here i am as art cinema rather it fills these catacombs with a certain mood to cover. up with fear. it will be 4 more years before the subterranean city of the dead is complete. well up next to talk film on a clean a human rights to africa you can always get the latest news on our website that is the dot com i'm going to humphrey in by land my colleague i'm researching the takes over from a at the news desk have a great day and so you see. the pictures of the famous naturalist and explorer. to celebrate alexander from the world's 250th birthday remarking on a voyage of discovery. expedition voyage on t.w.a.

. a neighborhood street festival in the german city of cologne for a dying cause a band pedestrians and bicyclists a free to use the streets normally traffic clogs these roads and clues to be in levels of fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides are high in downtown cologne . pediatrician christiane during is trying to raise awareness of the problem. among your kids have a cigarette off. the cigarette made of chewing gum symbolizes the invisible danger of particular matter and nitrogen oxides it represents the 2 cigarettes with toxins during says cologne residents inhale every

day. he sees a lot of young patients with respiratory problems in his practice. public in the us dr seuss for fish with an r.p.g. and trip practice is located nearby. in an area with heavy traffic and we've observed an increase in the problems children have in the months when we get temperature inversions they start and then the polluted air is trapped below and there's an increase in respiratory irritants from traffic concert particles from coal fired power plants children get diseases that are more severe and they need longer to recover we have to prescribe more medications. it's generally accepted that fine particular matter and nitrogen oxides pollute the air we breathe and can destroy our health the question is who is responsible. find particulates

a small fragments of solid materials only could droplets suspended in the air they may contain contaminants such as sort of lead particulate matter is divided into 3 categories. the largest of these particles are a 10th of the width of a human hair this is the catch a great peak in 10 particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter and these relatively course particles tend to stay in the respiratory tract refined matter that has particles less than $2.00 microns in diameter make up the class pm $2.00 and a small enough to penetrate the lungs culture fine particles are less than 0 point one micron in diameter they can enter the bloodstream 25 think a bag and if the particles are small enough to get into the bloodstream that's a huge problem in small children whose immune defenses are still weak there are uses to mr in training so to speak preparing for all the things that it will face later in life that's why kids generally have we commune defenses in addition and

i'll show you here the long of a 12 month old child is still very very small that's a big problem for pediatricians in the us and you. air pollution affects the most vulnerable the sick the elderly and children like fanfare the 6 year old has to use a nebulizer to thin the mucus in his lolls when the air quality in cologne tyria rights during the winter months you'll get a calm that invariably develops into bronchitis or even pneumonia in an effort to break the cycle doctors prescribe various medications and inhalations. lives for meat as the main problem is the strong medications ok so i try to avoid them by treating him 1st with homeopathy and herbals and then cough syrup but we usually end up resorting to a cord as i spray about half into who's

a soon as he starts coughing i tense up because i always feel that he develops this cough no matter what i do. or know what it means is that families have kids can't live in cities especially if they're predisposed to these kinds of conditions i mean i'm not home mom can occur outside yes vi because the air is so bad that ultimately you can't live there. this sounds chronic condition forced into and found version to move out to the suburbs but you'll scoff hasn't improved it seems there's no escaping colognes polluted air. the amish monocoque we've even considered moving to the coast. you know but i'm a teacher so i can't just get up and leave it's always a question of where you can find a job but theoretically everybody should move away from cologne.

traffic is one of the causes of air pollution in cities 63 percent of traffic related. matter is generated vibrate and tile where only 37 percent stems from engine source engines are primarily responsible for the nitrogen oxides in city air less particulate matter. traffic generates high levels of dangerous ultra fine particles toxins that here to their surfaces and can enter the bloodstream. in downtown cologne pediatrician christian during is vacuuming dirt off the street deposits of fine particular matter consisting of sort and rubber as well as lead barium aluminum and mercury street cleaning has long been used as a method of reducing traffic related air pollution but what christian during his doing here is merely symbolic. in the thought of not

a bad here. as is our voting on this road has made a difference the substances we vacuumed out these particles are contaminated the water so much that when we pour it in here we see that it's completely cloudy. bush the intruders. how damaging is particular matter to our internal organs next to the cemetery is the institute of forensic medicine of colognes university hospital. in the basement pathology lab is the work place of forensic medicine specialist marcus ward shield. here he investigates cases in which the cause type or time of death is unclear. shield can read the organs of the deceased like a book this loan is no exception. in this

