just tell us which german street is your favorite. what's the most beautiful place in germany. what would you like to explore. d.w. dot com slash trouble good luck. welcome to global 3000. hunger and natural disasters they've always been the 3 main reasons for human migration but technological progress and new forms of transportation have made displacement a far bigger global issue. in the mid

19th century millions of irish and germans boarded steamships to the us to escape starvation in their home countries. than in the 20th century the 2nd world war forced 16000000 people in europe alone from their homes. since 2011 millions of people have fled the ongoing conflict in syria. and sometimes like in africa today all the causes of flight come together at the same time take mali for example since 2012 violence has overshadowed the west african country islamists regularly attack mali and government forces and un peacekeeping troops over the past few years 250000 mali ends have fled to neighboring countries now some of them are returning home. in. the

common 10 buck 2 is deceptive and it's mainly down to the massive president's appeal when peacekeepers rebels and you're hottest still operating in northern mali at the edge of the sahara desert terror and violence have left their mark on the city. there are too few hospitals and many children are no longer attending school . maryam fatuma touré the unicef the united nations children's fund. that's 15 years old and the still in school. and tim buck whose old town they regularly visit families to persuade them to send their kids back to school. we go from door to door to make parents aware of how important education is so we've already persuaded a few to send their children to school. but there are parents who say that education is not important for children. and then some of them say it's more

important to go to qur'anic school. not only parents objections like these are keeping children out of school fear is also a factor more than $800.00 schools that shut down after the political crisis in 2012 remain closed more than 80 in and around timbuktu alone the city my school is open and hopelessly overcrowded mariam meant mohammed ali is 12 years old and one of around a 1000 students here most of them are children from the neighborhood some have fled the violence but have since returned like mariam yet. classy and i'm giving my family left him but 2 in 2012. we lived in a refugee camp and more autonomy our. life was very hard there we didn't have a proper house just a hut. it was very windy and very hot in the camp it was hard.

but only. there up to $100.00 children in each class. mariam's teacher too late back i says the returning refugees need extra special attention c. probably because you and this is all we have to work with someone to levels on the one level we have to support them psychologically because so many of them are traumatised on the other we have to give them extra tutoring so they can catch up with the others. many of the refugee children have missed an awful lot of school. even if. there's not just a shortage of schools in timbuktu but also with teaching staff teachers have to contend with threats from the islamists who want to stop non-religious education. few children herrick getting the chance to finish their schooling. this year i'm

really happy there's a proper school here with desks teachers and parks. i'm so glad i have the chance to learn here and that it's a last. minute to be a panther. and 8000 kilometer long belt of trees stretching along the edge of the sahara from mali through to ethiopia. that's the goal of the great green wall project the idea is that the plants will prevent further desert if a cation makes soils more fertile and reduce conflict and it's urgently needed bamako in mali for instance has a booming population and deforestation in the region continues. charcoal is big business in bamako the capital of mali. almost everybody needs charcoal to cook with and the population is growing. my mom is

a charcoal match and. she's doing well but her very success is becoming a source of concern. that there are fewer and fewer trees. to do that scary if you go out of town you'll see what i mean. an australian agronomist with the ngo world vision tony rinaldo has developed a method of countering the forestation that affects large parts of africa his work won him the right livelihood award also known as the alternative nobel prize. landis cleared of the vegetation. gradually degrades and becomes less and less productive less and less can be grown at this profit can be made and people become more desperate so there is a very strong link between hunt flicked and land and also between migration and.

tells rinaldo that she now has to get her charcoal from 160 kilometers away because sources closer to bamako have dried up it's a similar situation in and around many of africa's big cities the disappearance of forests and degradation of the land is a huge problem. how do we fortunately through famine manage natural regeneration through the regeneration of trees and landscapes is a very low cost rapid and scalable method to reverse that degradation in the 1980 s. we're now discovered but in many places there are intact underground networks of roots struggling to grow and pruning shoots can help trees and bushes flourish well vision is now promoting the f n r technique in 24 countries around the world. in northern uganda some well done time was among the 1st farmers to adopt it

a decade ago. it is strange so much in my village. we used to have to drive our cattle long distances to graze. cvs could steal them. but now they can graze nearby. but there's still a lot to do the villages are regularly go out and work on reviving areas of degraded land applying were not as technique and training new shoots growing out of old stumps. farmer managed natural regeneration isn't complicated it involves targeted pruning and protecting of new growth still it's very effective these saplings will hopefully grow into tall trees. we cut some shoots but leave the bigger ones just one or 2. what we cut away we use as firewood.

