the middle of his election campaign to turn the camera back on of course in the year 2000 a documentary secretly kramer called a power grab and. actually i think everything was precisely planned in structure to the freedom of russia. vladimir vladimirovich to the ends justify the means. to terms with mrs starts december 13th on d w. by wright's venice shouldn't really exist with its 124 islands and countless bridges and kells this city in northern italy was built in the middle of a marsh. it's proof of human or dangerous mist and our ability to must in

nature. some advantages there are many beautiful cities in the world but venice is in a class a bit on the porch of unaids here. every year more than $30000000.00 tourists come to marvel at the palazzo surround the grand canal. these stately townhouses are architectural masterpieces built using techniques that are unique worldwide. then seems to float away to slee over the water but in fact the entire city stands on a forest of wooden tiles 10000000 logs were driven into the mud contrary to all prevailing rules of urban construction. the architects of the time conquered the lagoon to build one of the world's most extraordinary cities but the water is a continual threats even today. brooke denniss palaces with staff. the danger posed by the war. will they gradually sing.

the history of the nest began more than one and a half millennia ago and a large stretch of warsame the northern mediterranean on the asiatic coast of italy . and again on the southern edge of the else is 50 kilometers long and tension on it has winds. at one time it consisted of brackish water sand and mud and inhospitable place of little interest to anyone. then in the 1st century coastal inhabitants discovered the lagoon as

a refuge. of the lagoon was a natural fortress it was very difficult for enemies in their sailing ships to find their way around here being the only the locals knew all the channels so they didn't have to build walls or. even architectural historians like tonight tell our collab you know very little about the 1st welling's built this area. that is imagining there are just a few paintings which give us an idea of what things may have looked like on riata island sound to the core of the settlement with that straw thatched wooden huts it was located on reality of it because that was the only property mother and i thought the 1st buildings in ancient venice were built on the most stable areas of the namely out o. comes from alto which indicates a high location by the river with the name of the district also duro includes the word for solid the early city was built at sites like the 3 of us in.

this beginnings was still centuries away from the venice of palaces and bridges we know today. the 1st finished. and it's lived on small islands separated by wolves and. each island had a small village with a similar structure and essential open space with houses of around it and a church in the middle. this was a live look at that explains why there are so many churches and small squares here bill. because they were the center of these all the micro towns treat all. over the centuries the small islands were linked by bridges which were often built over the water at strange angles. in the 2nd century building space

gradually became scarce. the problem could only be solved by developing new manmade areas but that was far from easy the best of that it didn't consists of sediment and much crisscrossed by numerous water courses building ground that was in constant movement. in one of the on a hill logically speaking this is neither solid ground nor the sea the ground varies considerably on the one hand almost it is characterized by the sand which the rivers transport from the land. out in the reeds there are pizza oils are the totally different consistency so venice is built on various layers of different density and that makes for problems why do we see so many slanting church towers. because they are not standing on just one type of substrate.

then this is church tile is leaning to one side but they do not topple over. so how did architects manage to build on this difficult ground without the buildings collapsing. the secret is to be found in simple wooden posts. hundreds of thousands of them were driven into the bed of the lagoon. depths of 3 to 8 meters below the surface architects had discovered in layer of sedimentary clay known as kind until beneath the mud. by driving the posts into this layer of clay a stable building foundation was made possible. civil engineer dino chu morning explains the principle was the father will be in order to stabilize the building substrate wouldn't piles were driven into the bed in each area. if sufficient piles are used in the areas then so that with water the mud between the piles becomes

compressed and thus more stable than everything outside the area the piles keep everything together and prevent the substrate from being washed out that's the principle behind ground stabilization of the body. in this way the venetians created man made areas on which an entire city could gradually be built. because architects had discovered that the wooden piles did not bronze in the mud. the poles. underneath the buildings in the mud. that had been playing in oxygen free environment certainly none of the microbes that would normally think a word can get into that. the wood undergoes

a process of mineralization it turns rock hard and remains intact for centuries. the most famous the nation buildings were constructed on this building ground of mud and wood. said not square with its balance how it stands 110-0000 wooden pines. the foundations of the relative bridge rest 112000 pounds. and more than $1000000.00 wooden tiles were driven into the lagoon for the impressive last salute to the silica which is built of marble. there are between 8 and 10 i wouldn't piles of research where metre this week with entire city stands on an incredible number of. so it's rather like the opposite of a forest. here the troubles are function like roots it is.

