this story has. an exclusive report on what destroyed city. in the us starts october 24th on t.w. . welcome to global 3000. more hunger and natural disasters they've always been the 3 main reasons for human migration but technological progress and new forms of transportation have made displacement a far bigger global issue. in the mid 19th century millions of irish and germans boarded steamships to the us to escape

starvation in their home countries. in the 20th century the 2nd world war forced 60000000 people in europe alone from their homes. and since 2011 millions of people have fled the ongoing conflict in syria. sometimes like in africa today all the causes of flight come together at the same time take mali for example since 2012 violence has overshadowed the west african country islamists regularly attack mali and government forces and un peacekeeping troops over the past few years 250000 money and so fled to neighboring countries now some of them are returning home in the meantime. the carman timbuktu is deceptive. and it's mainly down to the massive presence of u.n.

peacekeepers rebels and the hottest still operating in northern mali at the edge of the sahara desert terror and violence have left their mark on the city. there are too few hospitals a many children are no longer attending school. mariam fatuma touré ambassadors for unicef the united nations children's fund. that's 15 years old and is still in school. and tim buck whose old town they regularly visit families to persuade them to send their kids back to school. and we go from door to door to make parents aware of how important education is so we've already persuaded a few to send their children to school. but there are parents who say that education is not important for children. and then some of them say it's more important to go to qur'anic school. not only parents objections

like these are keeping children out of school fear is also a factor more than $800.00 schools that shut down after the political crisis in 2012 remain closed more than 80 in and around timbuktu alone the city my school is open and hopelessly overcrowded mariam meant mohammed ali is 12 years old and one of around a 1000 students here most of them are children from the neighborhood some have fled the violence but have since returned like mariam yes. and they make my family left timbuktu in 2012. we lived in a refugee camp and more autonomy and. life was very hard there we didn't have a proper house just a hut. it was very windy and very hot in the camp it was hard.

there up to $100.00 children in each class. mariam's teacher up to lay back i says the returning refugees need extra special attention. c only to get us through and this is all we have to work with someone to levels on the one level we have to support them psychologically because so many of them are traumatised on the other we have to give them extra tutoring so they can catch up with the others. many of the refugee children have missed an awful lot of school so even if you think that there's not just a shortage of schools in timbuktu but also with teaching staff teachers have to contend with threats from the islamists who want to stop non-religious education. few children herrick getting the chance to finish their schooling. this year i'm really happy there's a proper school here with desks teachers and cork's. i'm so glad i have the chance

to learn here and there to last. and move to the panther. and 8000 kilometer long belt of trees stretching along the edge of the sahara from mali through to ethiopia that's the goal of the great green wall project the idea is that the plants will prevent further desert if acacia makes soils more fertile and reduce conflict and it's urgently needed bamako in mali for instance has a booming population and deforestation in the region continues. charcoal is big business in bamako the capital of mali. almost everybody needs charcoal to cook with and the population is growing. my mom is a charcoal much and. she's doing well but her very success is becoming

a source of concern. that there are fewer and fewer trees. to do that scary if you go out of town you'll see what i mean. an australian agronomist with the ngo world vision tony rinaldo has developed a method of countering deforestation that affects large parts of africa his work want him the right livelihood. also known as the alternative nobel prize as land is cleared of the vegetation the land gradually degrades and becomes less and less productive less and less can be grown at less profit can be made from it and people become more desperate so there is a very strong link between hunt flicked and landed predation and also between what migration and then degrade. my mourner trial rate tells rinaldo that she now has to get her charcoal from 160 kilometers away because sources closer to bamako have

dried up it's a similar situation in and around many of africa's big cities the disappearance of forests and degradation of the land is a huge problem. how do we tackle that fortunately through famine managed natural regeneration through the regeneration of trees and landscapes is a very low cost rapid and scalable method to reverse that degradation in the 1980 s. we're now discovered that in many places there are intact underground networks of routes struggling to grow and uprooting shoots can help trees and bushes flourish well vision is now promoting the f.m. in our technique in 24 countries around the world. in northern uganda some one time was among the 1st farmers to adopted a decade ago to funny. it is changed so much in my village.

if you are used to have to drive our cattle long distances to graze. the thieves could steal them. but now they can graze nearby. for. but there's still a lot to do the villages are regularly go out and work on reviving areas of degraded land applying when otto's technique and trim new shoots growing out of old stumps farmer manage natural regeneration isn't complicated it involves targeted pruning and protecting of new growth still it's very effective these saplings will hopefully grow into tall trees. we cut some shoots but leave the bigger ones just one or 2. what we cut away we use as firewood. the key advantage over planting new trees is that the roots are already there and

reach deep into the soil so even if it rarely rains they can tap into the ground water trees can also raise the water table release moisture into the air and fertilize the soil when the leaves fall and decompose as conditions improved samuel bunton was able to increase his herd. it has helped a lot. used to be much harder but now things are different we have a proper income we can look after our families pay for health insurance and school fees and everybody has enough to eat. in the 82 hectares of land have so far been reforested but large stretches still look like a desert. degraded dryland regions may have countless intact tree root systems that could yet heeled new trees if they're properly tended . rinaldo organizes conferences across africa on f.m.