the key advantage over planting new trees is that the roots are already there and reach deep into the soil so even if it rarely rains they can tap into the groundwater trees can also raise the water table release moisture into the air and fertilize the soil when the leaves fall and decompose as conditions improved samuel bunton was able to increase his herd. it has helped a lot life used to be much harder but now things are different we have a proper income we can look after our families pay for health insurance and school fees and everybody has enough to eat. in your memory got 82 hectares of land have so far been reforested but large stretches still look like a desert. degraded dryland regions may have countless intact tree root systems that could yet heeled new trees if they're properly tended

. rinaldo organizes conferences across africa on f.m. and are also in countries that are in turmoil such as mali he was recently in bamako. rinaldo has devoted his life to restoring africa's forests. he says regenerating local vegetation improves the lives of millions and giving people hope can help transform the political landscape as well in many a country. transform the whole country. because it has that potential people to be able to be self-sufficient and they're not going to be so interested in joining a fight somewhere else families. cities such as burma co consumer vast amounts of natural resources even as they become ever more scarce the restoration of vegetation around cities and elsewhere can

improve people's quality of life and perhaps reduce the potential for violence and conflict. of the world 68800000 displaced persons by far the majority around 14000000 people are internally displaced in colombia years of paramilitary violence has led to 7700000 people there suffering that fate most have nothing to return to their homes and livelihoods several gone. and more recently they've been joined by one and a half 1000000 refugees from crisis stricken venice right now. is growing fast some 10000000 people live here but it's the poor districts on the outskirts that are. increasing most rapidly. many people displaced from their homes elsewhere in colombia have settled in so watch the neighborhood is known to be

dangerous but it's close to the city center and rents are cheap. doesn't want to be recognized a month ago he fled from gang warfare and the town of felt. it was war so we left so as not to get caught up in the fighting we hadn't left it would have cost us our lives. the power vacuum left by the far is now being filled by other groups anyone who doesn't pay protection money gets murdered. carlos saw 28 people die before he decided to flee to the capital. i feel good here. i've had a lot of support from the red cross and from the victim support. and i'm ok. helping me find a job in a company that's my plan to find work and spend the rest of my life in.

the hope of a job and a home has also driven thousands of venezuelans to colombia venezuela closed the official border crossings in february but families continue to come across elsewhere on foot. there was nothing back home nothing from my baby nothing for us that's no way to live no medicine no food nothing. but things won't be easy in colombia either to get a work permit you need proper id almost half the venezuelans who come here don't have that. many are exploited as day laborers some just hang around the streets and beg for money and food even people with a job have a hard time finding a decent place to stay. many of those who make it here sleep in so-called. shared rooms packed with beds they have no rights and could be evicted at any time luis is a hairdresser and has a job but he barely makes enough just to pay for his bed. prison

prison. there are 3 bunk beds parolee that 6 people so you have absolutely no privacy and you can't leave any valuables there either. colombia is trying to cope with its own displaced people and many more from venezuela the united nations refugee agency u.n.h.c.r. is worried that the country cannot handle the strain something practiced in various parts of colombia venezuelans just sleep on the streets which makes them vulnerable to attack i was there all kinds of people lots of women with children pregnant women older women and people who need special care and. that's why they u.n.h.c.r. and other agencies are trying to at least offer some initial help displaced.

we want to give them a chance to build a life here in colombia because as long as they can't return to venezuela we cannot put in. happiness when this man is one of the successful ones he's opened a venezuelan restaurant in bogota back home he worked in tourism but then things became unbearable. first i was planning to go back when the regime fell. but now i have my business here and my family. i have to think about it i'll probably wait a while. the restaurateur is a role model for some other friends as well as in colombia not just for his success but also because he provides them a taste of home. an amazing 85 percent of all refugees worldwide taken in by developing countries regions where

poverty and hunger keep problems. industrialized nations make up just one in 10 of all host countries and one of them japan is notoriously tough when it comes to asylum. the detainees are treated. better than inside. tokyo capital of one of the most marginal societies in the world foreigners make up only 2 percent of japan's population it's also one of the country's most closed to outsiders more than $10000.00 people applied for asylum here in 2018 but only 42 were granted refugee status because it. was organization says it takes care of $6.00 to $700.00 asylum seekers every year helping them fill out applications and

survive the long wait. how many did it is a silent process is very strict and we see the applicants here and we think that more should be accepted. n.g.o.s provides applicants with food accommodation and clothing during their wait which averages almost one and a half years but as capacities are at the limit. and since last year the government has made the conditions stricter for work during the waiting period. also very few people can get work and only a few government support. the japanese government says many applicants come for economic reasons only but documents from the department of justice showed that in recent years only one 3rd of all applicants were clear economic migrants of all the industrialized countries japan has the most rigorous interpretation of the un

refugee convention applicants must be able to prove they're threatened in writing and in japanese during the waiting period many are at risk of becoming homeless or if then this will application is denied they may end up in detention pending deportation. one of the biggest detention centers is 2 hours outside of tokyo. oh she says the building back that that's where i was held. to marry young applied for asylum in 2010 decades after being involved in anti-government protests in south korea she had reason to fear repercussions after overstaying his visa he spent more than 2 and a half years in the center now he's out on probation. not much gets out about the conditions in. after 6 months most people's faces turn on expressionless.

