the christian coalition. claims fighters occupied the city center in 2017 president to church's response was fine. this is not the kind of freedom that we was how did move forward to become a gateway to islamist terror. an exclusive report from a destroyed city. in the science of our universe starts october 24th on d w. you're watching tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up this week up up and away with a lighter and cleaner air craft of the future. valuable composite we need a scientist who creates lightning to recycle concrete. and to do carp

like duckweed a research project is investigating the welfare of farmed fish. the 46000000 flights took off around the world in 2018 and their number continues to climb despite all the concerns about the impact of aviation on climate change. forecasts say europe alone will see air traffic increase by 42 percent in the coming decades. with less fuel and less noise the aircraft of the future needs to be more environmentally friendly. in the tip of the wing the final component of an unusual model airplane but there are new designs please ahead steve and i. the flu bites from the unix technical

university want to make life a quieter and more environmentally friendly. is a hybrid it uses both batteries and jet fuel the aircraft is powered by propellers on the wings and an engine in the rear the plane uses only electrical power when taking off and landing but during the ascent and when it reaches cruising altitude it burns fuel generators at the wing tips recharge the batteries while the plane is flying. on us about along with conventional planes the propulsion system doesn't hang on to the wing but is this debate over it surfaced by steering the individual motor so we can keep the plane on a vertical axis and don't interfere at the park are you that makes our plane very quiet during takeoff and landing and very efficient when cruising. in 2018 the munich students concept one design competition sponsored by nasa and the german aerospace center in theory the theory would burn 65 percent less fuel than

a conventional plane but would it also be practical to build the plane this way just how far along are engineers when it comes to designing the airplane from the future let's take a closer look at 3 different aspects of research. recently the city air bus was presented in southern germany and air taxi powered by electric motors that initially would carry up to 4 passengers. there are already small electric powered planes out there but larger passenger planes still don't have enough batteries for engine power. and wants to change that the physicist and pilot heads the electric aircraft department at a german multinational the men's says he and his team. are developing more powerful

electric motors that could replace even larger fuel driven engines the. water here you see a motor that only weighs 50 kilograms but as an output of 1500 newton metres of talk that's 200 kilowatts of electricity power density here is 5 times higher than what you usually see as a shelf. so all the time to test it. we watch a stress test of the city air bus motor the engineer simulate a flight from nuremberg to munich. the motor functions as expected even when fully loaded passenger planes with hybrid motors are expected to take this coming soon and don't think you'll see even a 15 percent are possible with hybrid technology. is my dream is that in 2035 i could buy a ticket for a hybrid electric flight from nuremberg to paris 50 of the passengers would board

along with me because we all want to get from point a to point being so it would be routine in the us would he decide. how would improving aerodynamics help the equation that's what professor called also and his team are investigating at the german aerospace center and brown spike today they're testing a special prototype in the center's wind tunnel they hope the mon noise aircraft will be quieter than conventional planes. they'll have to change the entire plane in the essence that's what happened here because there's this separation effect that happens when you place the turbines up and back that doesn't get rid of the sound but it generates it in a different direction it doesn't spread downwards where it bothers people instead it's generated upwards into the atmosphere and that's the only way to make it work as a systems force. ok let's go. started. the

experimental design is in place the door closes the rotor is switched on in the wind tunnel the air is sped up to 200 kilometers an hour the researchers wait in the control center for the test results data look pretty good so. the prototype is just half as loud as a conventional plane. design incorporating forward sweeping laminar flow wings is also promising. and we once came up with designs for a competitor to the a $320.00 that utilize this kind of technology and cut fuel usage during operation by no less than 12 percent of what's in there not just the top powers but during operation overall but it's i'm sure that's what can be achieved these days with technology and its implementation is foreseeable is. the. plan stick instead of aluminum

researchers here at the german aerospace center are also experimenting with new materials carbon fiber reinforced synthetics can make planes lighter and of course lower weight equals better fuel economy at the moment the scientists believe this aspect alone could cut fuel use fire round 2 percent. so all together the centers 3 current projects could reduce fuel use by 30 percent and that's not even half of what they'd be rated signers are aiming for. we desperately need more environmentally friendly airplanes and the sky is the limit. the situation is similar with climate friendly cars. the number of newly registered vehicles in august in the e.u. shows that people still love driving cars despite traffic jams and exhaust fumes in

car obsessed germany the number of vehicles continues to climb more than 3 and a half 1000000 newly registered automobiles hit the country's roads this year alone . but driving is stressful and even normally calm people can get caught up in road rage. people who are normally mild mannered can suddenly get cranky behind the way you. take mr klein here. a total selfie at home he turns into an out of control monster in his car. why is that. researchers have identified a range of factors we look at 5 of the most important. first step is stress. mr klein drives to work and is always a bit anxious about arriving late. much of that the noise and being

