methods but data scientists programmers and mathematicians like max. one example when a person walks sensors in their smartphone register the up and down motion of their gait. but what information can be gleaned from such data. if we measured a pattern of someone's walking behavior then someone who is healthy might have might measure its aroma to look like that it's just the sort of move you would have if you had the hips going up and down the wrong with that pace. but if you looked at somebody or parkinson's disease they may have small steps like this and they may be irregular or they may have patterns like this they may even

freeze a stoplight so you you can see that there's a lot of different there's a difference so you can also now train an algorithm for instance to pick out features like what is the distance between the time distance between these these peaks and you can also do the same with this very precisely and by doing so we may be able to measure for instance here that as large variability between these the advantage of the algorithm really comes when. the for instance you might have somebody who is say who measures a pattern which looks like this and it might just be one small chain so the. very very maybe not like that but sort of some very small variation that's right in the in the sequence of these in the timing of these these events even to a professional eye because they don't have the level of precision they may not be

able to detect that this is outside of the range of variation but of course an algorithm connected to a put high precision sensor. will will be able to determine a difference and in this case this person here may in fact have a precursor symptom of the disease so this would mean that this person. with the help of an algorithm could be diagnosed as. having parkinson whereas the doctor himself would make him out. that could for the 1st time make it possible to detect precursor symptoms of parkinson's and enable early intervention . but what else does the data on our smartphones reveal. right now when you have already apps tracking your so-called activity yeah so in fact that. might be i'm going to figure well the data potentially could be there

that's right but there are ethics about whether we collect that kind of data and use it for these sorts of purposes now clearly we can't just collect this data. start diagnosing people which threatens we should not know absolutely. we could but we really wouldn't want to have very good reasons not to do it and that there may be good reasons for doing it as well but that's the kind of thing that needs to be worked through in a proper regulated setting. after our interview max little tells me he's received several lucrative offers to join tech giants who smell new business opportunities. he turned them down. artificial intelligence will undoubtedly improve doctors' abilities to detect and

diagnose disease. but amid all the opportunities offers there's an urgent need for regulation. we are on our way to china a country that has experienced breathtaking change in recent years. its capital beijing is buzzing. the whole country is hungry for progress and is on a fast track to the future. and time seems to move faster here by the year 2030 china aims to be the global leader in the field of artificial intelligence. and there's a lot to indicate it will meet that goal because the government has bankrolled subsidy programs worth billions of euros.

but. these robots aren't assembling cars they're the big attraction in beijing's latest smart restaurant. they are in the kitchen and automated waiters. i have a meeting here with a design researcher and. a former internet ambassador for the german government she's currently spending a research semester at tongue university in shanghai i asked her about her impressions of china. is that we went on this is real hunger in the city and it's super fun to talk to young people because they want to be the most of change they work day and night they have

a new work life balance model it's called 996996 i thought what do you mean 96 and they said we work from 9 am to 9 pm 6 days a week. but that's the better model now because they used to just work nonstop. but no one's stopping no one's hitting the brakes they work like crazy because they want to bring about change as it is a slice of this restaurant cost $20000000.00 just one restaurant. from live invested this huge sun to digitize the entire operation with the artist robot serving the food the whole kitchen is digitized refrigeration is monitored supply chains are monitored there are dashboards for everything everything is connected here and there where they're testing what works and which aspects can be implemented in other restaurants of this chain so what is a that's the idea here to just try things and to think big thing is there's a cost. i. know i.

