the reverse the cart was stopped from causing damage to the plane barb rap instructor crashed into the spinning truck. you're watching the news stay with some anyhow thanks for watching. welcome to the book is the good here for detail the. trip trying to talk about its . coverage. during the. past little we have cars let's have a look at so many of them at least look so you don't want to. go. to w. . is

known as the father of india but throughout his life while hundreds couldn't shotgunned evoked mixed feelings he was viewed alternatively as a fanatic or an eccentric reactionary revolutionary saint or messiah or as a man who must be killed. he championed a philosophy of nonviolence only to die at the hand of an assassin. he led a peaceful resistance movement to free india from british rule yet independent india was born as an ally of crucial carnage. amid sectarian killings on an unprecedented scale gandhi risked his life to preach nonviolence until his dying day. on january 30th 948 he was killed by a hindu nationalist with 3 shots to the chest.

931 gandhi was interviewed by an american journalist. and. her. and. if you could read. the late brother of gandhi's assassin was jailed for almost 2 decades at the time of our interview he was 85 years old and recalled every detail of the plot lord say better off. not that i'm going to

say now that i'm going to say well they won. as i said their beard. mark mark on. the here was. 1948 i do not bread. water i mean. india to wave. their dead persons. not live. in the indian capital delhi there are several sites dedicated to the memory of the man to whom the poet to gore gave the name mahatma great soul. this somebody the site where gandhi's body was cremated on

a funeral pyre of sandal wood in accordance with hindu funeral custom. the national gandhi museum and house converted into a memorial museum after gandhi was assassinated on its grounds. every day crowds of visitors flock there from all over the country bengal and kerala pradesh and money poor. many indians rich or poor still see it as their duty to make the pilgrimage and pay homage. to the atmosphere feels more like a temple than a museum. one room has a series of die rama's depicting key scenes from gandhi's life. visit his remove their shoes to approach the spots where the mahatma fell to the assassin's bullets.

briscoe's. candies meager personal belongings. his notebooks walking-stick lettuce even his blood stained clothes everything related to the life of the father of the nation has been preserved. when mohandas karamchand gandhi was born in 869 india was firmly under britain's imperial young. like his father he seemed destined to serve palance. his family belong to the band. hardworking merchants from western state. gandhi's marriage at the age of 13 was a ranged he and his wife cast about would have 4 children. when

he was 16 his father fell gravely ill. describe him as a devoted son. gandhi felt that he added judy to nurse his father the time he was dying and hopefully he wanted to actually be with him at the hour of his death. but on that particular day when his father became critically ill he. felt more attracted to his wife and he was actually in the act of making love to her at the moment when his father died and it's a lot of historians looked at. his life feel that this was really something to bitch colors his whole attitude to his sexuality and led eventually to his deciding to renounce a sexual relationship with his wife. after passing his bar exams in

london sunday returned to india to practise law but soon went on to take up as. short term position in south africa he ended up staying for 20 years. initially. in south africa had lived the life of a rich you'd have acquired an affluent lifestyle he hadn't really changed because of this very ascetic person dressing and. clothes and so on he was wearing western style suits he was moving well. but then on a train journey to pretoria a white passenger objected to gandhi's presence in a 1st class carriage and though he had a 1st class ticket he was thrown off the train he resolved to stay and fight for inequality in south africa. when he returned to india in 1915 gandhi was a changed man. the barrister had become

a political activist trading his english suit and tie for a dhoti the traditional dress of the indian poor he says how to familiarize himself with the social problems in his homeland travelling by train across the country always in 3rd class. the movement for indian independence was gaining momentum gandhi addressed crowds in every town and village he visited he spoke of human dignity justice and independence. across the country nationalists organized bonfire protests to burn textiles imported from england. gandhi launched his charkha all spinning will movement. he declared it the patriotic duty of every indian to spend $200.00 yards of cotton thread a day and to boycott textiles produced in the mills of manchester and liverpool.