and are also in countries that are in turmoil such as mali he was recently in bamako. grenada has devoted his life to restoring africa's forests. he says regenerating local vegetation improves the lives of millions and giving people hope can help transform the political landscape as well in many a country. transform the whole country. because it has that potential people to be able to be self-sufficient and they're not going to be so interested in joining a fight somewhere else families. large cities such as burma co consumer vast amounts of natural resources even as they become ever more scarce the restoration of vegetation around cities and elsewhere can improve people's quality of life and perhaps reduce the potential for violence and

conflict. of the world 68800000 displaced persons by far the majority around 14000000 people are internally displaced in colombia years of paramilitary violence has led to 7700000 people that are suffering that fate most have nothing to return to their homes and livelihoods several gone. and more recently they've been joined by one and a half 1000000 refugees from crisis stricken venice right now. is growing fast some 10000000 people live here but it's the poor districts on the outskirts that are increasing most rapidly. many people displaced from their homes elsewhere in colombia have settled in so watch the neighborhood is known to be dangerous but it's close to the city center and rents are cheap. doesn't want to be

recognized a month ago he fled from gang warfare in the town of. it was so we left so as not to get caught up in the fighting we hadn't left it would have cost us our lives. the power vacuum left by the far is now being filled by other groups anyone who doesn't pay protection money gets murdered. carlos saw 28 people die before he decided to flee to the capital. i feel good here. i've had a lot of support from the red cross and from the victim support. i'm ok. helping me find a job in a company that's my plan to find work and spend the rest of my life in. the hope of a job and a home has also driven thousands of venezuelans to colombia venezuela close the

official border crossings in february but families continue to come across elsewhere on foot. there was nothing back home nothing from my baby nothing for us that's no way to live no medicine no food nothing. but things won't be easy in colombia either to get a work permit you need proper id almost half the venezuelans who come here don't have that. many are exploited as day laborers some just hang around the streets and beg for money and food even people with a job have a hard time finding a decent place to stay. many of those who make it here sleep in so-called ghost shared rooms packed with beds they have no rights there and could be evicted at any time luis is a hairdresser and has a job but he barely makes enough just to pay for his bed. it's like

a prison prison. there are 3 bunk beds perronet that 6 people so you have absolutely no privacy and you can't leave any valuables there i've. colombia's trying to cope with it's own displaced people and many more from venezuela the united nations refugee agency u.n.h.c.r. is worried that the country cannot handle the strain samples being name but is practiced in various parts of colombia venezuelans just sleep on the streets which makes them vulnerable to attack i know. there are all kinds of people lots of women with children pregnant women older women and people who need special care and. that's why the u.n.h.c.r. and other agencies are trying to at least offer some initial help. put them in we want to give them a chance to build a life here in colombia because as long as they can't return to venezuela we cannot

put his hand up in this for. this man is one of the successful ones he's opened a venezuelan restaurant in bogota back home he worked in tourism but then things became unbearable. but 1st i was planning to go back when the regime fell. but now i have my business here and my family. i have to think about it i'll probably wait a while. the restaurateur is a role model for some other friends as well as in colombia not just for his success but also because he provides them a taste of home. an amazing 85 percent of all refugees worldwide a taken in by developing countries regions where poverty and hunger ready key problems. industrialized nations make up just one in 10 of all host

countries and one of them japan is notoriously tough when it comes to asylum. or. the detainees are treated. perhaps better than insects but i only just. took you capital of one of the most marginal societies in the world foreigners make up only 2 percent of japan's population it's also one of the countries most closed to outsiders more than $10000.00 people applied for asylum here in 2018 but only 42 were granted refugee status because it. was organization says it takes care of $6.00 to $700.00 asylum seekers every year helping them fill out applications and survive the long wait. i mean it is

a silent process is very strict and we see applicants here and we think that more should be accepted. n.g.o.s provides applicants with food accommodation and clothing during their wait which averages almost one and a half years but it's capacities are at the limit. and since last year the government has made the conditions stricter for work during the waiting period should also to them also very few people can get work and only if you get government support. the japanese government says many applicants come for economic reasons only but documents from the department of justice showed that in recent years only one 3rd of all applicants were clear economic migrants of all the industrialized countries japan has the most rigorous interpretation of the un refugee convention applicants must be able to prove they're threatened in writing

and in japanese during the waiting period many are at risk of becoming homeless or if the initial application is denied they may end up in detention pending deportation. one of the biggest detention centers is 2 hours outside of tokyo. oh she says the building back that. that's where i was held. to marry young applied for asylum in 2010 decades after being involved in anti-government protests in south korea she had reason to fear repercussions after overstaying his visa he spent more than 2 and a half years in the center now he's out on probation. not much gets out about the conditions in that. after 6 months most people's faces turn on expressionless.

