good job it gave. you a link to news from africa of the world or link to exceptional stories and discussions on the news visit our website d w to tom smart to join us on facebook j w africa. well come to you tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. real meat grown in the lab could come to burgers do away with the need for mass livestock farming. the secret life of stone what makes these celestial bodies shine. and. challenge a gas with unique abilities how plasma helps wounds heal and could fight cancer to

. the global population is growing and with it the demand for moves. but no scale large stock farming isn't ecologically selves. it not only requires a lot of land it also emits huge amounts of greenhouse gases. as a result vegetarianism is also on the increase worldwide lab grown meat has long been in development and could offer a climate friendly alternative. introducing the future of meat on the menu steak cake origami salami and children special straight out of the tube. no animals were harmed in the making of these carnivorous treats. because this meat was grown in a lab. these futuristic creations are only dummies they're on display at

a museum in munich germany. the focus is on food of the future. in vitro tissue is widely used in medicine scientists have cultured skin elopes and even heart valves in so-called bio reactors. so why not go a step further. and grow steak n schnitzel to it's actually pretty simple you extract a muscle stem cell from a living animal it's then cultured in a nutrient rich solution where it multiplies. the stem cells develop into muscle cells. which grow together to form muscle fibers. the process takes a few weeks 20000 of them make up one burger. dutch pharmacologist

mark post presented the 1st ever lab grown burger back in 2013 that burger cost around 250000 euros to develop testers consumed it at a public event their verdict was that it tasted like meat but it was a little on the dry side. 6 years later mark post continues to cultivate meat in his lab at mastery university he's added fat cells to the recipe intended to make the lab grown meat tastes juicy or we haven't tasted it with the fat yet so we don't quite know what we imagine that the taste will improve and also the picture will improve have being more juicy than before the calculations show that it will end up with something like 1011 euro for a hamburger. but that price would only be possible if the lab grown meat is mass produced. so far the scientists output has been limited to what they can grow in

the lab but in theory the implications could be huge a single muscle stem cell could be the source of enough meat to feed millions of people and all that without a single animal being harmed. zevi of others among a team of experts the german government has commissioned to conduct a mere analysis of lab studies proponents of in vitro meat say the technique has the potential to make factory farming redundant thereby saving resources and protecting the environment but what does the research say it's kind of if life started called it depends on the type of meat in vitro growth would reduce the number of animals that need to be found in the case of beef far less land would be needed for chicken and pork it would be less to you but the advantages far bigger for being this on board is her fault as the same applies to harmful emissions. with beef methane is

a major problem that could be avoided. if cultured meat production really does take off this is how factories might look in the future. but 1st there's a problem that needs to be solved the nutrient solution in which the meat grows. up to now scientists have been using fetal bovine. 0 it's extracted from pregnant cows at slaughterhouses. the substance comes from the blood of the foetus and distracted from its still beating heart it provides rich conditions for growth but there are ethical questions surrounding its use. we are using it as a reference. but we have replaced serum with plant based substitutes we know what those proteins are in serum that rick that are necessary for proliferation of the cells so we make the proteins ourselves some progress on

the ethical front then but on the technological level there are still some major hurdles to be overcome so far the quantity of meat that can be grown is fairly limited. without blood vessels and connective tissue there's only so big you can get. so when it comes to lab grown meat we may have to train the hardy steaks we know for this so when will the lab grown meat be market ready. about 2 and a half years in fiber so what you always hear is 2 to 5 years people always say it'll be on the market in 2 to 5 years that's the number you hear today but it's also what they were saying 5 years ago in the technological obstacles associated with mass producing in feature me even though a lot of research has gone into it a still many. in 2 to 5 years or maybe

a bit longer but some date lab grown meat probably will end up on our dinner plate . now over to you we asked you on facebook what you think will be eating in the future. down this. scientists will come up with pills that contain enough this humans and nutrients for the human body then just pill. design of hopes one day will have great taste of. frantic is less optimistic he thinks we won't be able to tell what's real and what's fake because of all the biotech and all food he says that will result in even more had health problems under shorter lifespan. river predicts that our field will in future come from 3 d.

