welcome to the what is the game here or do. we have to talk about some. very. clear. this journey begins in the dark a long time ago and stretches far into the future. stone for stone it tells the story of life in what is today in central germany millions of years ago.

thomas martins is showing his successor tom hooper the borough mocker quarry a fossil site close to the town tom bhakti tots who can a is taking over as the paleontologist at clayton stein castle in go top home to 290000000 year old treasures from the lower permian period martin spent 40 years digging through the earth's history on the site and who hopes his time will be similarly fruitful. bro marker in the thuringia forest is a very special fossil locality. in the season you could say the brome out there is the only lower permian locality in the world well track sprints and the track makers that is skeletons basically be found in one layer. to fins and this guy used to be a common academic consensus is that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown and find green rocks. i guess some academic opinion shouldn't

be written in stone. of. thomas martin showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the bro market quarry in 1974. we weren't actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one 1st i didn't recognize it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone just by but then i prepared this white thing and saw it as a bone as. my then teacher and all of us are on know him on miller and freiburg wrote to me. mr martin's you didn't find that here kathy when he said there's no such thing here services. subsequently except that it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year so . at the end of the 19th century

a footprint left by primitive tetrapod animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block that it come from the belmokhtar quarry this launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the do call museum in or sold to museums and universities around the world. about 150 years before the bro marker footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off paleontological research around the world. is heading to that beginning. geologist of the national geo park insoles bag glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and copper mine. parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research. this is an older excavation oh all of this is old. when this and when is this from

around 1730. in the 17th thirty's discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever. as a few of us i know the us this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto a saurus or 1st lizard was around. when that discovery was made here in $733.00 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that he's been told it's now in the natural history museum of the animals and was in view and this is envisioned shaft from the front. saurus was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described in cities will tell you that time the people knew nothing about fossils it was not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for and the fact that people still

thought that these shapes had grown inside the rocks by chance he's a few groovin that science who fairly should try and give back some real. job as a here's into this so here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region fish disease of the great the range in flood that happened to your 257000000 years ago. found that scene from fish new york of on top of the water you get a license which was laid down by the see the year. the central european basin. i mean. the wrong here below with the large particles is the conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate form this. is it's. during this time to see stagnated and there was a slug at the bottom from

a poorly ventilated sea lift. this is the layer in which the remains of proto and many other fossils can be found. in the 1st. one geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapods left tracks and wet sand which eventually became modeled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in $833.00 in the nearby vincent quarry. they were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of natural history in the castle books noising and it's arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. in the 19th century people didn't really understand how these creatures walked if you put your hand on the print you can see if it's really well here. when taking the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose of dog was

actually a little finger if the clone a female would disappear in the researchers surmised the creatures must have walked crisscross cloyd's which didn't really seem natural to us why that's why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced this curious tracks life on the foot here would give you something to call yourself sort them. out from 833-2851 about 20 different scientific papers are written about them with truffle. that's how hot the topic was. the hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. one can and. we can determine the shoulder point and the pelvic point of the animals from the tracks and how they stepped. on which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animals

proportions in addition the foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group in this case. in our gross or through us all will similar animals have been found to chino in switzerland and south america or both methods lead you to order a phantom picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model the sequence of. the beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like today's mammals and dinosaurs before them. this is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earth's history. found a book is a sought after expert for early m. 50 s. and set up the museum exhibition like thomas martin's and stefan bonna he stands in the great tradition of the engine fire. so researchers and discoverers.

who live fun lily and down for example discovered the skeleton of a neo theropod a carnivore from the triassic period. this ancestor of the t.-rex was named lillian channels after the discovery. down in the museum's archive the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. and fish this is a magnificent specimen. and the seed for with frank your story which is the white you see. some plants were swept him but the brink you sorry were the real inhabitants of the lakes to use. on them on let's take a look at the largest loss of life skeletons and these still are dinosaurs of their

primitive amphibians that lived in the leg during the war to make into more sister really an epic that's why you won't hear from this was a young. and that's what's particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis. or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton. well that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. nobody would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood. also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. with this creature maybe floating on the surface for a while it didn't skin burst. we have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines caused the skin to split. and in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. of your closet. to

shield. the tetrapods living in the. times probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the rancho was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then mountains surrounded the brahmachari and a river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. and. we need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. it can't be too liquid. it needs to have a plastic consistency. and we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard. and the wind covers it in sand and just going jerry can now stay preserved like that as a fossil for millions of years to see if the additions are right. because

the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the kauri known but the skeletons brought the sign to world famed after this came across the 1st bone here in 1984 he returned every year each time he discovered new fossils. in the 1980. yes i found the 1st goal of the genus and. we knew it was a sim oriya from comparing it with american literature. that was a big surprise. because it was the 1st example of the genus found in europe and it made this connection clear. tried to reach out to researchers in the us which wasn't easy to do in the g.d.r. . but with the help of the museum it worked. that's how interest from america from the western world started.

