the foundation of those countries. have these values to go up to most want to. use it to live by and defend the principles of media justice and freedom and i work every day mark. our journey with more serious stories are told with 21st g.w. . welcome to tomorrow today the science show on g.w. . coming up. the stuff of life is it possible to create spell out officially. the dark side of the internet of things we show how easy it is to have a robotic vacuum cleaner. and what happens in our brains when we try to

multitask and how can we avoid mental overload. when many jackanapes they can release from $15000000.00 to over $200000000.00 sperm per milliliter. but only a fraction of those reached the woman's fallopian tube and usually only one sperm actually manages to get a chance an egg it's a difficult journey please. present it kumar from new zealand have a question for us about. is it possible to create sperm artificially. the reproductive cells are complicated for one purpose in life is to fertilize an egg cell and father a child but sometimes they fall short of expectations.

in the western world have a sperm count just half that of 40 years ago if that trend were to continue by 2050 they'd be sterile. a range of culprits are being blamed for moans and water supplies to chemicals in plastic all can disrupt the body's hormones but is help at hand from the lab. researchers in china the u.s. and britain have created artificial sperm in mice at least. the technique involves converting embryonic stem cells into immature sperm cells. the mice produced using lab grown sperm were later able to produce offspring of their own. but they had a shorter life span than ordinary mice were also more prone to disease. the root of the problem is and how sperm are created during the cell division

process called meiosis chromosomes are duplicated and recombined. in this process is reproduced in the lab that's more prone to errors. the lab grown sperm also have no motility they can't move so they're only suitable for in vitro fertilization. the technique can't be used to create artificial humans for yet and ethical guidelines would likely ban its use. but scientists hope this research will provide new insights into infertility and new approaches to treatment . a team of researchers led by hardy shafi at have it is currently developing an app that will allow men to test their fertility levels at home. a digital device can assess semen quality by measuring tattle spend count and matelot or. a number of non-viable all images sperm cells.

all this technology is pretty impressive but it also has weak points and not just online platforms are vulnerable to have to tax and 2016 people were able to use public transit in san francisco for a day for free after the ticketing machines were hacked. the ticket only worrying us cyber attacks on hospitals. in germany reportedly some 2 out of 3 have been hacked in some way. showbiz has also been targeted in 2014 sony pictures were subject to a massive attack staff were forced to resort to pen and paper. and smart appliances are now handing happens the keys to our homes by security loopholes that are frighteningly easy to exploit. a robot vacuum cleaner moves around the

apartment it's one of many smart home gadgets controlled by computer. no one of the controls of search for the person who owns the vacuum cleaner. but on this occasion because of taking control. or dead and norm on or in the office in tel aviv they showed us how easy it is to hack into the device. we took for control that's made it. what makes it possible is that all small vacuum cleaners made by this manufacturer are accessible by the cloud. so even though oded on his team don't have one of their own they can register as new users and replace another users id code with their own. time. then they can access the vacuum cleaner which might be anywhere in the world. so we're actually active here.

this applies to all gadgets that are part of the internet of things or i.o.t. it can include everything from small baby phones to televisions heating systems and refrigerators. users can control the gadgets remotely using their smartphone that's because all these gadgets have been on board computer that can receive commands. but if there are security loopholes criminals anywhere in the world can access these household devices and even gain access to personal computers at the same time . can start to do commerce with it and then i can start look which devices there is in line and then start to move to does devices and move on so it's like it's related to the goals of the. us or for for the bad guys or what they want to achieve but there is no limit. in 2016 there were 6400000000 i.o.t. appliances linked to the internet with more going online all the time. experts

estimate that around half on not secure and those are the ones the hackers have set their sights on. developing malware for these smart household appliances has become big business for hackers as the german authorities have also observed. in 2018 there were some 800000000 our programs in all with 390000 new ones emerging every day the best place to earn the most money is the weakest link in the chain and io t. devices aren't a secure as they should be and. this hacker jar from the united states was convicted last year of programming malware to infiltrate household appliances. the malware link the appliance used to form a criminal network known as a bot net. like a remote controlled hostile army healthful devices were used to carry out a series of cyber attacks in 2016. 1 of them knocked out dr telecom routers

leaving more than a 1000000 customers in germany without a telephone or internet connection the 1st known attack on critical infrastructure in germany carried out by household appliances. but the european union's law enforcement agency europol the man in charge of fighting cyber crime told us that io t. devices are being used for crimes ranging from cyber extortion to the trade in child pornography. vasa be a scene is a convict and we're seeing a convergence among the cyber attackers they may have political motives or financial motives or they may be terrorists but they all basically use the same tools to achieve their goals that like in the arctic a picking and. the only way to solve the problem is to close up the security loopholes in io to devices except only the manufacturers can do that everything that we we're walking directly with it when they're not if in