come. from so i'll just help myself if i may. be how. sincere. but what about privacy. as this isn't as bad as they seem to be a trade off between security and privacy once you often hear how ai has increased public safety for instance that the because a surveillance cameras have dramatically increased the crime solving right. it's hard for us to relate to because privacy and personal rights are so important for germany. but here there's a different tradition and take on the issue of how it's wonderful. i'm fascinated by china but it also puzzles me. 2 how can they be

reconciled the high civilization of china and the modern industrial state with surveillance cameras everywhere. the longarm district in shenzhen. in the heart of china's booming economic region north of hong kong we visit the smart city control center. a giant monitor displays the data of the entire district in real time. numbers of new residents by neighborhood to plan schools water supply levels power outages. all this information is collected compiled and evaluated using artificial intelligence. the showcase project was developed with chinese tech giant huawei chief engineer

chen bantay tells me the city now operates more efficiently. ok. still so what you're doing here is urban planning. but yes the systems are a big help to the good of what. doesn't have these are hospital beds. moment right now there are 15000 doctors and nurses. and $7600.00 beds so shenzhen currently healthy or sick. a smart surveillance system scans the entire city illegal structures like this one on a roof are quickly identified and demolished. to meet some of this feels like a backdrop to a science fiction movie. employees with live streaming body cams inspect side streets. this is total surveillance.

chen shows me how cameras installed in restaurant kitchens even keep tabs on cleanliness. but doesn't the chef mind being monitored all the time. his legal will do the system logs all the people who view the images anyone who looks at them without permission is punished. it would be to. total transparency for the purpose of progress chen says residents of long gun district approved. jaywalking is not allowed in offenders are immediately identified. look here you jaywalk once and right away your social credit score drops. this degree of surveillance is unthinkable in the west but here in china they take

a different view and say it's driven a drop in crime. but what does it say here may be used without. says you do. you yes yes suddenly you're a youth. you know i love chinese facial recognition. you. are. a transparent society in the interest of efficiency. some of this appears useful but do we really want to measure control and analyze everything just because it's technically possible. won't that inevitably lead us down a road to down a dictatorship. maybe

trust is better than smart control. silicon valley a synonym for innovation and unlimited freedom. the biggest players in the field of ai are based here. but their headquarters are hidden behind in conspicuous low rise buildings. facebook we use their services in trust them with our data but the company is impervious to the public. a selfie at the entrance gate is just about tolerated. next door at apple the visitor centers 3 d. model of the campus is as close as non employees can get to the new building. what's going on inside. it's all confidential.

we want to visit google here in california and requested an interview weeks before our arrival. but all we get are stalling tactics. like these visitors google leaves us out in the cold. apart from a small store this is the only visitor highlight accessible to the public. these android lawn statues are even a designated location on google maps. welcome to google. in the. face the east and west. the european union handing google a $2700000000.00 trust. these companies command growing power over our daily lives and a growing political influence google spends more than 6000000 euros

a year lobbying brussels alone the e use transparency register lists more than 200 meetings with google representative since 2014. google is the busiest lobbyist in brussels. we finally get our interview not in california. but in munich germany. with one of the longest serving employees yes. how important is ai for google. is for ai is so important to us that 2 years ago we rebranded our entire research division to google ai and this at ai drives a significant part of our product development. ai above all drives a significant part of our efforts to improve the quality of our products. take machine translation through the use of machine algorithms that we've seen faster progress over the last 2 years than we did over the entire previous decade. society

will undoubtedly be propelled forward by the implementation of these services and the use of ai in the years to come. what's key is that it's done responsibly under the principles of transparency we need to explain health things work why they are needed or people's data goes how they can control it how they can delete it if they want to delete it or forward the user must have control. but what about technologies like google home the smart microphone sitting in people's living rooms google home who have google home isn't he's dropping there's a small chip on the device that listens out for the so called hot word so we're not it's waiting for the command ok google or hey google ok and only then is the microphone switched on to send a voice command for search requests into the internet the google server. you can get them presents the result of internet on google so. this like in so present this heist so as a science reporter i'm naturally curious about the future there's this patent

application from september 26th seen. google's application gives a detailed account of what can be deduced from household noises how long we brush our teeth whether we argue or whether our housemate is ill. it's much more about capturing atmosphere and habits than words. it's a google patent application that anyone can look up as a misuse or i don't know anything about this particular patent application we have a whole series of pet applications every year most of them are imaginary fictitious services which like in many other companies are never translated into real services . so i can't say anything about this particular patent at this point as companies and send button to its. patents for imaginary fictitious services google's e.u. lobbying activities at least are an arguably real. the off how much does google intervene in the e.u.