printing. and isabel writes because of all the environmental damage the traditional sources of animal protein will no longer be feasible maybe we'll eat more insects instead. thanks for your comments. of pleasure at least for most of us and fast food is as popular as ever but it has one big disadvantage it typically leads to weight gain. obesity is on the rise in many parts of the world it $24.00 countries over 30 percent of the population is now obese it's a problem that increases the risk of heart attacks and diabetes how about going on a diet. for those nasty calories for a few weeks and lose weight before you know it. but that's not all that happens when you go on a diet temptation is all around how does your psyche react. that's what american

researchers wanted to find out. first they determine the level of the hormone cortisol in more than 100 test subjects half the group was put on a diet the other half made a control group after 3 weeks there cortisol levels were measured. again the levels and the control group are almost the same but in the diet group cortisol levels have risen markedly by about 17 percent cortisol causes heart rate and blood pressure to rise it's the body's primary stress hormone. but stress is not the only effect that dieting has on the psyche. in a supermarket hungry people reach for high calorie foods more often in order to satisfy their cravings our actions are driven by desire and gratification these impulses are controlled by the ventral tegmental area the v t

a which is part of the brain's reward system british scientists used m.r.i. scans to examine how hunger influences this area of the brain some of their test subjects were allowed to have breakfast others weren't then the scientists showed them various photos they wanted to see how the bta responded. the subjects brains hardly reacted to neutral pictures but they did respond to pictures of food in particular the brains of the hungry subjects reacted more strongly than those of the others. and they responded most strongly to images of fattening food. the biggest problem is that people trying to stick to their diets must constantly battle against their own hunger or appetite and that causes confusion. as was shown by studies in sweden 850 children and adolescents were questioned about their eating behavior and body awareness. adolescents who dieted

frequently were less positive about their bodies. since. they were also significantly less able to recognise when their bodies were telling them that they were hungry or they've eaten enough it's still not clear exactly how diets influence our body awareness but it's possible that the more often we diet the more likely we are to actually gain weight. the problem is right right right and even if you never do you have a science question that you've always wanted oncet we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text over smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you catalog just on sc. you'll find us online at d.f.w. dot com slash science old get in touch on twitter or facebook. coal

fired power plants generate electricity always the same amount of guaranteed steady supply but they also pollute the environment. the power of being generated here is much less of a burden on the environment but the sun and wind don't always shine and glow in the energy is needed. good good planning solves that problem. the way the danish baltic sea island of adam by 2025 it aims to be completely common you carol. right now we have an overproduction in the green energy from our winter. but we also fully aware that our need for electricity in the near future will be completely different than it is today so we need to prepare for this future very near future. 6 wind turbines currently

generate more electricity than the island 6000 inhabitants need. one in 10 islanders has a financial share in the wind power system but they're not planning to build more in this beautiful setting but to upgrade them to make the most powerful. has been using solar power since the 1990 s. the energy collected is stored. there's heat in here well insulated water basins when winter comes around they're reheated with subsidized wood chips but it's not so easy to control elektra's steel production with renewables of course we have a lot of production when we have a lot of wind even though we have a lot of wind sometimes the wind turbines are stopped because there is. a lack of capacity in the transmission grid so we stop wind turbines. and we maybe we could

use this instead of stopping the wind turbines maybe you could use the electricity . better. in its bid to go carbon neutral faces the classic problem of renewables sometimes there's too much wind and solar energy and sometimes too little. possible answers to the problem including a lab or storage systems like the water tanks on their do or the expansion of the grid with pylons crisscrossing europe. at the university of southern denmark professor and his interdisciplinary team at the ceiling another strategy for their aim is to achieve decentralized energy management with smart solutions doesn't. the goal of the project is to show that it can be done. i like to cite a nice example from the medieval times that people used to eat potatoes produced by local farmers. nowadays locally produced energy should also

