germany was split in 2 and remain divided for decades when your mother was born in 1969 the wall was already 8 years old you know my grandchildren were born after the war born in really trying to make 3 generations come away on a journey through recent german history. starts number 6 on d. w. . this journey begins in the dark a long time ago and stretches far into the future. stone for stone it tells the story of life in what is today thuringia in central germany millions of years ago.

thomas martins is showing his successor tom hooper the borough marker quarry a fossil site close to the town tom bhakti tot's who is taking over as the paleontologist at fleet much tynecastle in got up home to 290000000 year old treasures from the lower permian period martin spent 40 years digging through the earth's history on the site and who hopes his time will be similarly fruitful. the ball marker in the thuringia forest is a very special fossil locality. in the season you could say the brawl macher is the only lower permian locality in the world well track sprints and the track makers that is skeletons basically be found in one layer. to fit the

screen used to be a common academic consensus that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown and find grain rocks. i guess some academic opinion shouldn't be written in stone. of. thomas marx and showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the bro market quarry in 1974 now. we weren't actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one from the 1st i didn't recognise it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone just by but then i prepared this white lie thing and saw it as a bone as. my then teacher and professor on know him on miller and freiburg wrote to me mr martin's you didn't find that here kathy when he said there's no such thing here civilizations. subsequently except that it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year.

at the end of the 19th century a footprint left by primitive tetrapod animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block but it come from the belmokhtar quarry this launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the do call museum in or sold to museums and universities around the world. about 150 years before the borough market footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off paleontological research around the world. is heading to that beginning the. geologist of the national geo park insoles bad guy glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and copper mine. parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research.

this is an older excavation know all of this is old. with this and what is this from around $1730.00. in the $1730.00 s. discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever . as a few of us i know the us this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto resource or 1st lizard was around. when that discovery was made here in $733.00 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that he's been told it's now in the natural history museum louisiana was and was in a movie and this is and this shaft from the front. was open since you are a saurus was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described in

cities let's have that time most people knew nothing about fossils it was not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for and yack bad movies people still thought that these shapes have grown inside the rocks by chance sees a few groovin to turn to fairly should stay in the box and be. just as the hills into this so here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region shish dizzying of the great the range and flood that happened here 257000000 years ago isn't that seen from fish new york of on top of the water you're going to like that. which was laid down by the sea the year. blood at the central european basin. i mean yards of the fruit to touch the rock here below with the large particles is the conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate for this

. is it's. during this time to see stagnated and there was a sludge at the bottom from a poorly ventilated sea floor lifted. or this is the layer in which the remains of proto and many other fossils can be found it was observed of the 1st. one geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapod left tracks in wet sand which eventually became mottled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in $833.00 in the nearby vince a quarry. they were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of natural history in the castle batons books noising and it's arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. in the 19th century people didn't really understand

how these pictures walked if you put your hand on the print you can see if it's really well here has. been taken the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose a dog was actually a little finger if that long with this film the researchers surmised the creatures must have walked criss cross cloyd's which didn't really seem natural to us why that's why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced these curious drugs life. with you would give you some. sort i'm not from 833-2851 about 20 different scientific papers were written about them it was true. that's how hot the topic was on the. the hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. one can and.

we can determine the shoulder point and the point of the animals from their tracks and how they step. on which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animal's proportions in addition the foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group in this case. in archosaurs. similar animals have been found to chino switzerland and south america. both methods we did you order a phantom picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model. of. the beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like today's mammals and dinosaurs before them. this is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earth's history. col fan of borg is a sought after expert for early amphibians and set up the museum exhibition like

thomas martin's and stefan bonna he stands in the great tradition of the engine fossil researchers and discovers. who live fun lynch down for example discover the skeleton of a neo theropod a carnivore from the triassic period. this ancestor of the t.-rex was named lillian sternness after the discovery. down in the museum's archives the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. and place this is a magnificent specimen. and see it for with frank your story which is why you see. some plants were swept in but the brink you sorry were the real inhabitants of the lakes these. on them on let's take

a look at the largest loss of life skeleton it's kind of these still are dinosaurs of their primitive and fib eons that lived in the leg during the war or sister really an epic and this was a young. and that's what's particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis. or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton and all that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. to slip through. the slot open he would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood because. it's also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. with this creature maybe floating on the surface for a while still didn't skim burst. by may have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines caused the skin to split. and some.

did in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. of your claws and almost in to shield. the tetrapods living in the bone markers site near tom de time it's probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the rancho was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then now 10 surrounded the brahmachari and a river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. the pulp and. we need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. it can't be too liquid. it needs to have a plastic consistency. and we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard. and the wind covers it in sand and just going jerry it can now stay preserved liked

. that is a fossil for millions of years if we additions are right. as the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the quarry known but the skeletons brought the sign to world famed after martins came across the 1st bone here in 1984 he returned every year each time he discovered maine fossils. in the 1980 s. i found the 1st skull of the genus in moria. and we knew it was a sim oriya from comparing it with american literature. that was a big surprise. because it was the 1st example of the genus found in europe and it made this connection clear. tried to reach out to researchers in the u.s. which wasn't easy to do in the g.d.r. . but with the help of the museum it worked. that's

how interest from america from the western world started. a lot of this nation's idea. after the fall of the berlin wall martin's managed to get one of the world's leading pretty great paleontologists interested in the brawl marker scientists david berman from the carnegie museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. the 1st and most important thing is that all the things we're finding here 13 different types of animals are more earth found nowhere else in europe but they are many of them are found in states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents tour together that europe the north america one continuous land continent. the science was under the care of the. freedon stein which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities.

