don't mourn those simply too nice to be a good. match if you. discover the i. subscribe to documentary on you tube. from. this is the norwegian island of spit bag located in the spile bar archipelago in the arctic ocean. the town of new also is home to more than a dozen permanent scientific research centers it's the northernmost settlement of its kind in the entire world.

right now some of our scientists are getting ready to start their working day. but you know we're going to do some field research. and that's when we leave the village we have to take our rifles in because of the polar bears. here there are more bears on fall apart than people who get about 3000 of their sort of ascent to fit if they have tack it can be life threatening we have to be ready as. our. research station manager have skied and meteorologist marion ma to really face this sort of danger every day.

most of the research that's done here focuses on the local environment particularly the climate. more than 60 percent of the archipelago is covered by glaziers the scientists observe and record any changes in this pristine arctic environment. this data can then be applied to the north pole region and the rest of the world. shorter and merriam have left the village and will now head out into the wild but 1st if you want to load the rifle with 4 cartridges just to be on the safe side. then the scientists move into polar bear territory there on their way to one of the measuring stations that marion looks after. these instruments measure wind speed and wind direction close to the ground marian

checks to make sure that the equipment is functioning properly and this harsh environment. meanwhile marine biologist is packing for a trip to the arctic ocean she hopes that the weather will be good so would fun for an inch to the best it's always best to be out in the water when there's no wind and the equipment has to be lowered and raised versus. if the those is buffeted by the wind it's harder to keep everything stay but this to get to heighten and so here we like calm weather and the forecast for tomorrow looks quite good about the . substance better from all and you can scoop out. doctoral student clouds. also go along on this trip the 2 scientists are getting

their testing equipment ready now so they won't have to do it on board the ship tomorrow. they'll try to collect as many water samples as possible. when there was a temperature is just below 0 degrees celcius is a chart. of how to find this data as from yesterday. the surface water is just around 0 or. below that it drops down to minus 0.3. the weather forecast turns out to be correct clear skies not much wind and a calm sea. klara outlines the focus of their research.

as if that's futile we're studying phytoplankton the microscopic plants that grow on the ocean surface to find out what influences their growth and productivity and for the earth's that speech these firefighters have planted on other cornerstone of the arctic food web which provides nourishment for fish polar bears and other wildlife on efficient we want to see how the environment and climate change affect these organisms that's business in let's go for the. climate change is a major focus of a joint french and german research facility at new all or soon. right now marion is preparing a device that will carry out measurements in the atmosphere at an altitude of up to 30 kilometers the probe is sent up 4 times a day using a weather balloon. but 1st she has to. how to break the probe she plugs it

into a chamber that creates conditions of 100 percent humidity these atmosphere tests might seem straightforward just sending up a balloon but it's not as easy as it sounds. to shoot. if you don't attach the balloon to the on the winding device properly the balloon can tear off. and if it's windy the balloon will drift sideways and stead of upward and the progress in front of you do so if there's a lot that can go wrong as a descriptor to produce those who come. next marion compares the temperature sensors on the measuring device with of the moment is at this weather station if the data matches the probe is ready to go and the information that it puts out can be used by weather forecasters worldwide.

meanwhile clodhopper is preparing a water collection container. she and her colleagues uses steel cable to lower the device which will take water samples at various depths. clara is particularly interested in finding samples of plants and also called micro algae. as soon as they bring the container back up they start analyzing its contents. it's a good thing that they prepare the individual files in advance because it's cold out here. it's a very rare this thing at the end of the day with freezing. they put up with the

weather because the study of micro provides crucial data. required we didn't follow what these organisms produce about healthy oxygen and they have atmosphere that is well you know every 2nd breath that we take and if you see also absolutely a lot of carbon dioxide it's 5. carbon dioxide contributes to climate change . back at the research facility marion is getting ready to fill how weather balloon with helium. she's done there's hundreds of times but she still gets a kick out of it. the room is made of highly elastic rubber it will have to withstand enormous fuck to

asians in air pressure as it rises through the atmosphere. all set. it's essential to make sure all that the measuring device isn't damaged during takeoff. and it looks good so far. off the balloons going straight up because there's not much wind. on so long it will just disappear into the clouds. as the balloon moves towards a target down to each unit of about 30 kilometers the device attached to it sends back data including temperature humidity and air pressure. but the scientists are doing much more than just measuring weather conditions they're also studying climate. change and how it affects the environment and

