the as. this is news coming to you live from berlin turning a spotlight on the past germany begins a week of celebrations to mark the fall of the berlin wall 3 decades ago with events taking place across the capital and. we speak to ordinary people whose lives were changed by the events of 30 years ago including 2 women spied on by the east german secret police. force a coming up to brazil's disastrous or in spite of the government feels the cost of cleaning it up will ground into the billions and it's still not clear who is

responsible. and why this man is collecting elephant dung in south africa a clue to make a drink that's often taken with a tonic and slice of lemon the. color of a warm welcome to you i'm on the thought she. first of it is have kicked off here in germany to mark the fall of the bull in wall kirti years ago on the 9th of november 1989 is germany's communist regime lifted strictures on its citizens leaving them feature travel to the west for the 1st time in nearly 30 years all this week events are taking place across the capital to mark the moment that changed history. history flashed before their eyes as thousands returned to

prelims iconic aleksandr plots to mark their moment that would help change the city and the country forever. we want to make it possible to relive what happened back then and also the developments since then the road doesn't always been smooth over the last 30 years but we succeeded at something we can live together without a wall in peace and freedom in feeding on fire. on november 4th 1909 more than half a 1000000 protesters descended on the square staging what would become the largest demonstration in the history of east germany led by some of its most prominent intellectuals they rose up to demand more freedom. is is. this is if someone has pushed open the window. after years of intellectual economic and political stock a nation good trial for the. years reeking of apathy 4

years of double speak and bureaucratic despotism. what. if. the communist regime had rapidly and publicly lost all support but even then no one predicted that just 5 days later the berlin wall would fall. this week the spirit of the peaceful revolution once more lights up the city like this giant wave of colorful streamers at the brandenburg gate carrying messages of hope for the future written by germans. over the coming days the city will celebrate the anniversary with more than $200.00 events exhibitions and artworks culminating with the ceremony at the berlin wall memorial on saturday. joining me now is the key lead the u.s. team in the negev that brought about the reunification of germany after the fall of the bun and war of a well we'll continue this is

a look 1st for tell me what's going through your mind as we approach this historic on a bus or a well there's a rush of memories about the the people have been in the people of east germany and the excitement of west germany but also the part that i was involved with was to try to deal with the international context you had the challenges of the old for power rights after world war 2 you had 380000 soviet troops so the challenge at that time was how to mesh what was happening on the ground with the international politics and we come to that challenge in just a moment for many of the form of the bulletin was it came as a complete and utter surprise did you see it coming you could start to tell in 89 that there was a movement to gorbachev and open possibilities the east german regime was shaky the exact prediction of when a wall would open was an accidental event of course so no one knew that for sure but you could tell that the ground was shaking they used to box in the negotiations

leading to jim these reunification the so-called 2 plus 4 talks what was the most crucial part of that process and the challenges that you talked about. well while people in berlin understandably and people across germany are focused on uniting of people from the east and west what has to keep in mind this was occurring in a larger context of stirrings in the rest of central and eastern europe changes in the soviet union and so one had to embed the unification of germany within the unification of europe and the key aspect of cliff do go ahead to go ahead to say so the key aspect of that was the success of the federal public of germany over 40 years and cold war had been its link to european integration and the trans-atlantic community through nato so at the same time we wanted to try to support germans and keep the promise for unification we want to do it in a way that would also reassured neighbors both east and west and so that the

challenge was how to integrate it with what became the european union and to keep a united germany in nato that wasn't so easy given the history of the sold war cold war with the soviet union i don't want that or this clear to us governments that germany should be and could be of united one day well that was the wonderful part the united states said had a promise to the german people you'd side in the berlin airlift in 4849 you saw it with the opening of the wall in 61 and kennedy's coming but the exact prediction of what could happen no one could know president bush actually in may so well 5 months before started to talk about the possibility of german unification so there was an interest in trying to support an ally but also do it in a way that build a future partnership and this is that it touching as after the fall of kabul and what this still is some degree of ambiguity about beautification especially and for my east germany what do you feel assessment. well i know if you could see it at the