cramped up in his car. and driving itself involves a lot of communication with other road users. plus information processing on fine motor skills. it's a complex and very taxing activity and a source of stress. if another driver is trying impatiently to overtake and tell gates mr klein he might not take kindly to it in. fact a number 2 uncontrollable anger. meek mr klein wants to show who's boss. there's no way now he's going to let the driver behind him pass so he stays in the fast lane just to make a point. when we're feeling stressed our emotions can rapidly take control. back to number 3 limited communication. almost the climb

sees is the tailgating vehicle way too close and maybe flashing its lights. there's no direct communication from person to person whether in words or gestures. what the driver behind is thinking or feeling is impossible to know from just looking in the rearview mirror. mr klein sees everything from his own perspex. under seems the worst about the annoying road user behind him. and often there's nobody else in the car to placate him. this is fact the number for all the lack of social control. mr klein can lose his composure and rage and rant at will without having to fear any sanctions especially. the car is a special place for the driver fuck to 5 personal territory. for many

people cars are more than a means of transportation or even a status symbol. here mr klein feels independent empowered his own man or he can let his emotions go. it's a little home away from home and very much his own personal space. he's like a conqueror extending his realm the further he travels around the faster he advances. but if anyone gets in his way he feels his personal space is being invaded and reacts with fury. so there are various factors behind road rage luckily many people remain well behaved at home and on the road. we'd like to know how it is for you. so we asked on facebook have you ever experienced road rage what makes you angry when you drive. david says it annoys him

when people ignore stop signs or don't turn on the blinker when turning over and someone behind them haunts the 2nd the light turns green. dragon the air is angry at people risking everyone's lives to break rules for the convenience of gaining a few minutes. luis gets mad when someone ignores a red traffic light talks on the phone behind the wheel puts on make up while driving. back from indonesia hates riding his moped braid our senses scan the road as far as 200 meters ahead of the car. and laser scans everything in 180 degree field of view. and ultrasonic sensors measure the distance to hazards and other cars using sound waves that bounce back off those objects. and i also draw on the latest digital map updates from

the cost sat nav system. so it's all food. and i also draw on the latest digital map updates from the cost sat nav system. so it's all full proof right. well in fog a camera can only see as well as a human can heavy rain and snow fall also interfere with laser and radar pings. most of the fully autonomous vehicles have been on the road only in sunny california and even then they've had a few accidents along the way. one woman who suddenly appeared out of the dark much like this was even killed by an autonomous car out similar accidents happen with regular vehicles as well. so driving cars

would use artificial intelligence to learn to respond to sudden hazards the way a human would and that will take time. but there's little doubt that autonomous vehicles will eventually make traffic safe about 90 percent of accidents are caused by human error and those won't happen in fully autonomous vehicles. they can't. all asleep at the wheel don't drive under the influence of alcohol and won't become aggressive either. many people complain that autonomous cars will make driving boring but in all likelihood passengers will find other ways to stay entertained. a problem is red white but only believe it. do you have a science question that you've always wanted and say it we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text over

a smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. you find us online at d w dot com slash science as well as on twitter and facebook. the lightning releases huge amounts of energy in a short period of time that's what makes it so destructive it can set forests and buildings on fire. lightning has damaged the fingers of the famous statue of christ the redeemer in rio de janeiro one scientist is now harnessing artificial lightning to break down concrete. what can be done with the more than $50000000.00 tons of concrete waste that accumulate each year in germany a mineralogist of the founder of the institute for building physics has come up with an unusual answer. to this we want to decompose this used

concrete into its components by shooting ultra short lightning pulses out it going to force a lightning into the concrete we put it under water otherwise the post would dissipate in the air and nothing would happen. the idea was originally developed by soviet scientists back in the 1940 s. . adapted the method in order to break down. concrete into its individual components in his lab. and the decisive factor is the ultra short electrical poles he generates. and who thinks i've got a picture of it here 1st we get many many flashes of lightning got wander along the surface and cause extreme mechanical weakening of the material or physical. channel forms in the material and grows rapidly producing a pressure wave that's as powerful as a t.n.t. explosion. did it. and the result

at 1st it's a murky sludge but soon course particles grow visible. the gravel has been cleanly separated it could be used as a building material straight away. what about the sand it's collected at the bottom for the construction industry needs this material to make concrete but it's becoming a precious commodity. the quality of just recycled sand is as good as that of natural sand. by contrast mechanically shredded waste concrete is only suitable for use in road building the gravel and sand produced by these methods wouldn't produce sufficiently stable concrete for building houses. and poker tour my hopes to change that in his lab will show us that his lightning pulse method can cleanly remove

a one euro coin that's been embedded in concrete. while i work. we've tried it with other things diamond dealer wanted to know if his diamonds could be free from a concrete matrix. so we embedded them waited a week until the concrete was hard and short lightning pulses out it. the diamonds came out like a dream i'm expecting the same with the coin. a week later the concrete block has hardened 1st the section where the coin is thought to be is knocked out so it will fit in the machine. the debris euro should be in this chunk of the market. this method could one day enable diamond hunters to extricate gender stones from rock. because we're excited to see where they will find the euro.