i don't even think of i think the more important question is the one that lies between the lines namely how ethically does a company deal with product development and we have several rules according to principles that guide our own actions research and product development that also guides our business decisions. and try them. on its home turf in the united states google is facing mounting political pressure in washington we meet barry lynn head of the think tank open market institute he warns of the dangers posed by tech giants influence we need to know in our society that the people who bring information to the public sphere who talk to the press who talk to the representatives in congress that they represent their own selves that they're speaking in their own name and not for someone else but they're not stooges that they're not puppets and the fact is today our society this is true

here in washington is true in europe our society is filled with puppets with stooges who represent the interests of google and facebook and it was a. given big tax monopoly power calls for regulation are growing louder in washington. when you have a monopoly whether it's over retail whether it's or research. is the public doesn't actually have the ability to understand how that information is being used how that power is being used monopoly per se unless it is regulated closely where the public is a danger. who means to take over the world they mean to direct our thoughts between person and person or communications between person and person and our dealings in business between person

corporation they mean to direct everything that they can and they want to. know what's going on in our thermostats in our houses they want to know what we're watching on t.v. they are at the level of hubris that even though the stollen this could never have imagined. pushing for google facebook amazon will the influence of tech giants continue to grow what can be done to rein in their monopolies. one thing is clear artificial intelligence is consolidating their grip on power there's an urgent need to rethink antitrust policy. mobility is another area in which ai is powering the march of innovation in the near future it could put self driving cars on city roads. but how realistic is this vision.

we've come to boston to the prestigious massachusetts institute of technology. sir touch car i'm on is a leading expert in the field of self driving cars. he and his team are working on prototype autonomous vehicles. i think that we've nailed a couple items with computers and machines one is all of this mapping and localization all the technology works super well computers can all are they are within centimeter maybe sometimes with a millimeter precision way more than what is required to drive computers are now able to look around and understand that everybody else's but that's not that's not what's required for driving what's really required is to understand what's going to happen next in the next 3 seconds 5 seconds next minutes maybe next hour and so

that's the key missing piece and the i think the problem there is that right now it's very hard for you to describe to me how you understand whether or not a person is going to use the sidewalk or is going to use the cross will cross the street sometimes you look at the face of the person and that facial impression gives them away and you will slow down sometimes not they may be looking at the same direction they may be standing in the same location is just a little face impression maybe just the way they stand and unfortunately that kind of intuition got to feeling and so on is very hard for us to program into computers . it works in a simple lab environment but in real life settings the algorithms are still totally out of their depth not that that bothers advertisers.

our test drives were nothing but a series of glitches. and inexplicable emergency stop. and another one on the 2nd attempt. the sensors on this vehicle were overtaxed by a car parked on the curb. and you've come on and hear this smart car over looked a car veering into our lane. that didn't work. talking to the mit engineers it becomes clear that to build a self driving car developers need to meet a massive scale of technical requirements. what i think about fully autonomous cars

is that i think i was very surprised if it happens in less than time also i will be very surprised i'm a big believer i'd be very surprised if it doesn't happen in 2030 years i think it will happen at some point but i do think that people really underestimate the kind of technology required to be built to make your car on the every condition every circumstance every whatsoever that's the very hard. driving is not as trivial a process as you might think. and that's because you constantly have to watch what's going on around you. cyclists pedestrians sometimes you have to 2nd guess does this guy want to cross the road or not the 4th or 5th it's hard to imagine all that being calculated automatically.

assume it's a self driving vehicle would have to be able to deal with all of this to hear we have a truck doing a 3 point turn. over but i may have to back up now if he doesn't make it. clear she want to cross the road or not some people don't even wait. to fully autonomous car is a distant dream but driver assistance systems are already making our road safer.