be used locally to relieve the strain on the big grid. the island is an ideal place for his project copy d.m. the microcosmic systems developed there could be rolled out in mainland municipalities with closed loop energy production according to blame the aim is not just to improve the organization of energy production but also its consumption and its much given for if for example i had wind forecast then they would also be integrated then you wouldn't charge up the vehicle at 6 pm when everyone else was doing it. you would create some kind of timetable. these forecasts are pretty challenging but we believe that we're on the right path. and one advantage in denmark and an editor in particular is that many people are environmentally aware the ferry brings plenty of people to be island who are

traveling by car go by not just by car local businesses are doing mabbitt whisky distiller michelle needs and wants to ensure that his distillery and future microbrewery make the best use of the island's an energy supplies. our heating plants are programmed so that they operate during the night at 4 am when the electricity is available all energy consumption has to be scheduled to take place where no one else needs any energy or. a combination of expertise planning and technology should help to harness the island's energy as efficiently as possible in the future. alice sun is not only a source of sustainable power it also warms the a prerequisite for life. but if we look at the entire milky way we find the sun isn't actually thought special it's just one stone among many.

that is until the end from the philippines sent us the question. what is a star. we can see up to 6000 stars with our naked eye they only appear as that will dots since they're incredibly far away. in reality stars are gigantic celestial bodies made of hot balls of ionized gas in the interior of the star there's such high pressure and temperature that lightweight nuclei like hydrogen fused together to form heavier ones like helium. this nuclear fusion process generates light starlight one star is a cosmic terms right on our doorstep the sun it's the only star that we've been able to study in great detail. compared to the earth the sun may be

gigantic but among stars it's classified as a dwarf. astronomers classify stars based on the spectral characteristics of the light they emit. on a plot of their luminosity versus their color most stars appear in a continuous band known as the main sequence in the midst of it is our sun a fairly average star. the smallest stars are called red dwarfs. they use up their hydrogen so slowly that they're likely to continue burning for trillions of years our sun by contrast is expected to shine for just 12000000000 years. this nebula contains the heaviest star identified by astronomers to date researchers are mystified by how it could accumulate so much mass this

colossal star is too 165 times as massive as the sun and 10000000 times brighter. once it's exhausted its nuclear fuel it may explode in a supernova while its core collapses to form a dense neutron star or even a black hole all the chemical elements of the jets during this process are the building blocks for everything all the planets and even life everything we're made of including the iron in our blood is the stuff of stars without the sun's light and heat the earth would be a dead planet it's our life giving star and it only looks like a tranquil celestial object satellite images reveal a sea the boiling sun that hurls clouds of electrically charged particles into space. these solar flares also reach the earth at their most harmless they cause spectacular polar lights but solar storms can also pose

a danger to sensitive technology and to organizations astronomers use giant telescopes to study the magnetic fields of faraway stars by analyzing the like the image the data helped to answer. questions about the conditions around the stars and determine whether they may be orbited by habitable planets just like the earth . stars are comprised primarily of extremely hot plasma. is often called the 4th state of matter because it's neither solid liquid nor a normal gas. but plasma isn't only found in space it can also be produced and used here on earth to catch sheets of metal for example to make this light shine and plasma can do

a whole lot more. close myrt is the term for a hot electrically charged gas with very unusual characteristics it occurs naturally in the sun. normally it's extremely hot but scientists have managed to generate what they call cold room temperature which are proving very useful in medicine. this is real life science fiction we're using plasma to treat patients with moons that haven't healed for months or even years and it really works. in order to generate plasma all the physicists need is a bottle of. wires and electrodes electricity and a container when the voltage is applied the neutral particles of the gas are ionized in the electric field created in the container and there you have plasma but what is plasma exactly. it's

