my choice is this card because given the way told transmitted to the troops. men in the national much and i want. to talk. more. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t.w. . coming up. the stuff of life is it possible to create space out officially. signed off the internet of things we show how easy it is to have a robotic vacuum cleaner. and what happens in our brains when we try to multitask and how can we avoid mental overload.

when many jackie late they can release from 15000000 to over 200000000 sperm per milliliter. but only a fraction of those reached the woman's fallopian tube and usually only one sperm actually manages to get a chosen egg it's a difficult journey. and probably deep kumar from new zealand have a question for us about stuff. is it possible to create sperm artificial with. the reproductive cells are complicated for one purpose in life is to fertilize an egg cell and father a child but sometimes they fall short of expectations. men in the western world have a sperm count. just half that of 40 years ago if that trend were to continue by

2050 they'd be sterile. a range of culprits are being blamed for moans and water supplies to chemicals in plastic all can disrupt the body's hormones but is help at hand from the lab. researchers in china the u.s. and britain have created artificial sperm in mice at least. the technique involves converting embryonic stem cells into immature sperm cells. the mice produced using lab grown sperm were later able to produce offspring of their own. but they had a shorter lifespan and ordinary mice were also more prone to disease. and the root of the problem is and how sperm are created during the cell division process called meiosis chromosomes are duplicated and recombined. when this process

is reproduced in the lab it's more prone to errors. the lab grown sperm also have no motility they can't move so they're only suitable for in vitro fertilization. the technique can't be used to create artificial humans for yet and ethical guidelines would likely ban its use. but scientists hope this research will provide new insights into infertility and new approaches to treatment . a team of researchers led by heidi sheffield at have it is currently developing an app that will allow men to test their fertility levels at home. he says the digital device can assess semen quality by measuring total spend count and maternity or the number of non-viable all images spend cell.

well this technology is pretty impressive but it also has weak points and not just online platforms are vulnerable to hackers attacks in 2016 people were able to use public transit in san francisco for a day for free after the ticketing machines were hacked. particularly worrying cyber attacks on hospitals. in general reportedly some 2 out of 3 have been hacked in some way. show biz has also been targeted in 2014 sony pictures were subject to a massive attack stuff were forced to resort to pen and paper. and smart appliances are now handing had his the keys to our homes by security loopholes that are frightening li easy to exploit. a robot vacuum cleaner moves around the apartment it's one of many smart home guards controlled by computer. know one of

the controls of set for the person who owns the vacuum cleaner. but on this occasion because of taking control. or dead and norm on our in the office in tel aviv they showed us how easy it is to hack into the device. we took for control that's made it. what makes it possible is that all small vacuum cleaners made by this manufacturer are accessible by the cloud. so even though oded on his team don't have one of their own they can register as new users and replace another used id code with their own. time. then they can access the vacuum cleaner which might be anywhere in the world. so we're actually active here. this applies to all gadgets that are part of the internet of things or i.o.t.

it can include everything from small baby phones to televisions heating systems and refrigerators. users can control the gadgets remotely using their smartphone that's because all these gadgets have an onboard computer that can receive commands. but if there are security loopholes criminals anywhere in the world can access these household devices and even gain access to personal computers at the same time. can start to do commons with it and then i can start to look which devices there is in my network and then start to move to does devices and move on so it's like it's related to the goals of cybercrime or for for the bad guys what they want to achieve but there is no limit. in 2016 there were 6400000000 i.o.t. appliances linked to the internet with more going online all the time. experts estimate that around half on not secure and those are the ones the hackers have set

their sights on. developing malware for these smart household appliances has become big business for hackers as the german authorities have also observed. in 2018 there were some 800000000 our programs in all with 390000 new ones emerging every day the best place to earn the most money is the weakest link in the chain as an io t. devices aren't a secure as they should be it's and. this hacker jar from the united states was convicted last year of programming malware to infiltrate household appliances. the malware link the appliance used to form a criminal network known as a bot net. like a remote controlled hostile army healthful devices were used to carry out a series of cyber attacks in 2016. 1 of them knocked out dr telecom routers

maybe more than a 1000000 customers in germany without a telephone or internet connection the 1st known attack on critical infrastructure in germany carried out by household appliances. but the european union's law enforcement agency europol the man in charge of fighting cyber crime told us that io t. devices are being used for crimes ranging from cyber extortion to the trade in child pornography. is a convict and we're seeing a convergence among the cyber attackers they may have political motives or financial motives or they may be terrorists but they all basically use the same tools to achieve their goals that like the act like it getting and. the only way to solve the problem is to close up the security loopholes in io to devices except only the manufacturers can do that everything that we we're walking directly with a vendor not if a very quietly to fix. but many manufacturers aren't interested. but

