these values do go up to. use it to live by and defend the principles of unity justice and freedom in our work every day mavs. our journey really seriously starts october 21st do you w. . welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t w coming up. high tech meets handicraft one scientists are teaching a robot to let. the explosive power of the sun aster physicists work to predict soda storms and protect the earth. and fluorescent chameleons the lizards that have surprised scientists why do they climb

in the dump. us our 1st story is all about food tacos are passed out as popular in mexico made with hope marinated in pineapple and chilies. in ivory coast deep fried plantain zora favorite. they may not be low fat but they are super tasty. in india but at us are a popular staple whether it is in plain all stuffed flavors given over a sleaze but how does our sense of taste work. are these cookies tasty. when you like what you see you dig in after all looks count right when chewing you feel the cookie on your tongue is it harder soft warm or cold taste begins on the tongue it's covered with water

culpability they in turn are covered by taste buds. the bumps of the pill enlarge the tongue surface area significantly flavor is analyzed directly at a pill way by the taste buds on its surface. they absorb the substances found in the cookie and direct them to the taste buds sensory cells. the sensory cells are renewed every week. we're able to recognize sweet salty sour and bitter flavors as well as what's called miami a savory taste associated with meat or cheese. those 5 basic tastes can be sensed by every area of the tongue which collects information about what is being sensed and relays it directly to the brain.

we took to facebook to ask what tastes best to you. mark a researcher likes to monetise a dish made of corn dough wrapped in been known at least it's a speciality from guatemala and mexico. dominate like spanking best a condo served with grilled fish. maybe it's a reason love's been living in homey test corn husks filled with seasoned cormac's . kenneth loves kenyan roast goats and corn meal. and dirty like american native chicken dish that's popping. in the philippines it looks great. but did you know when it comes to taste all your senses play upon your sense of smell sight touch hearing as well as taste for many

of us food is about enjoyment but one scientist in britain it involves a whole lot more. teaching is a science at least as far as charles spencer is concerned the oxford university professor enjoys manipulating the sense of taste simply by changing the color of the cup music playing in the background you can change the taste of food that is something no one kind of believes on how it can possibly be true and there's a job of the guest a physicist to do the experiments to demonstrate this stuff builds an understanding of how the brain works and how the senses connect. according to spence for example the physical shape of a cup alters the taste of the coffee. as you feel something round in my hand that brings out next as you make the cut more angular that tends to accentuate the acidic notes instead and then by changing of the shape of the cup over the

surface of the liquid then you can accentuate to enhance the fruit you know it's. seeing hearing tasting smelling and touching the full experience of a meal is made about all of senses and what they come together to create. the self described gastro physicist has played with the concept and is achieved results that 1st glance would seem hard to prove. sound as the forgotten flavor sons and that could be the sound of it from the sound of the food itself about a crunchy crispy crackly through the sounds of the places in which we eat the sounds and preparation the sounds of the coffee machine we heard over. the sound of music fans of noise to. spence says his work has shown that listening to high pitched music while eating makes tastes sweeter. whereas lower notes trigger associations with a more bitter taste experience. so an immediate taste sensation can be enhanced or

tempered. spence's experimental research even inspired an acclaimed chef to serve diners a plate of seafood with a side of seaside sounds. under diners reported that the dishes tasted much more authentic. go would say further i'm select or create music that has to keep a profit is very high and picture picture rough. with different instruments and by so doing systematically season your food. seasoning. to show that your perception of taste involves all of your senses spence conducted a live survey involving several 100 test subjects. it was a whisky tasting session with different audiovisual backdrops. participants all sampled the same whisky in a room with grassy turf on the floor while listening to