analyzing the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. how do the component parts of the ecosystem work together and how are they being altered by global warming it's a huge task but the researchers here at spitzbergen are up to it. as. well trying to estimate the total amount of microbes in this part of the ocean it's spring now and the organisms are multiplying on a massive scale. only experts can spot the algae and their stupid fall of murky water. going oh yes and

right now we're at the height of the spring algal blooms that's when they grow quickly and they biomass is at its peak is to be your muscle but it's right when trees on land turn green all at once. and it's been like this with 2 or 3 weeks now and it'll probably start dropping off next week you know it. the 1st year that we were here we completely missed the spring blend it just like i think water to us my students didn't believe that there was any such thing as a balloon so we're always happy when we catch it in time now and as and we're all there with the ocean. but what if the water gets rough out here. you can get by as a voter here i've never been seasick as a kid i have a very sturdy stomach it has happened when i'm down in the antarctic with 13 metre waves i think it's great it just was that.

the sea is pretty calm today and that's good news for the crew. mari and check same on her weather balloon. says it is also far it's looking good for the probe is sending back data and the balloon has now reached an altitude of 12 kilometers and i assume that it will continue to fly and transmit it. by day and then she keeps an eye on the balloon as it rises. if i was on this it's already reached the stratosphere the temperature is warmer there because of the layer of ozone molecules. temperature is now minus $42.00 degrees celsius which is fairly warm shawl in winter the temperatures can drop to minus 80 but you want your meals so in the stratosphere it's already summer which totals fearful of so

much. that's confirmed by the data. really wasn't there it's essential for us to take measurements that are highly accurate and properly calibrated we know that all that data is not just used for weather forecasts but it's also a key part of our climate research and despite major trends in the climate we have to use data that's reliable and verifiable but. during the winter about 30 people live in early sun most of them are scientists from all over the world the population increases to more than 100 in summer. with station manager plotter could be shabbes he talks to mary in about current weather conditions since a lot of their research is conducted outside. we asked her about the worst weather she says. the most extreme case

was when we had rain one winter it was january and here we were at 80 degrees north latitude inside the arctic circle and it was raining. and. what was that like. it was like experiencing global warming while the wife. these 3 scientists from the french german research station are also studying the effects of global warming today they're headed out to conduct experiments on snow. the ball 3 are microbiologists bed while back into alex holland and rose later. you wouldn't expect to see people travelling by bicycle in the arctic but the research is can you snowmobiles right now the snow is melting and it's too soft.

rose is not happy about that climbers trait and that we can't use this name repair because it makes it easy to. either we do have alternatives and their bikes happen politically as if we can use bikes to get up we can use an electric car as we can use any. time through fear of contamination it does take more time that you have to be flexible to conditions. civility is also an important part of matter and matter really is job because much of her work depends on the weather today she was shuttle to replace a radiation measuring device but that's not going to happen. i don't want to ruin my measurements by leaving footprints we not only measured.

more radiation but also reflected radiation which tells us a lot about soil conditions affect you know reflects a lot of light but not when it starts to melt we've done a lot of tests on the annual farmyard schmidt's and a moment i'm told that the snow is melting right now and footprints reproduce a darker pattern on the ground and that influences the radiation measurements. misnomer today he can start by and for those who have him so that i'm not going to replace the device today just female wait until the snow is completely gone. because we're working in that i think the over the past few years we've noticed that the thaw has been starting earlier loud avoid the closet just keep that's an obvious indication of climate change and we can see it right here come on in who police believe i've been working at this research station for nearly 20 years or notice these changes are in the offices that's

a major cause for concern it's very sad and tall wished him. meanwhile ben was getting ready to take some snow samples. that. the temperature is 3 degrees above freezing that's 10 degrees celsius higher than normal for a. while is collecting samples of microorganisms is wearing special clothing so that it doesn't contaminate the snow this is a key part of the scientists research. that particularly interested in finding out what sorts of single celled organisms are present in the snow that's falling here. rose keeps an eye out for polar bass. that tough to spot against the snowy