this is the long of a man aged around 50 who lived here in the city if the autopsy determined that he died of natural causes. but we see very clearly by looking at years long that he held significant quantities of particulates matter and god no doubt. the deceased was not a smoker the pathologist can tell that from the tissue still the left lung is covered in black dots. my income tided if you can see polluted air as a residue in the lungs the shiny covering here is the pohlmann the reply that surrounds each lung in directly beneath the pleura we see this pattern of black dots these are carbon particles particles and it's the dirt this individual inhaled and that was deposited in his lungs. we believe about 20000 times every day passing some 10000 liters of air through our

lungs particles smaller than 10 micro meters in diameter or p.m.t. into the nasal cavity and trachea our natural defenses allow us to cough or sneeze small amounts after about bodies. but those defenses are overtaxed by large quantities of particles the respiratory tract swells up even smaller particles pm to 4 and 5 going into the poll near a l.b. or line and trigger brumfiel infections the result. pneumonia or bronchitis. equal or chronic inflammation as those courses can create liberation of connective tissue fibrosis and along that produces the lungs elasticities in the patient experiences shortness of breath a hunger for air that is not curable with tired of our. old refined particles into the bloodstream triggering chronic inflammation of blood vessels that leads to

clog arteries that can lead to a heart attack or stroke statistics for europe show that pollution can shave up to 2 years off our. lifespan of the black life shortening deposits of visible under the microscope the accumulation of carbon particles in the loans is known as answer cosas the man who i am but if you look at there some consider that our own lungs probably look the same it's clear that we need to go out and breathe fresh air from time to time when most people living in big cities all have lungs in which we find to a greater or lesser extent deposits of carbon particles mean it would have been a go shock plec visa was on board but i have to say that when i started 30 years ago we saw far more pronounced cases of anthrax hoaxes than we do today to play on the whole it's declined but we still see it in anyone who lives in a big city looking obviously in this but you didn't and it was. their pollution

generated by the particulate matter drop significantly in germany after $990.00 that includes not trojan oxides which was thrust into the spotlight by german come make a v.w. recent emissions scandal that since 2009 there's been little improvement in equality. the situation is far more grave in delhi the world's most polluted capital the air in the indian city is 10 times more contaminated than in cologne a trip to delhi is like a trip into germany's past this is how polluted the western european country was 4 decades ago. people try to protect themselves with face masks. we meet up with the shore club she works for the center of science and environment and is an environmental advisor to the government she takes measurements to show us just help that the air is.

like. cut. cut yeah like the touch. i don't have much choice. but. to be out beating or dead combat if you don't actually do it. the daily threshold values of particles in germany is 50 micrograms per cubic meter of. the measurements show delhi exceeds that by a factor of 30 that were taken in a heavily polluted area still there. so i didn't want to buy that evolutionist bullshit should he would have. been

a joins us tonight stepping well conform to pollution it has changed my mind and now i want to look for the air pollution and i am going to say that the so that if not meet the definition for the future generation of missing baby should be. what they would be thinking. the indian government has responded by closing coal fired power plants and ordering taxis that run on gasoline or diesel to switch to compressed natural gas but many still fill up with the band fuel and traffic isn't even the main source of delhi small it's the poor households in this city of 28000000 that use coal he to ions to press their laundry and open finances to cook their meals. households like bondo davies every day she makes traditional flat bread often she uses luck good wood to fire her style of such domestic cooking fire as one of the biggest sources of pollution he.

pulled residents a poisoning the city's air and themselves. and i have trouble breathing. yeah he is. he or my eyes search. and i often get headaches. sometimes i can hardly breathe and have to go to the hospital with a good. view from space air pollution it is plain to see the haze hovers not only above the city but stretches in a broad band across india pollution levels are highest between november and monch then hospital waiting rooms fill up with coughing patients and pollution kills an estimated 1800000 indians every year doctors at b.l.k. hospitals into the chest and respiratory diseases use a lung function test to check for early warning signs. not only be the.