a gas that conducts electricity thanks to charge carriers and i correct these charge carries in it just by applying a voltage. tests have shown that plasma is lethal to bacteria viruses and fungus killing them with impressive speed but it does not appear to harm human tissue. we were tall in fact plasma helps to speed up the healing process in other ways to. stimulate soul growth so on the one hand i'm posting cell growth while on the other reducing the bacterial infection so it kills off the bad and stimulates the good the good. the gripes fall university hospital doctors and physicists are working together to study the different ways that patients can benefit from this therapy they've been treating wounds both with and without plasma so they can compare the results they're also developing various plasters through which the plasma can flow to treat

different sized wounds the teamwork is crucial if. we need the physicists because the equipment still has much more potential that can be utilized that's because the instruments don't yet have the right shape we're still discussing distances and surfaces. then you have the important aspect of whether it's working biologically in the direction that the doctors want for a particular condition if not do we need to make adjustments or do we need to change the composition of the plasma. the scientists are continuing to work on instruments for applying the plasma they're also testing barry stass compositions one of their goals is to develop a plasma and a scope for use inside the body as well. when treating fresh wounds they use a cold plasma pen device on a daily basis. hope there's some curse of the anti microbial effect allows us to kill off bacteria and viruses for chronically infected wounds that's vital

and we can also stimulate the micro circulation increasing blood supply to the smallest blood vessels. every 3 days they conduct a test they want to know to what extent the wound is still infected so far there have been no side effects observed from the treatment the test results show treating a wound with plasma every day for one minute reduces the presence of bacteria by 99 percent. killing off the bacteria allows the wounds to heal but that alone doesn't account for the considerable success of the treatment the scientists have discovered the plasma has 3 main effects firstly it kills bacteria. secondly it stimulates cell growth and thirdly it increases the supply of oxygen to the tissue. the scientists are now also researching whether plasma could be used to

treat cancer initial findings suggest it could kill off cancer cells while at the same time stimulating the growth of healthy cells the scientists made the discovery by accident. it was while we were treating larger wounds from a number of patients underneath the wounds that were tumor cells then we suddenly realized the tumour cells were disappearing too. but research into potential cancer treatment is only in the early stages in dentistry meanwhile plasma is already widely used to sterilize the mouth for example before implants are fitted or to treat gum disease by using plasma and oxygen to reduce bacteria in the mouth. the medical applications of plasma already being taught in universities with research ongoing it's likely that many more people will benefit in the future from the healing properties of plasma. that's all for today

next time we're off to mozambique and the garden goes on national park where they will join a young scientist to study some of the park's tiniest presidents. join us for that on tomorrow and today but by.

today i write a long before more border between east and west berlin. i would like to see what remains of the history of the divisions in europe germany temporally in. searching for traces of the berlin. coming up on dollar. he wanted to smash the berlin wall long

before it finally found. a lazy all fish of a new york state you know linda byrd is actually better known as the legend of german rock music. let's find out more about his amazing man mr who goes into a. 30 minute school. i think is everything challenging and i make a muslim. school much different culture between here and there challenging for empathy. for the symbols the same i think it was worth it for me to come to germany

. sharpen my got my license to work as a swimming instructor here to share knowledge teach children other dogs to swim fast just as for. what's your story take part share it on info migrants' dot net. nico is in germany to learn german. published in the fall why not learn with him online on the mobile and free to sas from the w z learning course because vic. is you know i mean you're monotonous he. goes oh no there's cynical me. i'm a seen us all up without it but i. didn't get what it said on what it. what i'm probably going to be sort of. what in the can i see run up or is a term of this you know i mean in your monotonous incline you know what ink i put

is sort of a moment now to. me number one and unanimous. the show could go because as you've read yes it's a. question i. cannot i've only said that a car going to where they're being fun to. conceive because as you say as it. this is data but the news in these around top stories olivia's president evo morales has bowed to opposition pressure and resigned it comes after weeks of protests sparked by reports of fraud in october's poll results the victory would have given a further 4th consecutive term in office. voters in spain taken part in parliament elections the governing socialist party looks set to win the most states but not enough to secure.