but a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the borough marker also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. researchers at the carnegie museum of natural history in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. amy had received as collection manager for the section of vertebrate paleontology she is also a fossil prepare and participated in breaux marker quarry excavations discoveries at the braun marker were important for me as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the carnegie museum they far exceeded in completeness preservation and also in there is a preparation other fossils that i worked on the 3rd for for. him we were found out of. the week for everything. up to that

and the reason for that. he was adapted. to being able to run by people not only on our way through the upright. but removed. you know. why. not other animals for thought this sort of the rampart. the dinosaur. was there a small time around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t.-rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. of all the discoveries we've made of the broad marker and the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or babies. and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was the one who'd

. scuppered and we were working in the cory and i was sort of going into my oval never find a fossil when i lifted up a piece of rock and underneath that lifted up looked at the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didn't know what it was of at the time but we knew from the borough marker that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles crocodiles and birds that lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore. and this is why researchers and switzerland have taught or obeyed path started to walk again. the interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the university of berlin and the

cold polytechnique federer in. the biologist hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. the engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. i guess one of the think it shows us where like connect control the motors at the same time . very slowly like 5 degrees of freedom in the lake early. so they're very they're like 5 mortars into a lake and a team that was sort of challenging. to get told the degrees of freedom that is a real animal can have. there's never been a walking machine like this there's 28 different motors that control the complete movement. and it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural

sequence of movement. if. you have all these degrees of flexibility and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations. and at the same time we could play at various scenarios. in the robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago . but i also we can now use the robot to identify what movements could create tracks like these this is under scrutiny so i have happened now to. professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the previous chiller. university. he measured the bones and tracks digitize them animated them together with specialists and compare their mobility with that of living reptiles today. we found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land

that's going on which meant we had to shift our estimation of when i was active mobility on land had a vault back by 15 to 20000000 years and. thomas martin's his grandson and his successor tom hooper are all the way to the depot of freedon stein castle prepared oral beatty's is back from the us. was. a skeleton is absolutely complete as far as the most in taxes gallatin of this kind of animal in the world. it's really crazy seeing something like this. you can almost picture how it lives how it moved and what it saw. you can see the eye sockets in that skull. this is where the treasures of the stored

among them the famous tumble to fossilized samaria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent. some 300000000 years ago. as if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed . whispering they were whispering to each other. we had the idea to call them the tom box lovers and then because of the famous painting. lovers the world's oldest couple. in the year. the demitra don. that's the one with the neural spine sale which had previously only been known for north america but this part of been found in the. these are long along it it's lines that extend from the vertebrae here of the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. this isn't exactly

the same species but it is a demitra dog. it's a little smaller than those found in north america but hey we now know we had remembered on in europe as from toy which is great with one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal. and in here is the you didn't this. is the legs are so long that we think you could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go faster. almost like a dinosaur although he's not one of us as we also have a posterity or part of the pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd you davis so there's that back. he's still being prepared in the us but we'll get it back by the end of the year that if that. i just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. with pleasure i'm adding it to my list. in the quarry of top

bites. are standing and now petrified lake dating from the whole clique endorses a rally and 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wish list. of these still exist today clam shrimp. these bluish white shells where the houses a clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. in the tetrapods that swam in this lake these. you can thank because they're also small crustaceans and here to. maybe will also find some paragraph and. they're looking for a branch and other larger amphibians but they aren't in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. your single father

and now we've reached the right stratum and should be long now for the tetrapods jump out again. when it's. yeah lunch might get to my ears are layers where you find a lot and a lot has been preserved in the stratum one but there are others in which there are tightly packed here and we have the highest tetrapod density in the world gets flexion there are areas with up to $1500.00 small break your sorry per square meter it's like opening a tin of sardines in that that's how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here . so you know bunches the real mantra might be. the paleontologists found about $500.00 sorry and a large skull. or a country to 1. 123. you don't see much at 1st. but you can open it with me and then you can see

a bit more. and this is the inside of the skull and there you can see the skull cap it's like this white bone voice came from the other side. you can see the pallet on. wouldn't you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long. and centimeter long and this is a canine of the hard palate. he's ok no one has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and i'm so. it was all this all was about so wide and so long dozens of others are relatively large to this instrument and i think we were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine and some ribs are both still preserved as if there are some blocks where we don't know what's

inside yet so we're hoping for more fines of us going through this is something really great because we don't have such big skulls from his view yet. care will be able to extract this with a few months of work i propose to the skull could belong to an accomplice stoma tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony have been excavated but there seems to be a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clearer. what's special here and is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed. it's a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep the sense of the range and forest as a narrow mountain range so if i lifted up which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest marks where the market can be

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is shut out of. touch. this is deja vu news live from berlin another brixton extension is on the table u.k. prime minister boris johnson was compelled to write the e.u. with asking for a delay he also wrote a separate letter saying he doesn't want one earlier the u.k. parliament voted to put off voting on his british deal. to spain's acting prime minister paper sanchez rejects calls for talks with cattle on separatists his

comments comments large crowds gather in barcelona to demonstrate against police repression and the jailing of several separatist leaders.