it did become a symbol of the commitment of the nationalist cause to everything every morning to sit down and to get out your spinning wheel to spin your cotton thread and they became very skillful at it you know they would spend hours every day doing this and gun these so this is something which was it was it was almost a spiritual task of spending you know for the good of the nation. in 1930 gandhi led to 3 weeks sultan monch walking 358 kilometers to the village of dandy on the arabian sea where he defined the british self an athlete by lifting and auctioning off list for love songs.

he and his followers were arrested but it was a victory for the man who churchill contemptuously called the half naked for. coverage of the march captured the world's attention. gandhi had an innate sense of symbolism and mass communication. there seems like a contradiction paradoxical for a man who came across as an ascetic someone who renounced won't leave things in search of spiritual salvation. but he was a great politician and a great communicator. said. gandhi's weapons with civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance the british

countered with truncheons. colonial repression was often brutal presence. gandhi was jailed 7 times. he started. a times serving 9 years. from the beginning to the end the struggle for independence was led by the indian national congress party. gandhi was its guiding light. its chief organizer. the 2 men shared a deep bond even if they didn't always see eye to eye. candy from a traditional merchant family now in this setting clothes in a dhoti. narrows the anglicized brahman well dressed and elegant with ideas rooted in socialism something like braced socialism in the 1920

s. . gandhi was prepared to tolerate that because he believed that there would always basically be loyal to him. so that he gave narrow sort of certain amount of rope you could say you know to do go his own way but gandhi would always be holding it i'm able to draw him in whenever he felt you know he was going to to to to create an extreme and there who he was or you know that he was it was in his interests to keep him with god but he also had a genuine affection for gandhi there is own father had died in. and in many respects you can see gandhi sort of taking over that position of father figure for the area and so they do have a very close relationship despite the differences. the 2 men were very different

not least in their views on religion. narry was a self professed atheist something rare in a country where refusing to express religious belief is a to boot. gandhi was deeply religious he began each meeting with prayer. life in india is permeated by the values of hinduism which assigns a person's caste on the basis of birth. but hinduism has been traditionally because it has a tolerant religion not given to proselytizing. islam had expanded under the reign of the mugu empress in northern india to become the country's 2nd largest religion.

in british india muslims accounted for a quarter of the population. after the country's partition in 1947 that number dropped to 12 percent. hindus and muslims had long enjoyed a peaceful coexistence until political representation was attached to religious identity. the muslim league emerged as a political force lin 1930 s. with the aim of protecting the interests of indian muslims. but a new goal in the creation after britons both all from india of

a muslim nation pakistan or land of the pier. the party was led by mohammad ali jinnah who'd known gandhi for years. both. came from they were good writing speaking people they were both lawyers have been educated in law and received training there so in a way there was that they had a lot in common but unfortunately they came into very sharp conflict fight early on after god returned to india. in 1940 gandhi went to meet jinnah at his private residence in bombay over the course of almost 3 weeks sunday times as he tried to dissuade from his plan for a muslim pakistan. he assured him that muslims would have an honorable place in a secular and democratic india. he even offered him the post of prime minister independent india's 1st government.

to jinnah couldn't stand the affection and attention he was shown by. because like many muslims he viewed it as a patronize ing attempt by hindus to assimilate muslims. gandhi's saw himself as a universalist he didn't want to be seen as hindu but his indian. god you know. yet everything about his style his dress was typically hindu the man you. so me as a member of his embrace of renunciate or a disciplines and linking of ascetic practice with political aspirations all that created the impression of a quintessential hindu sells. it to. shimla the summit capital of british india. in the

1946 the leaders of the muslim league and indian congress party met here to discuss ways to implement gandhi's vision of a united independent india. that . narrows knack for diplomacy failed in the face of generous intransigence. after 3 weeks the talks broke down. campaign centered on a single topic congress was a hindu party with a hindu leader and if hindus won the 1st elections after independence muslims would face assimilation and oppression to survive they needed their own state pakistan. so in 146 he decides to take the matter to the streets general had been a strictly constitutional codfish and before the end he'd been loyal to the british