far beyond mr meyer has discovered repeatedly he too demonstrates how easy it is to exploit the security loopholes by hacking the camera of his colleague in another country even hits the cloud id we select the cloud id it's an idea that's easy to ascertain so that's done and then we can log into the camera then i just say ok and now i'm connected as it says and it's now i just click on monitor and open the camera that we've hacked. and as you can see we're now links directly with the office network. the people there don't notice a thing they have no way of telling what someone's watching them. every camera and every device of this money factor can be hacked in the same way out of devices. fabienne mackay ma says that this security loophole affects 9000000 cameras. and

the cameras connect to the internet on their own. they've been integrated into many devices including televisions. but the manufacturer appears disinclined to take action. so how can we stop sudden criminals from infiltrating out in full us. to prevent attacks from the outside on the smart home device as a user needs and she was an only digital methuselahs. allowed to access this device and there are 2 basic principles to commence this one is to have a special password so this means that any and user needs to change the default passwords on the other hand the 2nd approach is that only allow communications forms i would he device to specific points in the internet and to implement this is the user needs to configure a specific level would change the password is pretty easy for most of us but is

a bit more challenging is to implement so i had to have one of the words because for this sent us as a device needs to know to rich and point to device communicates and this is usually not publicly available some vendor us gives us information but most don't i think the vendor us and also companies should. do much more about this and present for example an easy to use. about. what do you think about smart homes an experience with one we asked you on facebook and i wrote i'm amazed how advanced technology has become but it also worries me to think we'd stop doing such everyday things and switching on and off lights. miguel has a more positive take he says that small technology could help us to use energy more

efficiently and optimize electricity production. marinello says i think that it just encourages laziness. it doesn't cost anything to get up and put off the lights. she has got a point thanks for your posts. the problem is read write. if you need. to you have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can just ask. interested in most stories from the world of science go to our website or find us on twitter or facebook. these speaking doors don't belong to

a smart home as such. simply unique in this well disney movie i list doesn't seem too impressed by the animated in animates. and fell in beauty and the beast isn't sure what to make of her singing tableware the owl get a big fish but what happens in our brain when too many things vying for our attention. in the past human brains were able to deal. with most stimuli pretty easily. but as time passed we were confronted with more and more challenges we were bombarded with more and more input. and nowadays in the digital age it feels as if we are permanently on call or on line and our brains never get any rest bite it's far from ideal. under normal circumstances we'd be exposed to

a stimulus and our brains would process it then we'd focus on the next one. but this kind of situation is becoming increasingly rare neuroscientists yana from the cove or is investigating how our brains cope when they're forced to continually switch between tasks. she's conducting experiments in which people have to solve a set of complicated exercises. they're asked to distinguish between monsters on the computer screen that entails keeping track of 9 different distinct characteristics and identifying them by clicking on the right keys. that is hard if they really have to concentrate. the experiment is intended to simulate situations we face at work and in our leisure time but we have to tackle a wide range of tasks in rapid succession. the

program the 1st tests how quickly the test subjects console simple tasks. then they're asked to focus on more and more features such as color form and pattern under increasing time pressure. this means that the attorney these are situations in which our brain has to make a clear distinction between various steps and decisions we do these things more or less automatically become our brain it's hard work. from the cove also carries out m.r.i. scans on her test subjects she wants to see exactly which regions of the brain are being activated the frontal lobes are responsible for handling complex tasks. that's the part of the brain that's located behind our forehead this allocates how many resources are devoted to each particular task it is it when we're dealing with

several tasks at once this part of the brain has to work hard to ensure that the various tasks i don't get muddled up thus i shouldn't. come here the test subjects are being asked to keep track of various faces and places and how they are linked in quick succession of course the more complex the tasks the slower the response this process can be observed in the frontal lobe. when the mess lower responses correlate with increased brain activity when the task is very difficult when the test subjects respond more slowly or make mistakes and then we see more activity in this part of the brain. when the brain processes the same information over and over it becomes familiar with it and responds quickly but when it's bombarded with a lot of different information in quick succession the brain needs more time to

process the various elements the faster the tasks change the more mistakes we make . different tasks also compete with one another distracting us and lowering attention. can't get a phone we've all experienced something like this and it often feels quite unpleasant house from our experiments here we found that we indeed do make more mistakes in such situations and our response time is slower to fight it. when you're in the middle of one task and get distracted by a new one you 1st have to shelve the old task that gives your brain time to identify what the new one entails and attend to it that's hard work. so how did children and teenagers respond to this challenge they were born into

a world where multitasking has become the norm and they tend to be more open to new things do they solve the tasks more quickly than the adults. we know that children solve the tasks more slowly than adults do and they make more mistakes or. the frontal lobes take charge when we switch rapidly between tasks on the left as an adult brain on the right a child's. frontal lobes are not fully developed until we're at least 20 so children can switch gears as quickly as adults. but it will take at least 10 years before researches know exactly how multitasking affects brain development when the children growing up with smartphones and tablets are fully mature. staying on top of things in the digital era certainly isn't easy.