b. and b. britain's a little out. some more some more some more some are and they could be that and say that's a very excellent. reason that you know that doctors can only treat the patient symptoms and try to relieve their pain in the recent deal as the number is increasing day by day i'm seeing more and more young children the symptoms suggestive of i'm seeing more and more people whose stupid you would ask my guests orsen very frequently so the number has almost doubled i can not tell my patients to stop breathing because it's essential to breathe so then i see them again and again in my own telling that via the only a bit better go but we're not absolutely all right it's really frustrating then i don't have to take a philosophy and tell everybody to plant

a tree but probably you know we need more than just planting a tree. the bale family lives in greater. an absolute district in the capital the. i've installed special technology in their home to help improve air quality. my room. visit i have media. the i know i'm there knowing my dad ok so what they're only going to show their good beret there. that's for phillips. isn't there but if i go there and there's a big brand there unique up force so this recently i walked from my bedroom and really started a fire there that one revere recently bought and. you know like. roger. so this is

a very very serious story that's from the company. marine i'll buy a lot is an architect. he spent almost a 1000 euros on the purifiers when they go outside in air pollution is high the children have to wear face masks. the. last year there was a time my children in step out and they were just. stepping out for the next week for school or anything so warm back mars. to be so there was a bad time. in the winter myra and nearest spend 3 to 4 months almost exclusively indoors $22.00 of the world's to see most polluted cities are in india and the situation isn't improving cleaning it is a precious commodity that only the wealthy can afford to improve inequality for everyone india would need to lift millions out of poverty undereducated open fire

cooking. germany could serve as an example its biggest polluters. industry and coal fired power plants were ordered to install filter systems domestic coal ovens were gradually replaced by gas heating and electric stars. the german environment agency operates one of 6 measuring stations in noid labs all in eastern brandenburg state it also analyzes data from other state finance stations marion vic mumfie big heads the agency's air quality department she advises the government on strategies to tackle fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides the modern filter that is currently collecting particulate matter isn't here at midnight it's pivoted over here and falls into this refrigerated chamber where the use filters are stored as good as far although we can see there's already a residue on it. in the bigger they are not money back in the 1970 s.

you could literally taste and see the smaug at least in the industrial very area and big cities with a given that the fine particulate matter we measure here is a health hazard that you can't see and so it's hard to convince people that it's a serious risk to their health. agency uses high precision instruments to conduct its measurements when coal fired power plants are brampton up in neighboring poland or winds carries to higher and dust clouds to germany the values measured he arrives in the e.u. the threshold values for the inhalable particles measuring $2.00 microns or less is $25.00 micrograms per cubic meter of an average over 3 years. we have one small investment we took the data for pm $2.00 in germany and compared it with the authorized threshold value that they're going to show us on this as you see on the map everything is green which means we have not exceeded any threshold

value and are in compliance with the limit so it looks like there's no health risks but the world health organization has recommended limit is much lower when we compared our data to their threshold value the map was suddenly red in other words there is a health hazard so if we want to protect public health we should use the w h o's recommendations as our yardstick. threshold values are always the result of negotiations politicians not doctors all scientists decide whether the air we breathe is clean enough and currently politicians are focused on road traffic as the main source of pollution but marian victim and phoebe says it lies elsewhere. and you would spoil woodfield heating systems are significant factor in air pollution especially out enbrel areas in fun if you drive through village you'll see stacks of wood everywhere people use them to light a cozy evening fire but most don't have an exhaust filter. and everything that's

burned inside it goes straight up through the chimney and out into the air and that's what we brace. emissions of pm 2.5 particulates matter from wood stoves has risen in germany in recent years while the share from automobile engines has dropped since 2008 would fuel studs have admitted more particular matter than engines would combustion now generates almost as much atmospheric pollution as traffic comprising engine exhaust as well as tires and brakes where. the reason more and more people like the schimmel family are heating with wood because it's considered a carbon neutral fuel but particulate matter from wood burning stoves is as much a health hazard as diesel sort chimney sweeps regularly encounter users who don't know the rules of making a fire it's a big problem so that's my stock now i would add kindling wood and

a starter. started a wave packed it i don't know where you put the kindling it would be totally overloaded just real intolerable. stoves that are overloaded all moms with high moisture content emit high levels of pollutants like nitrogen and sulphur oxides hydrochloric acid and particulate matter. chimneysweep mario vital gooses small logs and wood will soaked in works to light the fire he puts the thinner logs on top this is the low emission top down method. there so that's the way to do it a perfectly stacked starve. and the manufacturer has testbench conditions to achieve certain values with optimized words and set up conditions but these vary from site to site. so in order to make it at all possible that the emissions correspond relatively closely to the

