phoring from climate change unless we change the way we live and the way we think at the same time u.s. presidents have started the one year process of taking the u.s. out of the paris climate agreement now watch the calendar here the withdrawal is in nov 2021 day after the us presidential election tonight the fight against climate change and both on the ballot and for those $11000.00 scientists the decision could not be clear i burned off in berlin this is the day. i announced the withdrawal of the united states from the heart of costly one sided powers climate accord we regret that you asked. him to withdraw from the very agreement. we believe that climate change is

a common challenge faced by all of mankind. and ask them how they're doing in paris with their. 2 good visit going it alone is not a good decision for anyone and he's not possible for everyone and it's the root of future conflict. we hope that the us can take on more responsibility and make more constructive contributions to the process of multilateral cooperation instead of adding negativity is. also coming up this week 30 years ago the berlin wall began crumbling exposing east germany's vast web of lies betrayal and deception made possible by the secret police. at 7 am on april 30th 1900 observations of residents must undertake this month has someone looked into my life and i had no idea. this

is made me feel very uncomfortable. to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin the day with a dire warning from scientists about climate change a warning based on evidence versus a campaign promise from u.s. president trump a promise based on a calculation of how best to keep the president's base this week the trump administration gave notice to the united nations that the u.s. is exiting the paris climate agreement the world's richest economy and biggest polluter has become the only nation to read neg on the only international plan designed to stop global warming the paris agreement is not binding it does not require a country to spend taxpayer money and yet that is how the us president has always described the united states will withdraw from the paris. climate

a court but begin negotiations to re enter either the paris accord or in really entirely new transaction when terms that are fair to the united states its businesses its workers its people its taxpayers so it getting out. of america's exit will become final in november of next year 1 day after the us presidential election timing is very relevant here this weekend's the us started its withdrawal of in 1000 science has declared a climate emergency predicting untold suffering unless we change our pursuit of limitless wealth and growth with no wind the world always watches the u.s. presidential election closely because of its global impact but the events of this week give even more weight to a way action day next november. well

a republican strategist and former advisor to u.s. president donald trump has gone on trial in washington accused of obstructing justice roger stone was investigated as part of the special counsel probe into russian meddling in the 2016 american elections in case the insides with the impeachment inquiry against president trump is taking place in the u.s. house of representatives. like few other political operatives in u.s. history roger stone revels in attention whether it's good or bad. oh i think 1st it was. a veteran republican strategist whose career goes back more than 40 years roger stone counts former u.s. presidents ronald reagan and richard nixon among his clients his affinity for nixon

apparently strong enough for him to get this permanent reminder his ties with donald trump also go back decades in the eighty's stone turned trump the entrepreneur into a major donor for reagan's campaign and saw in him a potential contender for the white house. i have great affection for trump and the trump family i have wanted him to run for president since 1980 but while dirty tricks and prince of darkness are among the kind of names his critics used to describe him stowe now faces a new one convicted felon indicted by special counsel robert muller who was investigating russian interference in the 2016 campaign stone was charged on several counts. the central question. tipped off the trump campaign that the wiki leaks website was about to publish hacked e-mails supplied by russian spies as possible coordinated campaign to think trump's

democratic rival hillary clinton i was not guilty of these charges and i will defeat them or i was at least this is a politically motivated investigation the ruling class is found guilty of political provocateurs could now face jail in the style they say hi low profile trial is set to test roger stone's long held theory that any publicist is good publicity. this week germany is celebrating 30 years since the fall of the berlin wall on nov 9th 1909 east germany's communist regime lifted travel restrictions on its citizens allowing them to cross into the west for some it meant finally being able to escape the long arm of east germany's secret police the stasi and the stasi consisted of

visual and not so official associates who spied on hundreds of thousands of citizens many had no idea that the stasi had collected information about the men till years later when their secret police files were made public that brings us to the story of 2 women that the stasi was able what the stars he was able to do to their lives as had all kinds of impacts then and even today. fall under luna's aber visit the building where they used to live. when the 2 secretaries lived here in their younger years spies from the stars he used germany's secret police monitor them through the kitchen window. but then the tree was smaller i was even dizzy to see people from the stars he standing there you know as for me i just recently read about it. we never would have thought of

such a thing all this no i don't think so either. they read about it in the stasi files a couple of 100 pages of intercepted letters private mail and official correspondence and most of all reports from spies including the layout of the loners aber and zuko all files flat. at 7 am on april 30th 1900 observations of residence was undertaken for this the kitchen light was on and the window was half open and about 15 minutes later when the light was turned off and left the flat alone she walked in the direction of the summer he touched us a subway station is a month has someone looked into my life and i had no idea about it this is made me feel very uncomfortable for years i didn't want to have anything to do with it i didn't even want to read the file on the news this is what's there. but i have to live with it. in my experience you always get through life better if you can live

with the situation. with no hope that. they wanted to leave east germany they had applied for exit visas it was here that they were subjected to hours of interrogation they never wanted to set foot in this place again well let's just go and you have to go back to the place of her. but i have a really bad bottle a feeling really bad i could just cry then do it. now. to this day they feel humiliated by the tone used in the interrogations. through the system here. in this it is. so is a greeting it was like can see right away that you're slung over not only is out of the you better watch out don't even cross the street the wrong way we are