time that was going to take at least a generation of change i actually drove through the eastern lender in 1902 with my wife just to get a feel for feelings on the ground i know a lot of the young people sort of came to the west but i guess one way of thinking about this in international context is compared with the people of hong kong or the people of syria this was a movement on the ground but fortunately it had the support of its international partners and it creates an opportunity for people for the future so you know history never is totally solved there's no end to history one has to keep working on these issues but it create an opportunity for the people of germany but equally important the people of europe and their connection in the transatlantic community robinson to thank you very much for talking to debbie on this important anniversary as the approach the 30th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall great to have your insights and your perspective congratulations now one of the most dreaded aspects of life in communist east germany was the secret police the stasi

it spied on cozzens of citizens many had no idea what information the stasi had gathered about them until ghastly to when their files been made available to the public we caught up with 2 women whose lives were changed by stasi and who still feel the effects today. this is the building where they used to live. when the 2 secretaries lived here in the younger years spies from the stasi used germany's secret police most of them through the kitchen window. but then the tree was smaller i was even busy do you see people from the stasi standing there no as for me i just recently read about it. we never would have thought of such a thing. no i don't think so either. they read about it in the stasi

files a couple of 100 pages of intercepted letters private mail and official correspondence and most of all reports from spies including the layout of loners aber and zilker all files floods. at 7 am on april 30th 1980 observation of residence was undertaken to list the kitchen light was on and the window was half open and about 15 minutes later the light was turned off and save on left the flat alone she walked in the direction of the summer he touched us a subway station a zoo mother had someone looked into my life and i had no idea about it this is made me feel very uncomfortable for years i didn't want to have anything to do with it i didn't even want to read the file on the news as a star was there. but i have to live with it. in my experience you always get through life better if you can live with the situation with that.

they wanted to leave east germany they had applied for exit visas it was here that they were subjected to hours of interrogation they never wanted to set foot in this place again. well let's just go and you have to go back to the place of horror. but i have a really bad bottle a feeling really bad i could just cry then do it. now. to this day they feel humiliated by the tone used in the interrogations. through the system here. this is. so is a greeting it was like can see right away that your son is not only that of you better watch out don't even cross the street the wrong way we are everywhere just huge threats with you. that was more than 30 years ago on the anniversary of the

fall of the berlin wall the stasi documentation authority made the files accessible fallen ilona zabel speak publicly about what happened there explain to young germans why they risked their lives to leave east germany. i wanted out and i didn't want anyone to tell me who has the right to decide where i live even if it were social or whatever but we didn't want that and at that age you're also brave enough to do it as much as most does he even somehow never getting out or only to a couple of countries that it was decided i could go to i never agreed to that i had said before that i wasn't happy with that and then i thought you know i just want out of here i want freedom he said if i had but at some stage it all petered out both women withdrew their exit visa applications. to pastor and that allowed her to travel alone as a boy had a baby and was allowed to go to the west after all. and all this week we had each

of you will be bringing you special coverage and reports on the events which led to the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago as well as stories of individuals as we just heard. let me not bring you up to date but some of the stories making news around the world the european court of justice has ruled that poland broke the law by lowering the retirement age of judges the european commission had challenged the polish law alleging it undermined the judiciary's independence a polish government cannot appoint its own choice of judges to replace those overtire. iran's president hassan rouhani says his country is to take another step towards violating the 2015 and nuclear deal that limited its nuclear program technicians will begin injecting gas at centrifuges that enrich uranium iran started backing away from the deal after the us bijou and imposed sanctions. the

u.s. has formally notified the united nations that it is pulling out of the paris climate agreement president trump announced the move 2 years ago but monday was the 1st day the process could actually start the u.s. is the only country to quit the deal turning now to brazil where the sand oil spill off the northeast coast is one of the biggest environmental disasters ever to hit the country or has been washing up for months now with nearly $300.00 beaches hit but president jad both scenario has warned that the worst is yet to come. it's one of the worst oil spills in brazil's history but one that's hard to fully assess from the air or by satellite brazilian authorities say it's impossible to tell how much oil is likely to come ashore and no one's sure who's responsible brazilian president says it's the fault of a greek fly coil tanker and he's asked interpol to investigate but also now are removed environmental safeguards. they say stablish. executive