manufacturer's value. use we'd chimney sweeps need to show our customers how to use their starves wrappers otherwise it's pointless. even if owners like their fires by the book it's virtually impossible to match manufacturers and mission values in daily use woodstoves a much more pollution and claimed despite the best efforts of chimney sweeps. you are going to try work below at the emissions source or the stove the cleaner the exhaust gases that i generate will be and the more i'm protecting the environment and my neighborhood of foreign made mine in mr one. according to the german environment agency woodstoves account for 20 percent of the particulate matter emitted in the pm $2.00 size range in germany that figure is rising. power plants are still the biggest emitters with 26 percent 2 thirds of these emissions stem from coal fired power plants traffic takes 3rd place

with 19 percent of the share contributed by agriculture is just 5 percent. but the german environment agency only measures direct emissions you will slowly felt it is a professor of atmospheric physics at the max planck institute for chemistry his findings are quite different lately felt says there's another culprit responsible for polluted air livestock. the out it clearly the animals bear a share of responsibility for the problem of this farm operate sustainably but whenever you buy cheap meat from a conventional factory farm you're making a decisive contribution to the creation of atmospheric particulates matter. how was that possible life felt explains the following distinction primary particulate

matter is. directly into the atmosphere when matter created for example by ty aware stove or engine combustion decomposes into smaller particles secondary particulate matter is formed by chemical processes in the air. ammonia for example which is skates from farm in your combines with other substances to form particulate molecules some of these substances carcinogenic and small enough to enter the gas exchange regions of the lung the alveoli and the blood strain. as if if attentive i believe the german environment agency is a figure of 5 percent is too low. 70 percent of fine particulate matter is formed in the atmosphere it isn't released in some way and dust is formed chemically. you could put it in been livestock manure is spread as fertilizer in the fields and the ammonia it contains escapes into the atmosphere only or so escapes from the stables

and particulate matter is formed when ammonia combines with nitrogen oxides from road traffic being. laid felt alarming conclusion some 40 percent of all the fine particulate matter in germany is generated by agriculture and above all by factory farming. ammonia gas from farm in your blankets the ground and reacts among other things with nitrogen oxides from traffic to form ammonium nitrate in the atmosphere it may become arsenic genic high ammonia levels are produced in northwestern germany a center of industrial animal farming west winds carry the gas across the country meat production is a key industry in germany could that be why there's so little public debate about agriculture is role in generating particulate matter. madeon victim and feel big agrees with the film's assessment. that beard if i start if we want to tackle

the problem of particulates matter we need to see fewer wood burning stoves less livestock farming or cutting emissions from livestock farming less ammonia that would that would reduce so-called secondary particulates matter and would really bring relief to a large part of the population and we could meet the stricter threshold values. that would significantly reduce particulate matter pollution across germany and not just in large cities. as our own this is not just about guaranteeing every person's right to clean air. it's also about making clean air economically viable people call in sick to work they have chronic diseases none of that is factored into the equation instead short term economic interests are given precedence without a real evaluation of the health liabilities and their related costs so you know.

the problem and b. and particulate matter missed it by wood stoves in agriculture is compounded in cities by traffic. attic in that matter and nitrogen oxides accumulated hot spots on heavily trafficked roads in so-called street canyons or at railway stations and this is especially true in the winter months when temperature inversion traps polluted any of the ground. barbara hoffman is an environmental at the to me ologist who's evaluated studies on air pollution involving tens of thousands of participants. their findings are surprising. their out of hours it's not really tricky of course it's the drivers who are sitting in a cabin that are exposed to the highest levels foghorn is all there and when riding a bicycle even if you can only distance yourself from heavy traffic by a few meters or take a road parallel to the main road the exposure is already significantly lower

beutler is going up. 65 cities in germany regularly exceed limits for nitrogen oxide emissions produced by diesel vehicles the values are particularly high in munich stuttgart and cologne. e.u. environment commissioner common avella to germany and 5 other countries to court. some of the pm complains to be. in 2000. and 5 and no 2 complains for to be in 2010 so i think we've waited a long time and we cannot possibly wait and the longer we cannot have plans. which are telling us that this might be some time even after 2021 after 2025 don't so these were the main reasons. the most effective way to rapidly cut nitrogen oxide pollution is to ban diesel cars from

roads with the government dragging its feet the organization environmental action germany began suing the 65 affected cities to force them to stay within the e.u. pollution limits the 1st verdict was handed down and in early june 2800 became the 1st german city force to take action by an administrative court. just one lot over the state of north rhine-westphalia it was now take all necessary measures to ensure that a complies with the limits of nitrogen dioxide by september 1st 2019 of the skittish however the court has made it clear that it considers a bone and diesel driving to be the only suitable measure to ensure compliance with this limit. so there's now a 98 percent likelihood that a burn and driving diesel cars will be imposed. 3 weeks later in late june 28th in an administrative court in stuttgart also ruled in favor of driving bans.