over the last 10 years access to the internet has risen 30 percent worldwide. millions of people own smartphones and spend an awful lot of time online time spent an average of 313 minutes over 5 hours a day using mobile internet access followed by the philippines and brazil. the global digital population is growing and nearly 4000000000 exclusively mobile internet. for many life is a relentless digital turning an endless onslaught of emails task lists information text messages and work and increasingly at home as well. day in day out. his club it's important to

understand that we've been engulfed by a technology so quickly that we've had no chance to learn how to deal with it properly and the fleet and we have to constantly keep reminding ourselves of what our brains need to function well. as a psychiatry and psychotherapist foca bush knows how digitalisation is overwhelming people but he says solutions are available for everyone. one strategy one thing at a time. often have to deal with the constant barash of demands especially at work. puts us in a state of ongoing stress which is ultimately counterproductive. and if we want to perform well in what we're doing we have to discipline ourselves

a little. to discipline your stick to one task at a time and nurse ourselves in it even if this doesn't seem rewarding immediately alone it is but it does pay off in the long run with fewer mistakes and greater efficiency. and if it and. 30 even if we do manage to focus on one thing at a time 1st still a risk will continue to feel stressed out. the workload and digital networking we often forget one simple thing. take a break. for fewer than 25 percent of people in germany take regular breaks at work with that i so the majority do without a break at least once in a while because they think they've got so much to do. but regular breaks are essential. you need to schedule them and then. i hate them ideally 10 to 15 minutes every 2 hours 15 percent. that's because switching off is believed to activate

a neural network called the default mode network. it's a brain network that kicks in when we're not engaged in a specific mental task but that doesn't mean our brain is resting it's collating and storing the information and data it was processing and forming new connections and insights. into the real of the brain these aren't just the moments when inspiration strikes it's also healing. you should give your brain short breaks in the daily routine process what you've seen and learned the hour by the good news is that your brain does this almost automatically you just have to be willing to stop the constant flow of stimuli to flow to whole midnight and hides. time offline is extremely helpful. especially after work it's good to decompress from the demands of the day for

example by setting up times when you go offline to take a break from the constant flow of information. many people find that surprisingly difficult. every time we interact with our smartphone it sets off a biochemical process involving the release of dopamine at all for thoughts a hormone that's part of the brain's reward system. we develop habitual behaviors that many people find hard to change even after work for loss and can buy one out of 20 people today have developed a dependency a kind of addiction. going offline can help change these have bits you will behave years it also cars out time for leisure activities like going on a bike ride or jogging. exercise helps reduce levels of the body's stress hormones including courters old which helps us relax. only works when

you're talking about a moderate intensity enduring fix or science to high intensity competitive support does create mental strain which isn't as restorative for the brain. going offline also gives us a chance to foster our social connections socializing online can actually lead to greater feelings of stress and inadequacy since we often tend to measure ourselves against the idealized image but those projective themselves. with this noida death we now know that there's no substitute for genuine social connections virtual relationships can't replace them in the crowd. and a good night's sleep is also priceless. sleep is especially important when our brains have to cope with a heavy workload. but that's a lesson we seem to be forgetting. some studies show that the average sleep

duration in the industrialized world has been falling for years it's fallen by 30 minutes a night over the last 2 decades. that's not a good development when we sleep our brain is tidying up its stores the important experiences and information we encounter during the day until it's useless information like a cerebral spring clean. and in have to school within our brain our frontal lobe needs a lot of this clearing out it's the region that handles the highest order mental activities guys the lies to the wall that includes willpower self-discipline the ability to plan tasks on carry them out as well as impulse control and all of that will improve ideas or dinger. enough sleep is essential. it's what gives us the energy to begin a new day ready to concentrate and to tackle the digital challenges of modern life

. how to recycle old concrete not like this but a new process may help to break down the building material to yield its individual components for reuse find out more on the next edition of tomorrow today and see then by. the family.

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in the scene crying you think i took a sort of a moment out is. what i'm focused on in this you know what i'm like what and what can i say right now but it's a term. this you know i mean in your mind not a single when you are getting in when you cry i don't want. me number and unanimous. the show could go it's as if a.d.'s had said. i should. have only said but i caught a kilometer to a fundie. can see it because as if to say i said.

this is the doubly news live from berlin the turkey advances further into northern syria and his deployment against the kurds but kurdish leaders do a deal with syria's government to cooperate in halting the kurds official offensive of the kurds former ally the united states withdraws from the comfort zone bring you the latest from the border area also on the present. time because alliance protests the long prison sentences handed down to the leaders of the failed referendum for independence from so.