a very quietly begin to fix. but many manufacturers aren't interested to security expert fabia mr meyer has discovered repeatedly he too demonstrates how easy it is to exploit the security loopholes by hacking the camera of his colleague in another country leaving his clout id select the cloud id it's an id that's easy to ascertain so that's done and then we can log into the camera then i just say ok now i'm connected as it says and it's now i just click on monitor and open the camera that we've hacked. and as you can see we're now linked directly with the office network. the people there don't notice a thing they have no way of telling what someone's watching them. every camera and every device of this money factor can be hacked in the same way. twice. fabienne me to my says that this security loophole affects 9000000 cameras. and the cameras

connect to the internet on their own. they've been integrated into many devices including televisions. but the manufacturer appears disinclined to take action. so how can we stop side the criminals from infiltrating out in full force. to prevent ethics from the outside on the smarthome device as a user needs when she was an only digital methuselahs. allowed to access this device and there are 2 basic principles to commence this one is to have a special password so this means that any user needs to change the default passwords on the other hand the 2nd approach is that only allow communication forms i would he devised 2 specific points in the internet and to implement this is the user needs to configure a specific file of a which changes

a password is pretty easy for most of us but isn't a bit more challenging is to implement so i had to have one of the words because for this so end users a device needs to know to rich as and point to device communicates and this is usually not publicly available some vendor us here's this information but most don't i think the vendor us and also companies should. do much more about this and present for example an easy to use. security is that of. a friendly and. what do you think about smart homes an experience with one we asked you on facebook and i wrote i'm amazed how advanced technology has become but it also worries me to think we'd stop doing such everyday things as switching on and off lights. miguel

has a more positive take he says that small technology could help us to use energy more efficiently and optimize electricity production. mary says i think that it just encourages laziness. it doesn't cost anything to get up and put off the lights. she has got a point thanks for your posts. the problem is read right but even if you. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. interested in most stories from the world of science go to our website or find us on twitter or facebook.

these speaking doors don't belong to a smart home as such simply as you need in this world disney movie i list doesn't seem too impressed by the animated in animates. oh i fell in beauty and the beast isn't sure what to make of her singing tableware be i'll get a big change but what happens in our brain when too many things vying for our attention. in the past human brains were able to deal. with most stimuli pretty easily. but as time passed we were confronted with more and more challenges we were bombarded with more and more input. and nowadays in the digital age it feels as if we are permanently on call or on line and our brains never get any rest bite it's far from ideal.

that under normal circumstances we'd be exposed to a stimulus our brains were process that then we focus on the next one. but this kind of situation is becoming increasingly rare neuroscientists yana from the cove or is investigating how our brains cope when they're forced to continually switch between tasks. conducting experiments in which people have to solve a set of complicated exercises. they're asked to distinguish between monsters on a computer screen that entails keeping track of 9 different distinct characteristics and identifying them by clicking on the right keys. shantha actually it's hard if they really have to concentrate. the experiment is intended to simulate situations we face at work and in our leisure time but we have to tackle

a wide range of tasks in rapid succession. the program the 1st tests how quickly the test subjects consult simple tasks. then they're asked to focus on more and more features such as color form and pattern under increasing time pressure. this means that the attorney these are situations in which our brain has to make a clear distinction between various steps and decisions we do these things more or less automatically but for our brain it's hard work. yana from the cove also carries out m.r.i. scans on her test subjects she wants to see exactly which regions of the brain are being activated. the frontal lobes are responsible for handling complex tasks. that's the part of the brain that's located behind our forehead practice allocates how many resources are devoted to each particular task it ends it when we're

dealing with several tasks that once this part of the brain has to work hard to ensure that the various tasks i don't get muddled up thus if i shouldn't. be here the test subjects are being asked to keep track of various faces and places and how they are linked in quick succession of course the more complex the tasks the slower the response this process can be observed in the frontal lobe. when the mets lower responses correlate with increased brain activity when the task is very difficult when the test subjects respond more slowly or make mistakes and then we see more activity in this part of the brain. when the brain processes the same information over and over it becomes familiar with it and responds quickly but when it's bombarded with a lot of different information in quick succession the brain needs more time to

process the various elements the 1st of the tasks change the more mistakes we make . different tasks also compete with one another distracting us and lowering attention. just now he can't get a phone and we've all experienced something like this that it often feels quite unpleasant house from our experiments here we found that we indeed do make more mistakes in such situations and our response time is slower. when you're in the middle of one task and get distracted by a new one you 1st have to shell the old tosca that gives your brain time to identify what the new one entails and attend to it that's hard work. so how did children and teenagers respond to this challenge they were born into

a world where multitasking has become the norm and they tend to be more open to new things do they solve the tasks more quickly than the adults. that this. study thing including our own we know that children solve the tasks more slowly than adults do and they make more mistakes. the frontal lobes take charge when we switch rapidly between tasks on the left as an adult brain on the right a child's. frontal lobes are not fully developed until we're at least 20 so children can switch gears as quickly as adults but it will take at least 10 years before researches know exactly how multitasking affects brain development when the children growing up with smartphones and tablets are fully mature.