they are it is complete and undamaged. this electrodynamic fragmentation method could also help recover valuable resources from garbage or rather from the residue left over after waste is bert what's known as slag. at this combined heat and power station. is getting slag samples to separate into their constituent components in his machine. doesn't treasure in there about 10 percent is metals so that might not sound like a lot but generally produces 5000000. of slag every year does half a 1000000 tonnes of metals like allen minium copper and iron. ok that's enough. after the waste slag has been exposed to the electrical pulses clean metal pieces come to life along with glass and ceramic samples. at a later step the materials can be sorted by machines and we used that would reduce

lag volume by half. given a copper sells for over $4000.00 euros a tonne process for over 3000 years return it would be worth processing slike with this method the. plans are already underway to construct a large processing plant the funding for the building has already been approved a property has been found now focus is seeking investors for a fragmentation plant able to process 10 tons of material per hour my name my vision is to build an industrial scale facility to extract these valuable rule materials from slag and voice concrete. a vision of true recycling that would keep resources from being needlessly thrown away. another valuable resource is fish many species have grown rare in the wild due to overfishing that's why more and more of the fish that lands on our plates has been

farmed. the un food and agriculture organization says that this year pound for pound culture will produce as many food fish as ocean trawlers. and that's one reason why a research project in switzerland is asking this question. how do fish fare in captivity they probably feel better when they have a good diet but how to tell if that is the case these are carp omnivores who need a regular supply of protein and. other things one ready source of protein that could perhaps be used in aqua culture is duckweed. linda children is a doctoral student at the zurich university of applied sciences and her focus is fish welfare. she's seeing if carp like to eat duckweed and how well they can digest it. they're not

a case of the gods of water quality and nutrition are 2 key issues for fish welfare and if they're not getting the right kind of food they can't be doing well. so. whether or not duck weed is good for a car can only be determined once they are dead. the researchers killed the specimens in a bucket with a sedative. what chickens pigs and cattle need to live decent lives has been established that's not the case with fish. hence this fish welfare project in zurich. the post mortem starts with children taking a blood sample in order to determine the concentration of cortisol. it's a hormone released in response to stress. then she removes the brain the gastrointestinal tract and the liver.

skates for our month because this experiment is about duckweed as food and we also removed the liver and guts if duckweed were not good for the fish we would expect to find signs of malnutrition malnutrition is a common stress factor especially in fish farms we want to see what a brain looks like in a fish that's been given the wrong kind of food for a long time or alternatively if duckweed is a great idea what a well fed brain. like. the researchers also want to determine whether a diet of duckweed has changed the quality of the carbs flash which is after all what we humans like to eat. but. many people feel it's extremely important that we make sure our food supplies are

sustainable and also that we ensure the wellbeing of farm animals we conduct basic and applied research with the aim of a stablish in findings that we can export to other countries for them to use if you have a definite saving need. that. food is not the only determinant of the fish welfare another factor is population density how much space the fish have. you might think this tank is really overcrowded but it's not quite that simple. so when there's also such a thing as too much space per fish that happens for example when i tell out here decides to claim a certain space and aggressively defends its corner against others that that's what causes a lot of education in the schools and is a source of stress for the fish so the right population density varies from one

species to another planet. the fish welfare project still has a lot to do as it seeks to determine what each species needs to lead a healthy and reasonably content life before ending up on our dinner plates. that's it for this week on tomorrow today. next time it's all about plants we'll see some fascinating experiments designed to see for example whether green and growing things possess something akin to intelligence join us for that next week gone tomorrow today see you then.

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foundation of this country. most countries have to have. spiders are diverse a few. odd. go in germany for more than 80 cysteine minutes on d. w. . take a trip on aussie go christmas market hopping with v.w. in cologne and a woman will go up to toba airfare and hotel are included for you and a guest. just tell us which german state is your favorite. what's the most beautiful place in germany. what would you like to explore most to enter check in at g.w. dot com slash travel good luck and enjoy some mulled wine. luxury

behind the mirror humans are exploited and animals cruelly slaughtered big brands have committed to fair working conditions and sustainable production but who is monitoring the some contractors and investigative documentary goes to italy and china and looks behind the glamorous facades of fashion houses luxury behind the mirror starts november 5th on d. w. . my 1st bicycle was a sewing machine. where i come from women are balanced by the social and then something as simple as learning how to ride a bicycle it isn't. since i was a little girl i wanted to have a bicycle off my home and it took me as the but. finally the game up invented by me and my cycles but returned because sewing machine sewing i suppose was more appropriate for girls than writing about it as now i want to meet southfield those

moments back home so i bounce by them to enforce. the rules and inform them of old dead beats is why. my name is them out of the homes and they were at the beach. the booth moved. to. the boat. this is g.w. news live from berlin time is ticking off rex it just 10 days or so johnson promises to take the u.k. out of the european union but his deal isn't passed to get to parliament won't leave without one so what's next. and also thousands have turned out in lebanon for

a 4th day they're protesting austerity measures aimed at tackling the country's crippling economic crisis. temple living is left wing president evo morales looks to be heading for a run off after team for inclusive elections.