a soundscape recorded in a summer meadow. they then sip from the same glass in a room containing round forms illuminated in red tones to the sound of high pitch music. the last room how to wooden floor accompanied by the sound of creaking timbers and low notes on wooden instruments each time the participants noted the ratings of the whiskey smell taste and texture the results of the 3 hots and $500.00 people that people said that aggressiveness on the nose of the whisky was about 50 percent higher in the grass the room the sweetness was about 10 percent more pronounced in the sweet room and the last of the text from the after taste and i feel the whisky was about 15 percent higher again in the woody room at the end and the people who are scorecards could see i know this was he has not left my hand and i can see my school card and see that i said defray different things about one of the same drink. the results help to explain a phenomenon that many people are familiar with. that when you go on holiday to the

mediterranean as a northern european the maybe a rose a wine taste wonderful you sitting there by the shore the sun was beating down you with your family relaxed your whole day one taste wonderful so good you're tempted to buy some and bring it back home and share it with your friends and family on a cold winter's night and then you open it it just never quite taste the same. there's no question that spence enjoys playing around with a sense of taste. as a scientist he's also excited about the opportunities offered by the digital age. as you look at food he can deliver augmenting reality so i can change what this biscuit looks like i can make it bigger or smaller i can change the color or have got something like a cup of coffee say this has a my colleagues in japan now have it such that i can add cream or i can add make this drink look hot up by adding steam flowing off the top the idea is we can make

things taste better different make it look like i'm eating a really big cookie will i be happy with less. my brain to figure out that i'm being fooled how and where you eat and drink the utensils you use. all of it influences your perceptions. so taste to a large extent at least is all in your head. to head is one thing this robot doesn't have that handle is easy to program and can do all kinds of jobs which may seem very popular with scientists some of them are now teaching him an age old school. once to the left once to the right hand of the robot is learning to knit his classroom is a laboratory at the technical university of berlin when his minder. looked at what services panda could learn to perform for research purposes they thought why not

knitting. us 1st we all found the idea in using it so the more i thought about it the more i thought why we're laughing about it. maybe because we tend to associate robots with a high tech future and not a traditional handicraft another reason for the disconnect many robots today are being designed in ways that propagate gender cliches depending on whether they're intended for roles considered typically masculine or typically feminine. behind and we have a very clearly defined division of labor along gender lines and the new technology is simply being slotted into existing social patents. the scientists are hoping to break some of those cliched gender roles with a powerful robotic arm that does nothing. in teaching the robot how to get the researchers have to put themselves in the robots position to understand

what's needed. it's a principle that will be even more necessary in the future if robots are to help around the home care for the elderly or the sick. the scientists aren't teaching the robot to knit so that compared to sweaters and socks what they're trying to do is explore the interaction between people and machines i'm only cook so when we constantly focus on the cooperation between us as human beings on the robotic arm the goal is not to replace knitting machines or people but to find out what's going on at this interface. and not just via theoretical discussions but also with practical experiments the team is made up of sociologists i.t. specialists and socio cultural analysts the insights gained while teaching panda the robot to net a recorded in an online blog. noting

classes for robots an unusual research project making its own in conspicuous contribution to a future where robots and people will increasingly work side by side and hand in hand. 'd research out in space would be impossible without the use of robots carrying out tests where humans have yet to trade. observations satellites. space telescopes. and unmanned probes explore everything from planets to the moon to asteroids. now a new mission scheduled to start next year will focus on the star at the same to the us so this is. the sun is a see the mass of matter in fractions of a 2nd it produces a 1000 times more energy than the entire human race uses in a year in comparison to the sun earth is minuscule. the

star at the center of our solar system lasts mass clouds of electrically charged particles into space some of which can damaged. satellite. maybe even knocked out power grids on earth that happened in march 1909 for example mars and. the entire power grid in the canadian province of quebec collapsed after the transformers literally burned through it was the middle of the canadian winter and suddenly 6000000 people were without power. to help protect vital technology on earth physicists in the german city of pottstown studying the sun very closely they want to predict solar storms a number of satellites are already providing detailed information about the star and the stormy cloud of superheated gas that surrounds it. images like this are of