the state government complied banning diesel cars from all roads in stuttgart from january the 1st 2019 and not just on selected drugs like in hamburg or as planned in berlin. the ban applies to cars made to euro 4 standard and older. service and we wouldn't be discussing driving bans today have cars were as clean as they're supposed to be manufacturers had used cheating software but installed suitable hardware would be complying with air quality standards for both nitrogen oxides and particular matter. if all the affected. cities introduced driving bans at least $1300000.00 diesel drivers would be impacted tallness cause is an advisor to federal ministries he doesn't see driving bands as a necessity. for him out of our mind i've always appealed for patience the values will continue to improve and reach targets across the board even in stuttgart and

munich through france are common how can short cut our communication. argues that diesel technology is indispensable if all vehicles were replaced by vehicles with better exhaust technology it would be more environmentally friendly than scrapping older vehicles just because of their high emissions on it or whom version or more that hunger in. this folks wagon percent has a diesel engine that's banned instructor. excellent into the diesel engine is a feat of engineering and no nation masters this technology better than we do in germany german engineers did an incredible job here even if there are some things that weren't criticism in total it's an excellent engineering achievement for the engineers. call heads the reciprocating engines institute at the council institute of technology his team studies engine emissions and alternative fuels kok believes

the diesel engine has been demonized in a pollution debate he doesn't condone manufacturers use of fraudulent software to cheat emissions tests but he blames policy makers for setting road traffic pollution limits at a time when they were technologically unattainable. not out of butter though this whole business was a bust as a sober. order of developers faced an impossible task either they had high levels of particulate matter and low levels of nitrogen oxides or high levels of nitrogen oxides in low levels of particulate matter by. when you couldn't achieve low levels of both at the same time that only became possible with exhaust aftertreatment technology but it was a generally known fact that in reality vehicles were emitting far more than the utopian limit of 180 milligrams kilometer. simle tiny asli cutting

particulate matter and nitrogen oxides wasn't technically feasible 10 years ago in days or engines combustion occurs at a particularly high temperature generating a lot of nitrogen oxides in fact the particulate filter in diesel cars relies on not trippin dioxide to prevent clogging the gas converts the carbon sort into not trick oxide and c o 2 these exhaust gases when filtered. detention engineers have been in this in grazing where they have to decide which factors to prioritize you know in their t.v. for and because they could only reduce an engine's nitrogen oxide emissions at the cost of all other operational parameters engineers refrain from optimizing nitrogen oxide output notation close up to me other. mechanical engineers have only been able to comply with threshold regulations since the development of selective catalytic reduction technology it uses your rear to also remove nitrogen oxides

today thomas call sees the diesel engine on the hunt stretch of an idiot the diesel engine will be needed for years to come have patience the emissions problem is resolved we mustn't demonize diesel. but it will take years to upgrade ultra diesel vehicles on germany's roads with the new technology. affected cities need to act and they need traffic managers because vehicles generate less pollution when they move in them when they're stopped in traffic jams stockcar is looking to technology for help it's installed fill. around a measuring station and make it all the location the clocks up the worst air pollution in germany yohannes sterner and patrick little are in charge of the pilot project. mini conference with installed filters on a 350 meter stretch along the road toward the last one is back there at the car

dealership put off on a sign by. all the holes in all 17 columns of stock filter clubs are set up to reduce the load of particulate pollution so we're getting. more than 40 measures a listed in stuttgart clean air and action plan by those whose own father borders in the debate on introducing driving bans we had politicians and industry representatives saying why didn't you do this why didn't you do that to avert a driving ban. so we heard about particle filters being installed in other cities and vehicles equipped with filters and even if we're not entirely convinced about the effectiveness of such measures we say if it's not nonsense let's give it a go or beyond that there's always so we need to show we're using the means at our disposal to clean the air we're open to suggestions but we won't fall for useless hocus pocus and explain. this specialist hope they can persuade stuttgart

authorities to install particle filter systems like this one on top of cars in city traffic. for their votes for them to find shall we filter particulate matter in the books. on the fans turn in the air you can feel it here is drawn through the filter if i can show you something else here we have installed a filter solution for the break. it filters particulate matter directly at the source. of these break filters could be installed in any vehicle cars trucks but also buses for example it's generated a lot of interesting things before start. the engine is a seeking to install the system on. small trucks trains and buses this car also measures particulate matter in the environment during our entire test drive in stuttgart the values exceeded the legal limit. even in neighborhoods at higher elevations. you fit in with the rooftop filter removes both 80