he hadn't ever been involved in civil disobedience campaigns he never adopted the sort of tart tactics that gandhi adopted but $146.00 august $960.00 decides to take the issue to the streets he's going to show the power of muslims in india and he has a direct action. jinnah's call for direct action day on aug 16th 946 in support of the demand for pakistan sparked an eruption of harrowing violence in calcutta. 5000 people were massacred and 20000 wounded most of the victims were hinting. that later retaliatory attacks by hindus against muslims elsewhere reprisal killings spread across northern india entire families were slaughtered. something hindus now claim their religion was too passive and lacked martial art. to them the hindu

value of tolerance was an inexcusable weakness which had for centuries allowed 1st the move and then the british empire as to enslave the hindu majority. they felt the time had come for hindus to assert themselves and for hindu main to reclaim their progress. if they wanted to reform hindu islam and boost hindus moral and physical strength in every town and village where the movement had a local chapter activists convened mornings and evenings for ideological training and physical drills to prepare to fight muslims who were once again the enemy more he saw a medium or long been. well hindu nationalist. massacred muslims muslim league extremists hindus ghandi was horrifying. he began to fast in calcutta which he vowed to continue until the fall and stopped

. he refused to relinquish his vision of an india where the 2 communities could live in friendship and peace. and gandhi was watching all this he was doing his best he went to spend he walked around the villages which where the muslims have massacred the landlords and he talked to the muslims he really put his life on the line and he went without any protection just a few of his followers walking on foot and he managed to persuade the muslims that there was not not right to do this as he walked people would throw glass pieces on the floor. in his spot and his answer to that was to even give more of the very simple speech he used. in order to walk and start walking barefoot this had a tremendous mortar impact and battle that we like to draw is between in the

christian tradition the fiction of christ that is suffering for humanity tormenting the fish in order to make them more of a beat and then there is other retaliation by by muslims in east bengal and they're in the majority they turned on him attacked them massacred many and hindus and been hard on. the muslims. and again they do the same in india and then in the punjab we see the muslims retaliating by attacking the sikhs and killing a lot of sikhs in march $947.00 so the whole thing is blowing up in a way that's becoming really completely uncontrollable. in march 947 lord louis mountbatten arrived in delhi. as the last viceroy of india he's been tasked by the british prime minister to negotiate an exit deal with indian leaders batten appeared bent on hastening the end of imperial rule and soon came to favor the

option of partition. gandhi did head to again and again in india who are narky but don't party we will sort it out once you are gone then we will see how to do it but the beauty said we will go only after you decide who should go. and that is open and became absolutely inevitable so gandhi went to the extent of saying that. the only big platform is dead body. and then of course the congress leaders decided that they would accept the demand for partition. was able to stir up so much trouble for them that if they didn't concede for a separate nation state of pakistan then he would he would cause terrible disruption within within india after independence and perhaps compromise the integrity of the new indian nation state perhaps collapse. says several radcliffe was appointed

temin of the boundary commission in charge of equitably carving a muslim majority state from british india. he was assisted by to hindus and to muslims because he himself knew nothing of india that was why he'd been chosen to guarantee objective ety and fairness. most of india's muslims lived in the north the plan called for the creation of one state with 2 territories east and west pakistan located 2000 kilometers apart. but hindu and muslim communities in bengal and punjab we're in extracurricular mixed drawing board is was an exercise in absurdity. on august 15th $947.00 the partition between india and pakistan was made official. as the clock had approached midnight tomorrow learn there is the 1st prime minister of independent india address the nation. if you're . really good with dick cheney. and now

the time. when we showed you dean markley at the top of the midnight hour when live. in the hour when no week in light can be done. but the very morning after independence celebrations hindus in pakistan and muslims in india began to flee their homes muslims headed for pakistan well hindus set off for. india. enormous convoys of people moving in opposite directions the greatest mass migration in history. 10000000 people with displaced many were attacked by robbers and militants along the way a 1000000 people lost their lives. no one took responsibility for the tragedy but hindu nationalists accused gandhi of

allowing muslims to steal parts of the hindu nation. we went to the delhi headquarters of the rightwing hindu muss about organization. there we spoke to its then president he maintained that his was the only group that sought to defend india's integrity. ok got it in the ass of love i was the only one major sun in india richard will get good. grades earned explorations there. really. do you. want to know did in the one india solo the hindu nationalists claim that this was of a section of india. something that congress had betrayed the indian people in agreeing to in fact it was very much a part of their own program to have