everywhere just huge threats nothing at all. that was more than 30 years ago when the university of the full of the berlin wall the stasi documentation authority made the files accessible still kill file him alone as a best speak publicly about what happened there explain to young germans why they risked their lives to leave east germany. dubose i wanted out and i didn't want anyone to tell me who has the right to decide where i live even if it were social or whatever but we didn't want that and at that age you're also brave enough to do it as much as most does he even knew somehow never getting out or only to a couple of countries that it was decided i could go to i never agreed to that i had said before that i wasn't happy with that and then i thought you know i just want out of here i want freedom is that if i had but at some stage it will be to doubt both women withdrew their exit visa applications. to pasta and that's allowed

her to travel alone as a ba had a baby and was allowed to go to the west after all. why after the berlin wall fell in 1992 she ations known as the 2 plus 4 treaty talks resulted in the reunification of germany in just under a year of that historic change was part of an agreement between the 2 germany's eastern west plus the 4 former occupying powers following world war 2 the soviet union the us france and. robert zoellick led the u.s. team in those 2 pause for negotiations we spoke with him earlier today here in berlin. robert zoellick in 1989 most people said that the full of the book in will came as a complete surprise. not the exact opening of the wall which i think was an accidental occurrences historians have have now uncovered but in from the start of $89.00 when

i was with secretary baker over at the state department the ground was shifting in part because of the changes that gorbachev and least in part because of the failures of the east german regime in part because of the courage of people in east germany in the demonstrations so you knew that you had to be able to respond to the changes and there were some steps that we started taking earlier in $89.00 with conventional forces and changes in nato to do that to be prepared to work with germany as a partner whatever came in that was fortunate you took part in the process of bringing the 2 geminis together what was the united states main role in that well i think historians will agree the us was the strongest supporter of west germany in this and we were fortunate our publics were not anxious about german democracy in fact you know they there was a sense of among the american public that of course germans would want to unite and that allowed us to play a role with nato with the changes in dealing with the soviet union with the sort of

c.f.c. process what i described is in a sense a moving circus of sort of different aspects that had to be changed on the international side to allow germany to unite from the perspective of today was german unification handled well was it too much take over and not enough. i really don't think there was an option and you know one also has to keep in mind germany had 40 years west germany had 4 years of international commitments if you had started to create a new germany all of a sudden you would have had to redo all those so if you like brett said. you would have liked that so i think there really wasn't an option of that and frankly i think one chance or coal over the lot of foresight sort of used the elections in i believe march of 90 to sort of have the choice of the east german people that was the key decider now what for flowed from that in some ways understandably the

people of the eastern states you know had been under 40 years of communist control a lot of younger people entrepreneurial people moved to the west's beforehand the industries were not really that productive so it was going to take at least a generation or transition but i frankly i'm always pleased when i meet people from east germany who have lived a totally different life now because of that experience they're often the younger ones so one has to help people perhaps my generation that had a harder time making the change but it's great to see the freedom that people now have and any lessons from german unification for all the world of today and tomorrow well there's a lot of lessons i mean one was at the same time we were trying to keep a 40 year promise to the german people we really also wanted to build a partnership for the future and we believe that united germany would be the most influential country in what we knew would be an integrated europe and we wanted to have germany is a good partner so i look with some concern at what i consider to be the drift away

or even alienation between the 2 countries there's another big picture though that could be useful for the iran's of north korea's which is that when people try to just deal with the nuclear weapons and sanctions alone i think they missed the fact that a case like german unification required changes in the conventional forces that change the required and economic dimension of required human rights to mention that required. changes in sort of the short range nuclear forces the changes in c.s. c.e. so you had this multiple ring circus and i think frankly to deal with countries like iran and north korea you're going to need a. multi-dimensional approach robert zoellick thank you so much pleasure. that was robert so they're speaking with g.w. so i'm young earlier today all this week t w will be bringing you special coverage and reports on the events which led to the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago. on one extrude mizzen social media spying both part of what is known as digital authoritarianism

and they're threatening democracy around the world that's the message from this year's report on global freedom published by the u.s. watchdog freedom house my colleague is here now to talk about that report what are the main takeaways from the report basically this year's report said that for the 4th year in the row freedom on the internet is on the decline worldwide basically the report pointed to 2 sources which you just kind of mentioned right there based on the one side we have online extremists basically extremist groups attempting to hijack a public display of discourse and debate online and attempt to take into a new kind of anti democratic direction and on the other side you also have individual governments and also government agencies using the potential of social media to spy on their own citizens and how exactly are political extremists taking advantage of social media well i mean basically everyone is kind of seen in the recent years i mean starting in 2016 there's been this onslaught of fake news of propaganda of distortions online especially in the homes of social media and