background. if. later back in the laboratory the snow is melted list some poles are sorted numbered and packed in boxes. but what's so important about these samples from spitzbergen that mark could just as easily have collected some snow in the french alps. it's all poor people in this part of the arctic offer the warming trend is much stronger than it is in the rest of europe and welcome and we have the data to prove that so spitzbergen provides an excellent environment for us to study the effects of climate change or something and we can see those objects more clearly here than elsewhere. they feel it's more we can take measurements that are more accurate because there aren't a lot of people here that's one of ours more sickly perform all it's a pristine environment. and that will help us to study the snow content even more

effectively cope with it. for this phenomena. if you want great years and mountains create a unique look are a tree where scientists can study the effects of human activity on the earth's environment. here clara harper and chloroform are analyzing the water samples that they took yesterday kyra really enjoys this part of her research. if i may you moment it's always exciting to look at things under the microscope. there's containers of water don't seem very interesting at 1st but then you run the water through the filters sit down and take a closer look and there are lots of really beautiful shapes. and i really enjoy this lack. there. of course there's a serious side to this research the scientists are studying the impact that humans

have on the environment. right now marion is on her way to the local air filter to carry out some tests. these hype. powered radio telescopes gather data from space now the researchers are going to launch a drone that's full of sensitive sensors that measure weather conditions of the drone data it will supplement the information that's gathered by marian's balloon device. and says that she's impressed with this kind of technology. this is for the it's great i think it's exciting and all of our researchers contribute something different to these projects in

a space we all work together and i think that's wonderful cause i do this with an idea of. the marine biologists are an important part of the team in their research on trying tom growth plays an important role in determining the effects of climate change on the environment. the 2 researchers often spend 12 hours or more every day and all of our training. this time of year there's plenty of daylight klara explains the significance of our work. so i know for the only thing up on one hand we're trying to understand how climate change affects micro and not what you feel now adays he could also be applied to other areas like the north sea. but at the same time it's important to remember that major european fishing grounds are moving north in.

so if there are big changes in the ecosystem and it can no longer provide a proper environment for fish it's going to affect all of us of. the researchers here on spitsbergen to trying to predict what those effects might be some of the changes in the local environment later expand to include other parts of the earth. ski the head of the research station is well aware of the situation. he's worked here longer than anyone else often under difficult conditions. mr familia i miss my family and my friends incontinent i also miss seeing trees and plants. the landscape is beautiful of course of the miss them but there's not

a lot of vegetation. me so if you've got sort of. new all a certain boasts the world's northernmost post office it's a remote region but marian says that the scientists who come from 11 different countries have created their own community here. can. these american researches that testing a captive balloon their collects weather data barren of course takes an active interest in their work. battery to share information because they understand that everyone here has to work together to solve scientific problems like. the researches don't need high tech equipment to tell them that the annual phone is on the way they can see for themselves. this year the snow

and i started to melt early and far too quickly. for decades marion has been collecting data that indicates that global warming is progressing rapidly. since kids here have elmo we've been observing these phenomenon for the last 20 years so this graph shows the average and more temperature here which has risen at a rate of about $1.00 degrees celsius per decade and almost 6 out poor because that's a much larger increase than we've seen for the rest of the world. for. the earth's average temperature has risen by about one degree celsius over 100

years but here on spitsbergen the increase was 1.6 degrees in just 10 years. the arctic region is warming up faster than anywhere else in the world. here in new orleans soon the world's northernmost research facility scientists work together to analyze the changes that are taking place in the earth environment. at the end of the day they often get together to enjoy the midnight sun and forget about work for a while. these scientists are committed to their various projects because they are concerned about the future of the planet. they carry out their work in the snowy world in us. in the

atmosphere. and in the ice cold waters of the arctic ocean.

cheers please. which was this camera takes the phrase moderately. m m m l such as come up with a few other surprises. as brendan berry loves to take photos with the new small

camera the best. for social change the movement is like it was a every country. for women artists from around the world fighting against violence and aggression and for women's rights. for stories of courage and success. little stuff when it comes up when. 75 minutes on. it's all happening. of it. nor link to choose from africa and the world. your link to inception stories and

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after the fall of the berlin wall not the midnight double. this is to give you news law from berlin turkey wraps up its offensive in northern syria claiming it's captured a key border town. as turkish troops intensify their own bartman of kurdish militia the e.u. and washington call for an end to the offensive death toll is rising and thousands of civilians in syria are fleeing in a desperate attempt to find safety. japan's capital tokyo cleans

up after rain and winds from typhoon haiyan this.