after the fall of the berlin wall martin managed to get one of the world's leading british great paleontologists interested in the science david berman from the carnegie museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. the 1st and most important thing is that all the things we're finding here 13 different types of animals from earth. in europe but they are many of them are found in states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents are together that europe and north america were one continuous land continent. the science was under the care of the. freedon stein which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities but a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the. also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and

the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. researchers at the carnegie museum of natural history in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. amy henry see is a collection manager for the section of road. liberate paleontology she is also a fossil prepared and participated in bro marker quarry excavations the discoveries at the bro marker were important for me as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the carnegie museum they are far exceeded in completeness preservation and also. there is a preparation other fossils that i worked on we started with her. and we were found out of. the week for everything. up to that time in the reason for that. he was adapted. to being able

to run by people not only on the hard way in an upright position but removed as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the carnegie museum they far exceeded in completeness preservation and also. there is a preparation other fossils that i worked on we started preparing. and we were found out of the. unique for everything. up to that time in the reason for that. he was adapted. to being able to run by people not only on the hard way in an upright position but he moved. up into the world of life faster not you know other animals or thought of this sort of the ramparts like the dinosaur he.

was there a small time around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t.-rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. of all the discoveries we've made and the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or babies perhaps died and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was the one who discovered it and we were working in the quarry and i was sort of going into my own will never find a fossil but when i looked it up with these abroad and i wondered that i would get up to look at the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didn't know what it was out of at the time but we knew from the bro that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles

crocodiles and birds lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore and this is why researchers in switzerland have taught paths to walk again. the interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the university of berlin and the polytechnic in. the biologists hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. the engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. i guess one of the think which i swear. at the same time. a story

like 5 degrees of freedom in the lake berkeley. so there are very what they're like 5 mortars into like but that was sort of challenging. to get told the degrees of freedom that is a real animal can have. there's never been a walking machine like this there's 28 different motors that control the complete movement. and it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural sequence of movement. if. you have all these degrees of flexibility and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations. and at the same time we could play at various scenarios in. the robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago. the world but i don't so we can now use the robot to identify what movements could

create tracks like these this is under his hat and that's a. professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the previous chiller university. he measured the bones and tracks digitized them animated them together with specialists and compared their mobility with that of living reptiles today. we found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land that's going on which meant we had to shift our estimation of when i got active mobility on land had a vault back by 15 to 20000000 years and. thomas martin's his grandson and his successor tom who are all the way to the depot of castle prepared is back from the us.

this book is. a skeleton it's absolutely complete as far as the most in text gallatin of this kind of animal in the world. it. was really crazy seeing something like this. you can almost picture how it lives how it moved and what it saw. you can see the eye sockets in that skull. this is where the treasures of the pro mocker are stored among them the famous tom. 2 fossilized samaria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent called pangea some 300000000 years ago. as if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed . whispering they were whispering to each other. we had the idea to call them the tom box lovers because of the famous painting.

lowers the world's oldest couple. in the here is the demitra don. that's the one with the normal spine sail which had previously only been known from north america but this part of been found in the brahmachari. these are long along good spines that extend from the vertebrae here at the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. this isn't exactly the same species but it is a demitra dog. it's a little smaller than those found in north america but hey we now know we had her mentor down in europe as from toy which is great we went to one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal to pop. in here is the you doing this. the legs are so long that we think he could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go faster than. almost like a dinosaur although he's not one of us as we also have

a posterity or part of the pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd. back. he still being prepared in the us but we'll get it back by the end of the year that if that. i just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. with pleasure i'm adding it to my list. in the quarry of bad tabards. are standing and now petrified lake dating from the hole to ghent or says or alley and 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wish list. so these still exist today clam shrimp these bluish white shells were the houses of clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. in the tetrapods that swam in this lake ate these.

and thank you they're also small crustaceans in here too but maybe will also find some paragraph and. they're looking for a brown heel sori and other larger amphibians but they aren't in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. in the closet now we've reached the right stratum it should be long now before the tetrapods jump out again. when it's. yeah munch my dick in my user layers where you find a lot and a lot has been preserved in the stratum one but there are others in which there are tightly packed here and we have the highest tetrapod density in the world there are areas with up to 1500 small brink you saw where meter is like opening

a tin of sardines in that that's how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here . so bunch is the real thing. the paleontologists found about $500.00 broncos sorry and a large skull. made. until tomorrow. and then. 123. you don't see much at 1st. but you can open it with me and then you can see a bit more. and this is the inside of the skull and there you can see the skull cap it's this white bone on the other side which. you can see the politician on. wouldn't you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long.

and this is a canine of the hard palate. just look at how the canine has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and i'm debbie and. it was all the snow was about so wide and so long dozens of others relatively large that i think we were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine and some ribs both still preserved and there are some blocks where we don't know what's inside yet so we're hoping for more finds what's going through this is something really great because we don't have such big skulls from his view yet. care will be able to extract this with a few months of work. to the skull could belong to an accomplice stole the tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony have been excavated could there soon be

a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clearer. what special here in the range is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed to sloth and it's a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep a mental image the sense that the range in forest is a narrow mountain range and so if i lifted up which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest parts where the broad market can be found and with the entirely disagree with the form of what's to say.

good.

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was my given among your mother was born in 1069 the wall was already 8 years old. my grandchildren were born after the wall fell born in a reign of 5 germans a wonderful time a time of great joy. 3 generations one family on a journey through recent german history. for family costs starts nov 6th on d w. this

is do you have any news live from berlin protesters in hong kong to find a band to make their voices heard thousands of demonstrators take to the streets for an unauthorized rally undeterred by recent violent attacks on pro-democracy activists also coming up. another brick that extension is on the table british prime minister boris johnson rights to.