a separate state serve their interests subsequently to have a separate pakistan state which is always an antagonism to india i was always a red representation of. india's its opponent. a few months after independence the new states wage their 1st war over kashmir a province with a muslim majority but a hindu maharajah the 2 sides agreed to a ceasefire along what's known as the line of control it divided the region into with one side and ministered by india and the other by pakistan of the 3 officially declared wars between india and pakistan to have been over kashmir and it remains a flash point to this day. on september the 9th 947 gandhi moved into the delhi home of his friend the industrialist and congress party supporter gunshy m does. in january of the

following year gandhi began another indefinite fast saying he would only east if he saw a plan to stop the continuing violence hindus who had fled persecution in pakistan with dumbfounded by gandhi's empathy for muslims which was inherent in the 2nd in direct goal of his fasting. gandhi's hunger strike was also aimed at forcing the indian government to release pakistan share of assets from the treasury of british india. with their nick. gun e.g. that's good. in. and said that. straight. i started die. deprive people of should. then only. believe my past that moment.

yields make me did. die of hunger strike. now. hindu nationalists found it scandalous that gandhi would fust to ensure india respected the financial clauses of the partition agreement and transfer 550000000 rupees to a country that had launched cross border rates on kashmir. so on the ground did. a day. as far as i remember say when our. president declared a meeting. there. not are not. going

to. see this myself. the attack of january 20th was botched god say was unable to reach the window from which he planted by his gun he hadn't thought of bringing a ladder. so hard drive from the river. it was so high here and. so. i mean he throws. us. my. police. actions did not take place so we are probably. the group

led back to plan that we need to attack their accomplice who would set off the homemade bomb was arrested. under interrogation he revealed the names of his coconspirators. even now there is debate as to why the police failed to apprehend the men for 10 days. mark my bandings to sit in the monitor as you can see in this picture this was taken on 29th and woody on the eve of his passing of it. he would address people who are visiting her some would be very angry with him that they would think i mean i don't know there was a pink in amongst them the bottle did not do enough to prove in the partition. on the gift of jedward. said.

the stone argument of the story and very true the pair. even in their bio clock are fired maybe 5 meters. indicates exacts walk began the variables faded by the assassin's bullet. in this pod of adam heart muddies this water 2 girls there he stepped forward. he took 3 steps before mahatma gandhi and he saw him point blank dates. and if you see the photograph. of the bullets it's on most you know it looks like a gun and it's almost in the same missile could. sassing gollin did mahatma gandhi with bullets and i think. at that one moment mahatma gandhi

rules from the ashes from the earth and he became larger than life. in a radio broadcast narrow announce the news of god whose day. the light has gone out of our knives and there is darkness everywhere.

near who its you know the movements he held responsible for gandhi says has a nation. the hindu master bar and the hindu volunteer organization the r.s.s. 20000 r.s.s. militants were jailed some members do very last i saw. gandhi supporters targeted the brahmins of maharashtra the caste to which the assassin ghodsee belonged and which was closely associated with the hindu. and the r.s.s. he is. then the most about who has. the trial of gandhi's assassins was held at the red fought a highly symbolic location it was there that nehru had made his 1st speech to independent india and to this day the prime minister addresses crowds from the red

force on independence day. india is a democracy the defendants had the right to earth day trial supposedly for the trial of the red 40 offered now to ram god sent the perfect platform to air his views. he refused legal defense and though he had lawyers he pleaded his own caps. but he did he stated that he had out it to his hindu faith and the back about good to which justified violence. he said he had been compelled to take action for the nation of hindus which gandy had betrayed. he needed to rid the nation of this man who persisted in weakening india starts pakistan. he described the assassination as a salutary act undertaken in the public interest not a rash deed of

a lunatic but rather a deed motivated by political realism which had been well thought out and lacked the simoom more efficient on the. then properly maintain for de lay. dead men drug they're not put on go to sleep and have their hair. it may show their simple instruments. amid a resurgence of fundamentalism in india nationalist groups like the hindu musser bar enjoying a revival. at its daily headquarters there is a statue of its late leader. a contemporary of gandhi's and a nationalist but one with a very different ideology souther curse upon the idea of hindutva or hindu miss a concept that inseparably links the hindu and indian identity not on god see