an accident film from a car equipped with emergency brake assist. the sequence of events can be assessed in slow motion. the red vehicle ahead overlooks the upcoming traffic jam no brake lights appear but the distance sensor in this car registers the jam brakes and prevents a further collision. but which principles should guide decisions made by technology in an accident situation. in recent years mit's media lab has been addressing the ethical questions raised by artificial intelligence. what moral compass should future smart devices refer to. ron is one of the world's leading experts on such issues he and his team developed a survey called the moral machine to explore ethics for programming autonomous

vehicles like in the event of an accident. most of the time people don't remember anything and the people have no time to react everything happens very quickly so they just. are surprised maybe they see something in front of them and they just swerve in or some random direction or maybe they just freak out and press the brakes. so you cannot expect a human being to do the right thing. exactly such a small time scale unless you know they made a decision beforehand like you know did they drink and drive or didn't they know that they were going to cross a red light and then you blame them but otherwise you can't really blame the humans but with a machine because of this spirit of the electronics because the autonomous car is evaluating the environment you know millions of times per 2nd and then time goes much slower for the machine and it's able to relate the situation and maybe

recalculate the strategy and this is where we can make a potentially better judgment than the whatever random choice the human used to make in this situation now whether it's better though is a very interesting question and it's not obvious and let's see a case where we have people versus people so now we have. the vehicle has 2 people inside of it ok and it's going to either swerve and hit the barrier so that people will die in the car or the car will go straight and kill the produce. trans is a pedestrian is a who are crossing illegally but they're also women. and these people in the car are males so now it gets very complicated very quickly you should you prioritize women over a man or should everybody be the same should you prioritize but there strewn over what not and should you take into account the fact that people are crossing illegally in this case so as you can see once you have multiple dimensions it

becomes not obvious what the right thing to do is. a or b. who should die the elderly lady crossing on red. or the child in the self driving car what choice should the algorithm make the ads online survey presents respondents with various scenarios each with its own unique dilemma respondents are then asked to choose how they would want an algorithm to decide so as a result we have $40000000.00 the solutions and they're still counting from people all over the world and it enables us to start analyzing what the people agree on but also how do they differ. so does our culture influence our moral judgments. people always agree on

saving more lives saving children or saving people who cross legally over people who don't cross legally and so on the most interesting part is you could pick a country like germany. and you could see how they compare to the global average you could see ok to the status it's not really important but what you can so much less money is preferring so if you don't have to if you prefer to just go straight yes which is the default don't take a decision exactly this means don't like to take a decision yes. ask. stone like. you said close your eyes and go i'm going to go so this means in other words can see a bit the acceptance of technology taking a decision and the more you say inaction means. ok if a lot. of comparison of germany and france reveals cultural differences the

french tend to favor sparing women and there's a stronger focus on children. and contrary to germans the french don't want to leave things to fate they want the machine to make the decision. and the machine is kind of a mirror for the 1st time something that you did subconsciously or maybe instinctively in the case of an accident you know you can just act trying only now you have to make a conscious choice and the machine is forcing you to make a choice right so you cannot you cannot hand wave it because in the end you have to program something. driverless cars aren't yet ready for the road and ethical questions still about. artificial intelligence harbors immense potential to benefit daily life medicine or mobility but we also need to look beyond the technical

possibilities what any such progress serves it's a question artificial intelligence algorithms can't answer only humankind can do that. do you speak this line of. music theory. you feel at home. and does this take your heart racing. you come to the right place.

30 minutes w. . dust off the old atlas and get. ready for an entertaining lesson in global football economics. why do players switch to foreign teams where are they most drawn to and what role do culture and language play. around the world of football in 10 minutes. to 60 minutes d.w. . tapes would personally doing with a little wonderful people and still make the game so special. for all truth. barlow's. become more than football on line.

this is to w. news live from berlin counting is underway in afghanistan's presidential election the vote took place in the shadow of taliban attack several people were killed and dozens injured as blasts near a place near polling stations also coming up. protesters marked by.