the inmates have been on hunger strike several times in recent years they criticize the crowded accommodations insufficient many call care and the uncertainty about their status some are confined for more than 5 years although detention is only meant to be temporary. one former detainee is this refugee from sri lanka he doesn't want to give his name for fear of being recognised in his homeland in sri lanka he got caught between the fronts of the civil war he fought for over 12 years to gain refugee status. 100. 60 no. so. finished. so you don't have my children with me. i don't.

know there is no future. this mountain of papers is only part of his long running legal battle on a stopover to canada he was detained at the airport in japan for missing documents it was only in january this year that he was finally recognized as a refugee. he was helped by people like total so originally from myanmar he's one of the few refugees who have become successful in japan 17 years ago he opened a burmese restaurant in tokyo. to those guys here in the. deportation is very difficult. so they do everything they can to make life in japan hard. and the home people who sought refuge here will leave the country voluntarily with me. one of them one japanese don't want these problems around them. they want to keep them far far

away. from us. but at the height of the e.u.'s migration crisis in 2015 many refugees who arrived in germany from regions in turmoil like syria received a warm welcome to 8000000 germans volunteered to give language classes assistance and advice all of which helped many young arrivals settle in. a fellow syrian has opened a supermarket in hanover. that's worth a story for the photo journalist. now on a 100 circus a telethon that he's documenting help. people who had to flee syria try to make

a life for themselves in germany. this is okra it's quite hard to find here this is from syria. tastes really good with tomatoes and pepper. and many germans don't engage with the migrants or refugees in their midst now jam would like to awaken an interest in syrian culture including the food and. try to show that it's not something bad. on the contrary could be good for you to that point and maybe you'll find a tasty try it. i'm open minded i've eaten german schnitzel and stuffed cabbage i've tried it all. when he was 18 and studying political science and journalism in levanon he was detained crossing into syria and taken to a secret service jail where he was tortured then he was given

a choice join the army or have your family by your freedom which they did after that he knew he had to leave. the farmland. of syria was the place where i lived and grew up but it felt alien it wasn't the right place for me i just couldn't stay there at. least. in 2014 he reached germany overland through the balkans he experienced so much along the way but didn't yet have the means to record what he saw once here he learned german to prepare a free classes and is now studying photojournalism in hanover. he's involved with a media collective there called cameo. once a week the team meets to discuss projects. they publish a physical and online magazine on their website up gratian features

a range of photo series and articles so it's not hard enough hopes he can soon show his latest works that. week a lot of the stories on the website are about the concept of identity and the many ways of thinking about it also with respect to gender and migration texts are in german english and arabic. contributors from all backgrounds are welcome. gratian that doesn't mean that for us up gratian means upgrading through migration what we believe is that one plus one equals 3. as then when people with different points of view and backgrounds come together that's when new surprising and interesting things emerge. for leisure laugh cameo offers a forum for exploring the issues close to his heart free of the constraints of

a more conventional publication. the latest issue of cameos magazine is devoted to the femur of uncommon arriving laugh contributed a piece with photos of young refugees who talk about their lives and hopes. it's been this one says i'm 7 years old when i come from syria i'd like to get to know some german children and play with them. says he feels good in germany but it's his profession that gives his life focus and meaning. the fact i think on this i was and what this arriving is not necessarily about reaching a certain spot to live on that can also be about finding a place for yourself it's not always about having a new home or a new language it can be just a feeling finding your place in pursuing a sport for example or a real place the feeling of having arrived can be very gratifying and soothing for the soul for the for the new zealand. hopes he will be allowed to stay in germany

where he sees a future for himself. that's all from us that global 3000 we're back next week is a quick reminder to send us your feedback right seed global street 1000 d.w. dot com and you can find us on facebook to. see you next time.

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this is deja vu news live from berlin turkey pushes on with its offensive against kurdish fighters in northern syria. but as towns fall to turkish troops a new alliance is forming to oppose them kurdish forces say there are a lot of themselves with the syrian government as the u.s. pulls its soldiers from the conflict so also coming up. an exit poll shows that poland's ruling concern.