himself shared that i have more love than the big move. there is no question that i am going to see belong to. no doubt but you know as our eyes not belong to going to be love. this is a doozy and of michael. has nor in the murder of danny there was a very closely linked between the leader off the him and the assassin the main a fast in and the main organizer of the conspiracy off. and. not to have good thing he had been a close associate of father for it is the decade before the assassination and this man thought it occurred was directly involved not just ideologically or inspiring but directly involved in the conspiracy to murder. other courier and the

group with the conspirators he was also arrested and tried but denied alternatives and was acquitted. going to remember gary himself sent after the 1st assassination attempt. maybe the assailant is right maybe i am a nuisance in independent india says the dorset than the one this is the classical greek tragedy in its purest form where victim and assassin have a secret understanding with gandhi felt deep despair his method and his course had failed. sunni. despite his efforts to violence between hindus and muslims continued and despite his efforts india was fractured into. what use was he alive now. gandhi had envisioned an

independent india that was self-sufficient and predominantly agrarian there is approach was more grounded in economic reality he aims to combat economic stagnation and dire poverty with state centered planning and industrialization that relied on domestic industry after independence went all out for you know modernization of economic. in developing large scale industries building. which he. described as the new temples to india which would replace you know the old temples. it is difficult to know how gandhi responded to this had he been alive after $948.00 and it's likely that there would have come into some conflict over this because mayer didn't really put very much into trying to. maintain the. economic

program. to this day gandhi disciples gather on fridays to spin costs and his commissions cite the same handwheel the same motions as back then when cotton was spun to create the basis for economic independence. and all but today it's more of a ritual than a lesson in economic theory. we've got. to. keep eating to killing. people scully's principle of self-sufficiency did prevail until the early 990 s. . measures like high tariff levels and exchange rate management

protected domestic industry from foreign competition. to see if. the us over the past few decades the country has really opened up to the forces of globalization. a growing middle class shops at new malls of these the temples of india today. what your gender is a on an order if gandhi returned to india today he would be aghast to see how far the country particularly the middle class is like a succumb to western consumerism. he preached the importance of self-sufficiency thing each village the defense of the week and a form of asceticism according to such dictates as don't consume more than you need respect nature. there was a clear environmental subtext to gandhi's message for the don't miss that they're

going to. on march the 12th 2510 months after returning to power india's congress party marks the 75th anniversary of the so much. hundreds of people walked in the mahatma's footsteps following the same 358 kilometer route for 26 days. marches don traditional whites culloty clothing made of homespun cotton. and the iconic gandhi cap. the great grandson of to her lol nehru rahul gandhi was 35 at the time of the procession and had only recently entered politics. he would go on to become

passive president. he joined the marches as they reached the coast in which are at 75 years to the day that mahatma gandhi shook the british empire to its cool by harvesting handful of salt. with their own $35.00 millimeter film. or undertow video cameras captured the same scene. globalization has swept aside many of gandhi's principles but the mahatma's fundamental message has endured a message that speaks of the power of peace forgiveness and freedom and can transcend even the hatreds that killed him.

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a classic ecosystems didion or that more than 2 thoughts on the other side by once a. week of the same hominids generation these are the result as we have to move from a base of government call on all climate change has just for censored its report on the condition of all since we'll see what it said. in 90 minutes on w. nico case in germany to learn german published in the. why not learn with him d w z learning course nikos fake. when your family scattered across the globe. the kids.

to come. back to the groups should get mine above the. charge family from somalia live around the world to them one of them needed urgent assistance and there's. a family starts october and on d w. this is news and these are our top stories. hong kong has seen some of its most violent anti-government protests this new schools of pro-democracy demonstrators have been injured in clashes with security forces which included the police shooting a protester demonstrators were defying an official ban on protests for communist china 70th birthday. meanwhile china concluded those birthday celebrations with fireworks and enormous show in.