basically it allows these these radical groups to kind of hijack the public discourse and taken to a completely new direction basically they distort the views in the opinions of people online in an attempt to kind of make them think that the middle of the society is somewhere else and you know often we kind of point the finger and say this is an international problem it's coming from countries like russia like iran like china but what is actually interesting is the report indicated that a full 93 percent of internet users are targeted by these campaigns and they're not coming from abroad they're coming from internal actors within a country focusing on their own populate. and you know we hear all the time about when we go online no matter what we do our actions they are being recorded and talking about social media surveillance year is big brother is it a serious threat or becoming one well it certainly is and i think most people especially here in europe are very conscious about the information that's that they're putting out online typically they seem to think that it's mostly corporations that are actually keeping track of them but the report indicated this

year that actually increasingly governments and individual government agencies are tracking people more and more basically they gain access to a lot of technology that was developed for the war on terror and the war against drugs and they're using that in a in a kind of an unregulated fashion targeting journalists targeting you know demonstrators targeting activists and well you could say well i have nothing to hide so what's the problem but really this is having a chilling effect when it comes to the public discourse which is really kind of something that the entire internet is based on you never know what's going to be done with the information even if you don't have any things actually hi aaron as always thank you thank you. and the oil spill off the northeast coast of brazil could be one of the country's biggest environmental disasters or oil has been washing up for months now with nearly $300.00 beaches hit but president. has warned the worst is yet to come. it's one of the worst oil spills in brazil's history but one that's hard to

fully assess from the air or by satellite brazilian authorities say it's impossible to tell how much oil is likely to come ashore and no one's sure who's responsible brazilian president says it's the fault of a greek flag oil tanker and he's asked interpol to investigate but also now are removed environmental safeguards so they say stablish. executive order in april got rid of several 100 of those committees in all further ormont. and one of those committees was exactly the committee to deal with. oil spills now brazil's coastal ecosystems its beaches coral a marine life have been devastated. by life

won't be able to flourish and grow like it's always been able to and it affects the food chain it's a community of land and sea species here this is a disaster this oil cannot be allowed to remain. this you. know so you've read the cleanup effort is enormous including government authorities the military and thousands of volunteers because it has to be over $300.00 beaches along 2000 kilometers of coastline must be cleared of crude oil. but yeah this disaster with this kind of oil that can't be detected by satellite has never happened before in brazil or in fact anywhere in the world but what brazil now has multiple environmental disasters playing out at once in the amazon a burst toxic mining dam. and now this. and for more i'm joined now by john tave she's a reporter for the associated press she joins us tonight from rio de janiero don

it's good to have you on the program do we know more about where this oil is coming from and do we know why why is interpol now getting involved and well thanks for having me so brazilian authorities investigate it for 2 months and look into dozens of ships that had been navigating close to brazil coast around july and august and they did some testing from some poles will click on the beach and found that it all was coming from an agenda but they still didn't know what happened and only a few days ago the brazilian police said they suspected that a greek cargo exhumed and the ole on its way to singapore and but the ship owner as the united states and so brazilian authorities requested quick ration from interpol to help with it's a geisha into the ship and the crew and the company all right so this could be a criminal investigation as well as an investigation into an environmental disaster

talk to me about the impact that this is having on the environment. so i think the impact is on the environment abuse he and but it's also a fisherman who depends on on. people restaurants hotels tourists. and people have been not doing this because they fear that the fish is contaminated and there has been some initial stanleys made by several universities here that have shown that most people would and fish was indeed contaminated and they have found well in there they just and risk respiratory systems and so recruitment a great through a very difficult time right now and we're talking about dozens of thousands of fisherman because you know it's about 2000 kilometers of coastline and the government has said they are going to help but that might be insufficient because

the fishermen are are not properly registered and so it's creating a real problem and and as you mentioned is also the environment i think the coral reefs could be impacted and they have already started seeing small amounts but they might be more to come and so this is terrible for the fisherman and it is in the southern hemisphere summer is coming what does it mean for tourism we know that you know brazil's beaches they they live from tourism. absolutely the northeast of brazil where this is happening is the beach this nation for christmas and new year's eve which as you said follows in the brazil's summertime. this high season hasn't started yet so there hasn't been that and every significance cancellations of punny days are bookings but the next couple of weeks are going to

be. you know very telling we'll see what's going to happen but it's obviously a big threat and people are scared although as for you know today there hasn't been a significant impact yet on tourism but we'll see what happens over christmas and you know and what about this this environmental disaster for the president mr bowles an hour ago he has come under fire for how he's handled this situation i mean how damaged is he. said the problem that many people have said that the government's response was too slow that it was too late so too late experts and very mentalists and even people from within the government have been criticizing the government's response now we must remember that this is a very. says you be kind of all it's heavy oil crude oil and it's moving below the surface of the water so it's very difficult to track satellites still

work planes monitoring don't work either so it's been very difficult 1st to know what their reaction it was going to do and also to know if. if that. is the all the worst of the all is behind us and has it. jonty reporter for the associated press joining us tonight from rio de janeiro the latest on the mysterious oil spill there off the coast of brazil kyung thank you very much. well the day is always done the conversation however continues online you'll find us on twitter in the news or you can follow me abroad go off t.v. let us know what you think don't forget to use the hash to act the day every member whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day we'll see the next.

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