all in all an estimated 10000000 wooden piles have been driven into the liquor a large proportion of what used to be the northern italian forest. predominantly oak and large chunks from the surrounding regions was shipped to the lagoon to create extremely expensive building ground. if you're going to pull out the foundation accounted for half the construction costs the other half went on the buildings themselves so the section under water was just as expensive as the part we can see. all of them this is 400 plots instead of these unique foundations. from the letter the century these architectural masterpieces were built on the constantly moving bed of the lagoon and the sandbags in order to build them the architects had to

come up with something special because they faced several towns at once. it means providing protection from the rising and falling some people said. designing buildings that were as light as possible. and building on a moving substrate. the solution they came up with was brilliant they placed a wooden construction on the piles and weighted down with several layers of bricks . on top of this they built a surround of white stone from istria on the adriatic it formed the 1st line of defense against the south forbes. that deals with the interface between the water and that that resists an infinitely long time because it's not probable to the salty water. the resistant strain stone is unaffected by the rise and fall of the

sea level so. the heights of this protective wall corresponded to the tidal range in this way the water was prevented from coming into contact with the most sensitive note bearing. book good reason the palaces on the stone base were designed with the maximum of 3 fields. they understood when they were building that they couldn't make it to have a because they knew that it was all relatively spreads mud into nodes it could tatters but still come tops and cause the subsidence. slender columns and large windows in the efforts to build with minimum waves the architects created the special venetian style elegant and graceful. but despite the

lightweight construction method by no means had all the challenges been overcome. given more then because the movements of the ground in the water here are so variable the buildings themselves could not be too rigid. but here to the venetians came up with clever solutions like using special reasonal building materials such as law and mortar. it was used in the construction of the brick walls applied as a cement substitute it has the advantage of remaining flexible. less sure saying that obama along the line was probably the most important construction material because of its adaptability and it doesn't get as hard as cement architects always wanted to build what they wanted and how they wanted not to be restricted the materials. to remain flexible in the future to me of the vision done with. that

will subside to the flooring between the stories. they used wood which is also a flexible material. and not a trick and should flexibility with the wall and the floor joint. little plastic teams were set in the walls in such a way that they could always move within them. flexible and subtle venetian buildings are like living organisms which adapted form to the vagaries of the moving substrate. today the traces of this constant adept taishan are visible in many places in the form of to stores had to silence here and there cracks appear inside the buildings as well. although there have been

a couple of instances of subsidence some for sods have become distorted and tilt slightly but not one of the venetian palaces has ever collapsed. beneath his architect's constructed the building so well that they can even withstand the frequent earthquakes in the region. i remember my father in law telling me about when there was the earthquake in for you only in the 1970 something and vallis felt the shocks of that very strongly and where we live as very big windows you know with lead holding the panes of glass and he said that the windows just moved like the sails of a boat and then came back in place not one of those little thing was cracked then fell out. there is a well. in the courtyard of every plant say. by developing

a sophisticated system for collecting rainwater venice is brilliant architects solve the problem of the city's drinking water supply. water flowed through these holes in the ground and into the underground chamber it's filled with extremely fine sand. after seeping through sand the clean water then rose again in a well shaft. in this way they also wanted to conduct the water from the gutters into the wells and it really was an ingenious system one unparalleled worldwide all these wells were still in operation in venice until the early 20th century with you know the need for. every square in the city has a well in all its architects created $900.00. by the late 15th century venice had 170000 inhabitants more than ever before this is he was in

its heyday thanks to its powerful fleets of ships built in the lagoons shipyards venice dominated comus in the mediterranean region. the city built on water was totally in its element like a fish and water. venetians had created an architectural jewel in the north italians are good. but nature was to turn on them in a dramatic way. as a result of human interference in the green system of channels to facilitate shipping new dangers began to threaten the blossoming influential city. the earth was having a serious effect on the bed of the lagoon and the title water levels. the natural balance in the goon was under threat.

centuries later venice is still a proud and beautiful city but over the centuries the lagoon changed completely. shipping traffic and industrial utilization increase dramatically and left their marks in the course of industrialization a 1000 wells was sunk in order to access the groundwater beneath the bed of the lagoon. in the 1950 s. up to 40000 cubic meters of water removed every day. civil engineer pietro teenie describes the consequences for venice these generate a. decrease of the pressure. and when the pressure of the

trees in the basie the mentoring mazing the basin is these producer compaction lost the sight of the rooms and along the wording of the land surface right now we call it subsidence land subsidence. as a result of this learn subsidence venice subsided by 14 centimeters in nearly 30 years. after a disastrous flood and $966.00 the practice of pumping up the groundwater was discontinued. but the damage to the city is in preferable to last 14 centimeters can never be regained global warming and rising sea levels are increasing the threat and they've already seen the water rise by a further 10 centimeters. in all the water is now $24.00 centimeters higher up on the buildings than at the time they were built and that. left visible traces.