order in april got rid of several 100 of those committees in all for their work. and one of those committees was exactly the committee to deal with. oil spills now brazil's coastal ecosystems its beaches coral a marine life have been devastated. by sea life won't be able to flourish and grow like it's always been able to and it affects the food chain it's a community of land and sea species here this is a disaster this oil cannot be allowed to remain. free to the cleanup effort is enormous including government authorities the military and thousands of volunteers because it has to be over $300.00 beaches

along 2000 kilometers of coastline must be cleared of crude oil but this disaster with this kind of oil it can't be detected by satellite has never happened before in brazil or in fact anywhere in the world or. brazil now has multiple environmental disasters playing out at once fires in the amazon a burst toxic mining dam. and now this. tens of thousands of people have taken again to the streets of the chilean capital santiago to demand better social services and an end to inequality the demonstrations began last month after the government announced a hike in subway fares the government accuses the protesters of damaging the economy but the critics say far too few chileans are benefiting from the country's for asperity. sirens tear gas and water cannon tensions once again fled into violent clashes between police and protesters

in santiago. the demonstrations have entered the 3rd week of a metro fares has grown into protests over income inequality and poor public services. clashes between police and protesters have left 20 people dead the government's response is i'm good for those demanding change. where protesting against the system in general above all against the problems in the neoliberal system here in chile we have reached a crisis and have noticed that the system cannot handle it anymore you know i actually was considered a latin american success story but economic growth has been accompanied by rising inequality and in social spending. thousands took to the streets on monday to protest against the pension system they say is leaving people short changed.

their word again this government wants to maintain the current pension system. for us this is insulting it's a provocation and that's why people are so angry. there's rally to highlight student debt which is crippling the finances of university graduates. not being able to pay and having to do without things to save money and it's never ending in a source of distress. fueled by a sense of injustice the protests show no sign of abating. you're watching the news coming up ahead. why is this man collecting elephant dung in south africa well it's got something to do with something elegant cocktease in the pot as the sun goes down. but for us for decades scientists have been predicting really a would soon win the war on cancer but progress has been stubborn be slow and

that's because a cancer diagnosis often comes too late when the tumor is already well advanced such a major conference on the topic in glasgow in scotland early detection is on top of the agenda. breast cancer is often diagnosed through my ma graphy but mammograms are often far from conclusive experts have hotly debated whether large scale screening with the high tech method is the best way to detect the disease and it's early most treatable stages in the race to improve early prediction oncologists have been looking for biomarkers and blood that indicate the likelihood of developing a wide range of cancers before they break out earlier this year in an announcement criticized by some a team in germany presented a marketable blood test for breast cancer it's india india and it's about liquid biopsy liquid biopsied means we are determining a diagnosis via body fluids it may lead blood. einen boot

we now have a blood test that enables us to find out whether there is an indication for a little lift and he or the opposite will be i did he see that there's no indication of ilya's. now in glasgow new methods in the field where showcased that pushed the boundaries even further one of them as a blood test that might one day predict breast cancer up to 5 years before patients begin to show clinical signs another serving 50000 patients looked at predicting possible risk in ovarian cancer and the earlier the diagnosis the better the chance patients can be healed. and for a while i'm not joined by one of the authors of that study involving ovarian cancer got funston who's at cambridge university welcome dr feinstein sim can you explain to us the potential benefits of blot test in diagnosing ovarian cancer.

yes so blood of. potentially a very cheap quick. simple way to detect cancer early in patients. the results of our study looked up to the use of one blood test called c a one to 5 to detect very in concert or in women with symptoms of come through such as blood thinning pin and we find it was a very useful test to help doctors identify the becomes or not group now until now screening for ovarian cancer hasn't been entirely accurate so do blood tests schauble promise screening is is a big challenge it's very difficult to use a simple blood test to pick up accounts or screening focuses on patients with new symptoms or researchers focus on something slightly different we've looked at women

with nonspecific very big symptoms of possible of our own concert such as blue thing and we've used the test in the patients and we find it's very useful so that does sound promising but based on your research how reliable the tests in detecting cancer. so it varies on the type of tests used very very much. the tests we studied which is is currently used in the u.k. and some other countries. it picks up around percent all of our encounters it doesn't make them all up new task is ever going to be part of the picks up around 80 percent of those cancers and there's always been the hope for a long time that simple but effective blood tests would be available one day why has it taken so long. it takes a long time to bring a blood test from laboratory where its 1st creates is new ideas are developed