staying on top of things in the digital era certainly isn't easy. over the last 10 years access to the internet has risen 30 percent worldwide. millions of people own smartphones and spend an awful lot of time online time spent an average of 313 minutes over 5 hours a day using mobile internet access followed by the philippines and brazil. the global digital population is growing and nearly 4000000000 exclusively mobile internet. for many life is a relentless digital tyranny an endless onslaught of emails task lists information and text messages at work and increasingly at home as well. day in day out. his club it's important to

understand that we've been in govt biotechnology so quickly that we've had no chance to learn how to deal with it properly and with the fleet and we have to constantly keep reminding ourselves of what our brains need to function well. as a psychiatry and psychotherapist foca bush knows how digitalisation is overwhelming people but he says solutions are available for everyone. one strategy one thing at a time. often have to deal with the constant barash of demands especially at work. puts us in a state of ongoing stress which is both a madly counterproductive. and if we want to perform well in what we're doing we have to discipline ourselves

a little the to crowd to discipline your stick to one task at a time and nurse ourselves in it even if this doesn't seem rewarding immediately you know when it is but it does pay off in the long run with fewer mistakes and greater efficiency don't know who haven't if it and. 30 even if we do manage to focus on one thing at a time there's still a risk we'll continue to feel stressed out. the workload and digital networking we often forget one simple thing. take a break. for fewer than 25 percent of people in germany take regular breaks at work with the time so the majority do without a break at least once in a while because they think they've got so much to do. but regular breaks are essential. you need to schedule them and then. take them ideally 10 to 15 minutes

every 2 hours 15 percent. that's because switching off is believed to activate a neural network called the default mode network. it's a brain network that kicks in when we're not engaged in a specific mental task but that doesn't mean our brain is resting it's collating and storing the information and data it was processing and forming new connections and insights. into the brain these aren't just the moments when inspiration strikes it's also healing. you should give your brain short breaks in the daily routine process what you've seen and learned. by the good news is that your brain does this almost automatically if you just have to be willing to stop the constant flow of stimuli to photo midnight . time offline is extremely helpful.

especially after work it's good to decompress from the demands of the day for example by setting up times when you go offline to take a break from the constant flow of information. many people find that surprisingly difficult. every time we interact with our smartphone it sets off a quiet chemical process involving the release of dopamine. for thoughts a hormone that's part of the brain's reward system or. we develop habitual behaviors that many people find hard to change even after work for a loss and can buy one out of 20 people today have developed a dependency a kind of addiction. going offline can help change the subject your behaviors but also cars out time for leisure activities like going on a bike ride or jogging. exercise helps reduce levels of the body's stress hormones

including courters old which helps us relax. only works when you're talking about moderate intensity and your infectious side stick to high intensity competitive support does create mental strain which isn't as restorative for the brain. going offline also gives us a chance to foster our social connections socializing online can actually lead to greater feelings of stress and inadequacy since we often tend to measure ourselves against the idealized image but those projective themselves. because noida does we now know that there's no substitute for genuine social connections with virtual relationships we can't replace them with the crowd. and a good night's sleep is also priceless. sleep is especially important when our brains have to cope with a heavy workload. but that's a lesson we seem to be forgetting. some studies show that the average sleep

duration in the industrialized world has been falling for years it's fallen by 30 minutes a night over the last 2 decades. that's not a good development when we sleep our brain is tidying up its stores the important experiences and information we encounter during the day until it's useless information like a cerebral spring clean. and in high school and within our brain our frontal lobe needs a lot of this clearing out it's the region that handles the highest order mental activities lies to win the war that includes willpower self-discipline the ability to plan tasks and carry them out as well as impulse control and all of that improves. enough sleep is essential. it's what gives us the energy to begin a new day ready to concentrate and to tackle the digital challenges of modern life

. how to recycle old concrete not like this but a new process may help to break down the building material to yield its individual components will resume find out more on the next edition of tomorrow today see then buy.

more. from china. small town germany. changes training nothing climbing a bunch of culture on a model of a film about between different clubs and finding talent self auditing by yellow sea island black forest.

says he wants to morrow. along conflict in the philippines. between the muslim and the christian population last. as fighters occupied the city center to close in 17 president church's response was. gibberish but again the color of. the reconquest turned into tragedy this is not the kind of freedom that we want. how did we become a gateway to islamist terror. an exclusive report from a destroyed city. filling in the sights of our guests starts october 24th on

d w. 2 fronts this year antonia here's a see him this is opposite us i'm sitting on the terrace in twilight it's peaceful my 3 grandchildren sleep on trouble that's asked out when i was 8 trances in germany was split in 2 and remain divided for decades and it was my get on with your mother was born in 1969 the wall was already 8 years old you know my grandchildren were born after the wall fell born in a marina find a wonderful time in a time of great joy. 3 generations of one family on a journey through a recent german history. of. our family and us starts nov 6th on d

w. this is the w. news live from berlin boris johnson begins a charm offensive that will determine the future of bricks and you case prime minister may have hammered out a deal with brussels but now he has to persuade the british parliament to back his plan in a vote tomorrow he says will succeed but others say they're not so sure also coming up.