percent of particulate matter is fine stops a horse and the brake filter on the front axle all certainly was about 80 percent of particulate matter generated by brake wear. but filters can only clean the air that passes through them they can only fight the symptoms not the causes of pollution and they don't remove nitrogen oxides at all for now reducing the number of diesel vehicles appears to be the only solution. then good on the mix and if in the space of a year we discover our attachments are measurements that we're still a long way from meeting legal threshold values then well prepared to introduce driving restrictions for euro 5 vehicles in 2020. recent court rulings have put the government under pressure it's asked carmakers to offer trade in incentives to customers who scrap all the diesels the measures being criticized as

a stimulus plan for the auto industry rather than a solution to pollution from the unfortunate here german car makers are offering attractive premiums for the w. for example $6000.00 euro's v.w. the v.w. group $48000.00 or so $5000.00 euros an average litter of dollars more on the german government also wants to introduce compulsory hardware fixes far older diesel cars as a buy we're still talking to manufacturers about hardware retrofitting here still and one manufacturer said it will pay 80 percent of the conversion process so we're talking about the remaining 20 percent down off the restaurants want to put a tent. the. centers only apply in 14 of germany's 65 polluted cities but it's unclear whether they will be implemented to date no manufacturer has agreed to pay retrofit costs so what can be done until the egg gets cleaner barbara hoffman at university hospital dusseldorf says hiding in your apartment is not the

solution up polish activity physical activity whether it's running or cycling or whatever and it's one of the most important protective measures we know when your carry protects against a variety of diseases. and the positive effects far outweigh the damage caused by inhaling air pollutants in front of touched off a fair bit of the view in any case it is definitely advisable to ride a bike instead of sitting in a car or about on fire and longer hope but then you should avoid riding along main roads by taking side roads where pollution levels are lower and. last and of course everyone can try to avoid exposure at peak traffic hours. but what you can't avoid is general exposure there we have no control over what we inhale by. air pollution is rather like radioactivity

it's invisible and it takes decades before its effects show up. flights to measure air pollution have given physicist your slowly felt a different perspective. he and his colleagues study air samples taken at high altitudes the air pollution which we don't even notice on the ground is visible from the aircraft window. you can see how the visibility is that air pollution these are not clouds. but the haze over frankfurt or other cities is not a local phenomenon it's a large scale phenomenon egbert people in germany are exposed to this evolution on a daily basis. if you're exposed to this pollution for a longer period of time diseases well developed. together with other

scientists your slowly filters calculated that 7000000 people worldwide die prematurely from air pollution every year in germany the figure is probably 50000 lifestyle diseases caused by obesity smoking and alcohol abuse remain the biggest health hazard but air pollution poses the greatest environmental threat to global health. i advise everyone to look out of an airplane window from down here you can see how dirty the air is but if you look down from up half you see very clearly a movie on their knees and when you realize that it's very sad your breathing in and out more than 10000 times a day and it's clear that the air really needs to be clean if you want to live a healthy life is in this name to american machine for like it's possible that we're on the right track at pollution has decreased slightly but we're still

a long way from eating clean air targets a lot more needs to be done. kidnapped from the. rates taken to secret prisons most elevating a trace tortured. in turkey this is the fate of many comments of the government among those detained is mustafa. his wife has been trying for months to find him she is fighting for his release for something that is still in my.

20 minutes on the w. . here france dear antonia dear cecilia this is obvious and as i'm sitting on a terrace in twilight it's peaceful my 3 grandchildren sleep on trouble and that's when i was 8 trances in germany was split in 2 and remain divided for decades and it was my given among your mother was born in 1969 the world was already 8 years old you know my grandchildren were born after the wall fell born in a rain of fire germany a wonderful time a time of great joy. 3 generations of one family on a journey through recent german history. with. the

bush family and us starts november 6th on do you w. . this is the obvious coming to you live from berlin. and dozens die in a train inferno in pakistan bassam just is still a few others breakfast was being prepared on the moving train we go live to islamabad for the very latest also coming up. a violent crackdown by south african police and refugees and asylum seekers in cape town they were counting outside

a u.n. building demanding they be moved to other countries ultra cities of xenophobic attacks.