always 3 to using them in patient care the majority of new. biomarkers you see on the new used the new c. reports it will never make it to the patient so this requires decades of research some times to shew that these tests were there affective and that we can use them in patients without causing harm that's a long process but it's really important a necessary process right got funds to the cancer research at cambridge university thank you very much for sharing your expertise with us and. now this is a majestic animal and elephant elephants produce huge amounts of something that's not quite so majestic poop elephant dung is use for many things from fertilizers to fuel but now a south african couple has found a new and very novel use for it as our correspondent reports.

let's now this lady is always good to see people's reactions while preparing his stint tasty after all in the oval is no ordinary gin it's flavored with elephants back. up. the yard is a little bit funny to think that that was elephant dung but it's it's good surprisingly good something definite if you didn't expect so you know. what makes me relax or feel better about it is all the alcohol of that sterilizes whatever that was inside the down side doesn't really make a big difference to me it tastes good. less ensley and his wife paula gave a special ingredients for their gin in south africa but the scope gave words if. and there is some danger involved pride of lions watch this with bated breath by.

the 2 former academics came up with the idea while i suffer now they're in business . terms of grass and leaves his love is low the very. it's because the the elephant they eat all the all this amazing food and they digest so little and the rest of their food is just posh right through their digestive system very quickly and ends up on the on the felt floor indeed that doesn't smell to bet. still the pocket injures are just getting used to seeing people collect elephant feces. it's there for you a little bit would like to. somehow oh. yes yes. that's. where we collected about just over 3 of the size banks.

and this will be. what we have about. $4000.00 bottles $6000.00 bottles which will hopefully get out of the elephant feces get washed and dried the workshop then it gets steeped in gin for 24 hours just like it back the final product is a premium gin for more than 30 euros per bottle it's a clear success for the gin distillers. it's been crazy so it was it started off as maybe we could do this is a part time thing but we very soon realize if we wanted to make it successful and if we if you wanted to grow the business and it had to be a full time job so forth for 2 of us it's a full time job. the spirit makers now hope that the elephant dung infused will claim a permanent place on the shelves of south africa stores and pops. i

personally do really like the taste and it seems a lot of people here are agreeing with me on that you just need to sort of not really think about what ingredient is in the air you will not a drink for the faint hearted you're watching the news here's a recap of the top stories that we're following for you germany has begun a week of celebrations of marking the fall of the berlin board 30 years ago on november the 9th $989.00 artists projected images onto buildings in the capital as part of a series of events to remember and commemorate the occasion. and authorities in brazil say and always spill off the northeast coast is one of the biggest environmental disasters ever to hit the country oil has been washing up for months now with nearly $300.00 beaches hit for president. has warned that the worst is yet to come. you're watching the news coming to you live from but in our next hour

documentary series close up look so get your grade student movement to save the planet and don't forget lots more on our website dot com i'm not that shima the president has any.

more and more young people are striking to save the planet and we're the people who would like to keep living on this planet and if we don't save the planet now it'll be too late just how does a 16 year old organize a europe wide climate congress how does that leave time for school in france we accompanied 3 young kleiman activists. close up next d.w. .

to run tony oh dear cecilia themselves as a muslim i'm sitting on the terrace in twilight it's peaceful my 3 grandchildren straight one trauma that's. when i was 8 transitions in germany was split in 2 and remain divided for a decade and. given the months when your mother was born in 1069. the woman is already 8 years old you know my grandchildren who were born after the war felt born in a very confined to a wonderful time a time of great joy. 3 generations one family on a journey through recent german history. of this. darkness

has fallen and it's still peaceful and they have remained so for your sakes my grandchildren. the birth of her family. starts to member 60 on t.w. . yes we want to survive on this planet if we don't say that now it will be too late if the space for over a year young people the world over have been organizing school strikes demanding immediate action to stop climate change. the star of the movement sailed across the atlantic to take her message to the u.s. but not every.