course very impressive. that something special about solar physics compared to astrophysics or extragalactic physics we can actually see the processes happening on the sun. they occur on a time scale that we can still observe for ourselves. with help from the european space agency's solar orbiter satellite the researches want to discover more about how solar storms develop to do so the satellite will need to get extremely close to the sun and then spend 10 days observing just one area of the burning ball of gas the scientists imparts helps develop an important instrument for the satellite it was tested here at the einstein tower an observatory where solar research has been conducted for over 90 years. now they're testing complex high tech components for a special purpose telescope. it will be placed on board the solar orbiter for the

mission to the sun protected from the intense radiation by a heat shield the telescope will focus on the hottest part spits out mystere the regions where solar storms can develop. every day the scientists here observe the titanic solar forces at work does that change their view of the world. humble you realize how unimportant we really are compared to the entire universe we humans often think we're so important but we're just a tiny speck in the universe subject to the laws of nature. before. the new start a light is going to launch in 2020 scientists say the data it sends back will give us a whole new insights into the way our sun works. the sun is around 150000000 kilometers from earth sometimes it's

a little closer than that at other times a little further away depending on the earth's current position in orbit. measuring distances in space is something of a science in itself a view in mexico but a question about that. how can distances be measured in outer space. there are cosmic home in the solar system we can still apply common measuring standards such as mars and kilometers. in recent decades we've explored in our own backyard with space probes. and we believe in sent human beings to our nearest neighbor the moon which is about 400000 kilometers away. compared with the distance to saturn which is about one and a half 1000000000 kilometers away. and we'd have to travel over 40 trillion

kilometers to get to the next star system. but is that a distance anyone can imagine. over 4 years to travel that far because light always moves at the same constant speed throughout the universe astronomers can use it to define distances. they can determine how far away or using the. method it involves measuring a given position in the night sky 6 months later they measure it again they can then calculate the distance to us using trigonometry but this method only works for objects relatively close to us up to a distance of about 150 light years if astronomers want to find out the dimensions of the milky way or the distance to our neighboring galaxies they have to use another measuring stick. sci fi of variables see fields are pulsating stars that at

certain periods have a known luminosity that's why they're also known as standard candles astronomers can calculate the distance using the amount of light that reaches the telescope at specific times during a c.v. it's pulsation. specific kinds of exploding stars or supernovae are even brighter standard candles these light sources kmita tempted by the hubble space telescope right up to the edge of the visible universe one image shows galaxies that are more than 13000000000 light years away the deepest view yet into outer space. if outlet is read write. it. do you have a science question that you've always wanted and said we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. interested in more stories from the world of

science go to our website or find us on twitter or facebook. a number of fish do it. do some corals and sponges they close in the dark it's known as biofuel resonance they have ultraviolet light and projected as a different color and it's not just restricted to marine life the phenomenon also crops up on learned sometimes to the surprise of scientists. it all began with a coincidence biologist started parts or saw a photograph online that showed a chameleon with strange glow in the dark spots. 'd the chameleon expert was surprised he'd never seen the phenomenon in the animals before that's why it 1st put some thought it was a fake then he saw it with his own eyes. his panther chameleon also has

been exposed to u.v. light a mysterious fluorescent pattern appears around its skull. it's not like you jump up and yell eureka instead you realize you have all kinds of work still ahead when we stumbled on this we were fascinated that no one had heard of it it's an absolutely new phenomenon that had never been seen before and it could be linked to communication. chameleons don't have voices and make very little noise at all. usually they're brown and green so they're already well camouflaged on soil or in vegetation most don't actively blend into the environment. they mostly change color when they want to communicate with each other. even though it just shows that comedians are pretty