the inmates have been on hunger strike several times in recent years they criticize the crowded accommodations insufficient many call care and the uncertainty about their status some are confined for more than 5 years or their detention is only meant to be temporary. one former detainee is this refugee from sri lanka he doesn't want to give his name for fear of being recognised in his homeland in sri lanka he got caught between the fronts of the civil war he fought for over 12 years to gain refugee status. 100. 60 know so. so. so i don't have my children with me. i don't.

know there is no future. this mountain of papers is only part of his long running legal battle on a stopover to canada he was detained at the airport in japan for missing documents it was only in january this year that he was finally recognized as a refugee. he was helped by people like. originally from myanmar he's one of the few refugees who have become successful in japan 17 years ago he opened a burmese restaurant in tokyo. closing so to those guys seeing that the. deportation is very difficult. so they do everything they can to make life in japan hard. and the hope people who sought refuge here will leave the country voluntarily we haunt me. in the morning the japanese don't want these problems around them. they want to keep them far far away

. from us. at the height of the e.u.'s migration crisis in 2015 many refugees who arrived in germany from regions in turmoil like syria received a warm welcome to up to 8000000 germans volunteered to give language classes assistance and advice all of which helped many young arrivals settle in. a fellow syrian has opened a supermarket in hanover. that's worth a story for the photo journalist laugh. now left behind so there is a telethon that he's documenting help. people who have to flee syria try to make a life for themselves in germany.

this is okra it's quite hard to find here this is from syria. and tastes really good with tomatoes and pepper. many germans don't engage with the migrants or refugees in their midst and the jam would like to awaken an interest in syrian culture including the food. i try to show that it's not something bad. on the contrary could be good for you too. maybe you'll find a tasty try it. i'm open minded i've eaten german schnitzel and stuffed cabbage i tried it all. when he was 18 and studying political science and journalism in levanon he was detained crossing into syria and taken to a secret service jail where he was tortured then he was given a choice join the army or have your family buy your freedom which they did after

that he knew he had to leave. the farmland. for syria was the place where i lived and grew up but it felt. it wasn't the right place for me i just couldn't stay there. in 2014 he reached germany overland through the balkans he experienced so much along the way but didn't yet have the means to record what he saw once here he learned german to prepare a 3 classes and is now studying photojournalism in hanover. he's involved with a media collective there called cameo. once a week the team meets to discuss projects. they publish a physical and online magazine on their well. gratian. has a range of photo series and articles so this is not a laugh hopes he can soon show his latest works there. are.

lots of the stories on the website are about the concept of identity and the many ways of thinking about it also with respect to gender and migration texts are in german english and arabic. contributors from all backgrounds are welcome. gratian means upgrading through migration and what we believe is that one plus one equals 3. when people with different points of view and backgrounds come together that's when new surprising and interesting things emerge. for a laugh cameo offers a forum for exploring the issues close to his heart free of the constraints of a more conventional publication. the latest issue of cameos magazine is devoted to

the femur of uncommon arriving. contributed a piece with photos of young refugees who talk about their lives and hopes. this one says i'm 7 years old and i come from syria i'd like to get to know some german children and play with them. laugh says he feels good in germany but it's his profession that gives his life focus and meaning. and what arriving is not necessarily about reaching a certain spot to live and it can also be about finding a place for yourself it's not always about having a new home or a new language can be just a feeling finding your place in pursuing a sport for example or a real place the feeling of having arrived can be very gratifying. and soothing for the soul for the for the new zealand najem on holiday hopes he will be allowed to

stay in germany where he sees a future for himself. that's all from us a global 3000 we're back next week until is a quick reminder to send us your feedback write to global street 1000 d.w. dot com and you can find us on facebook to. see you next time.

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is d w news live from president trump does a u. turn after giving turkish forces the all clear to enter northern syria he's now threatening sanctions against his nato ally the dramatic reversal comes as turkish forces advance deeper into syria trump has slammed turkey's actions as a dangerous threatening peace security and stability in the region also coming up angry catalans protests up to spain's supreme court finds the politicians who.