social animals they drop their camouflage when they want to say something to another chameleon where the 2 expressed that this is their territory or with my also that they might be interested in mating the females on the other hand also have colors that signal to myself that it's not worth trying because they're already pregnant. that shows how important interesting issues communication is also among lizards. so could it be that the mysterious fluorescent patterns are far more ways to communicate. the chance discovery made the researcher curious if the fluorescent patterns were indeed a useful trait in evolutionary terms than other species of chameleon would likely have them too they probably wouldn't be found only in panther chameleons. the researcher hopes to test his theory at munich's bavarian state collection of

zoo ology one of the largest collections of chameleons in the world is stored here preserved in alcohol. generally it's pretty much impossible to draw any conclusions about body color when i specimen is preserved in alcohol chameleons fade quite quickly and the original color bleaches out. it's not yet clear whether the preserved animals will really provide evidence of a perhaps completely new discovery. event if it was fluorescents were no longer visible in the specimens preserved in alcohol and the discovery would probably never have happened it's not like we're surrounded by living chameleons. but got lucky he found the fluorescent pattern around the skull and ate out of 12 groups of known chameleons he investigated many different species have the patterns males more than females and the pattern differs from species to species.

and the experts noticed something else the fluorescent areas are all located right at the tip of small. found on the lizard skulls. physically researchers have always noticed these bony bumps or crests they've been used in the past to tell species apart because they vary from one species to the next chris but the exact function of these crests has always remained a mystery to the fluorescents could provide a possible explanation for them because the pattern correlates exactly with these crests and bony structures on the head. a more detailed investigation of the small bony structures reveals that the skin covering the bombs is extremely thin and practically transparent. through these openings

sunlight shines directly on the bones and they fluorescent light in the opposite direction. fluorescents and marine organisms is a relatively well known phenomenon it's been observed among 200 fish species as well as a number of sponges and corals but on land fluorescents has been discovered in very few animals now we suddenly find out the chameleons overall are more or less fluorescent animals that makes the phenomenon very special. many chameleons species that display fluorescent patterns live in shady tropical forests where the proportion of ultraviolet light and undergrowth is relatively high and the animals for us on exactly those wavelengths. it's a range that potential enemies can't detect but one that's likely visible to their fellow chameleons. research has shown the chameleon well towards the blue end of the spectrum. and they have century souls and their eyes that are sensitive to

u.v. . blue is a very red color in the forest so a fluorescent blue would work very well as a medium of communication it would provide a constant signal for members of the same species and help complement the language of color which changes. an interesting theory but one that has yet to be proved for now the fluorescent patterns found in chameleons remain a mystery. incidentally the quarry of victoria jellyfish is another creature that lights up right now and this one is relaxed but get it stressed and it will turn green to see the green fluorescent protein scientists managed to isolate the gene responsible when they injected it into the d.n.a. of other cells they wanted to study they were able to trace the path of molecules or observe the growth of cancer cells that discovery even won them

a nobel prize. next week vacuum cleaners that operate on their own heating and refrigerator is controlled remotely by smartphone the internet of things is the stuff of the future but is it safe more on that next time join us then on tomorrow or today.

and i'm getting the brand new w. from the bottom of it's personal device it's about topics that affect a whole lot of solution to climate change and the turn. really shut out.

place. after the fall of the berlin. not the night.

this is you know who's coming to you live from berlin and i'm terry martin we're bringing you special coverage this hour of the announcement of this year's nobel peace prize winner we're expecting that announcement to get under way in just a moment in all slow and we'll be carrying it live here on you there are reportedly 301 nominees in the running this year including more than 200 individuals and dozens of organizations last year's winners where congolese physician dinny mccuaig and you see the activists not immoral from iraq both for all or for efforts to

combat sexual violence in conflict each nobel prize is worth more than $900000.00 the wards have been handed out nearly every year since 90 no one this week nobel laureates have already been announced in the category of. medicine physics chemistry and literature and we are now looking up the door at the room where the nobel peace prize for this year is about to be announced the the actual awards themselves will be presented to the winners of a ceremony later the year traditionally on december 10th we see the door opening and let's listen. in the region. nobel committee has decided to award the new.