most of the affected areas can be recognized by the green zones on the buildings this is where the water rises and falls with the time it's. it's not major floods that are causing the greatest damage to the city but try to change. the local if you so water comes and goes incessantly. with each new time the salt will it is now also reaching the bricks another falling the architect centuries old preventative measure has the ring of history in stone can no longer protect the palaces from the world. the world is always against the great and the great very timeless and. leaving behind the souls which crystallise and as so it's crystallized they expanded the body and 12 times i'm not like it's

a very kind of slow way you can say exploding brick. the sun torture is also attacking the law most have between the bricks loosening them and weakening the entire building structure. to provide more stability more and more steel barry is a being a wrecked it in the city's canals. today one in 3 venetian finance is damaged and in need of renovation and that is not only the result of the daily tide change much about its are an even bigger problem they stir up the water above and below the surface. just get us out of it by the constant boat traffic it's very bad for the masonry. the boats propellers churn up the water which edition. only the roads the walls. once the masonry has been weakened. the water also

impacts the foundations on the ground. a little bit you know boats are always travelling past the building. and if it's the number of boats and the frequency of boat traffic that is threatening the walls. the churned up water gets into any cracks in the brickwork and thracians the entire building structure it also loosens the compacted between the piles the centuries old foundations on which the building stand in the attempt to limit the damage the city has introduced a speed limit for water taxis. to launch cruise ships which head for the begin every day are a further problem. these big ships move huge volumes aborter you know that's a principle that's still

a body and we've been at the bottom of this if it knew that one day and have to get it to the last through a narrow the focus of the local level rises and then goes down again with the powerful to be hit it's like i wash water that moves within you know over tens of seconds or minutes and that's very detrimental to the building foundations. subsidence of the lagoon beds the rise of the water level and the waves created by boats and ships mean that venice is trace him from all sides. the only way to save the city is valuable buildings is to drain the canals for basic restoration work but that must be done with great care. the chook a lot of the work only takes place and drain sections with

a maximum length of 50 meters through draining the canals leads to a settling of the geological layers and that can result in damage to the neighboring. so a canal can be drained or longer than 3 months. today more modern methods are also being applied in order to stabilize the walls chemicals are introduced into the lime mortar. they prevent more to getting into the bricks all these measures are carried out by hand. that is why restoration work in venice is more expensive than elsewhere. at present the city has no more than 2000000 euros a year available for preserving its buildings but the actual summer needed is 13000000. the water to which the city owes its uniqueness and its wealth is

now turning against the venetian just. today one 3rd of the ground floors in venice are uninhabitable. and rising water is threatening the buildings more and more often. global warming which is resulting in a gradual rise in the sea level will intensify this development even more. modest than to give these venice is destined to go under that is not my prediction but that of people who deal professionally with marine and climate issues in the prediction as being down in the end of an essentially the same in the sea level from the rise my let's in between 20405060 something later. the demise of venice no longer seems to be merely a pessimistic scenario. con so once again the engineer ity of italian i. architects and engineers is called for to save the city.

or. the most a project is an elaborate and expensive attempt by the italian authorities to say venice. concrete foundations weighing many tons have been sunk at all 3 looking in in let's. get in there but i'll try and floodgates at high was if these can be raised as far as the boston level requirements. there is no doubt that if it is ever completed the most a project will be an engineering masterpiece. but skeptical voices warn against euphoria. and most yes the most a project is important but it's not the sole solution it's inconsistent i believe to want to protect the city from super floods without at the same time protecting

it from decay grow. that is why another idea is to raise the subsided bed of the lagoon and with it the entire city. what sounds like a crazy plan was developed by researchers at the university and neighboring padder well. we don't well still play. on our own ass circular shape we do with a young earth or don't know me interests and we inject the water into it. he said in arkansas system that if you look at the me through the 601000 meters below the. grazing such a huge area with an entire city on it is an ambitious enterprise which no one has ever attempted to form the plan is to pump 50 liters of salt water per 2nd thing. the wells and into the substrates over

a period of 10 years researchers have calculated the better philocleon could be raised by between 20 and 25 centimeters. the water level in the canals with tensing but the same amount but the plan is not without risks you cannot do it. in a short time we don't want to generate any any structure. and for this reason we have to do to inject at the same rate. raising the bed of the lagoon would recover the last $24.00 centimeters the project is still in the planning stage research is awaiting full funding for the 1st comprehensive tests. should it possible to save the masterpieces of a nation architecture from the consequences of human made problems. no one wants to see this city go under venice needs visionaries like those who

built it people who will think the impossible in order to achieve something magnificent. plan . eco india. gifts for the gods are harmful for the environment and the sacred flowers are poisoning indian water supplies. a company in mumbai is trying to change that it collects waste and uses it to color textiles. in 39. on t.w. .

i think is everything challenging 1st and i think a muslim. so much different culture between here and there challenging for everything. from a 7 year was worth it for me to come to germany. got my license to work as a swimming instructor i'm sure now our 2 children wanted us to swim fast just to show. your story take part share it on info migrants dot.

this is d w news live from berlin the death toll rises as iran cracks down on protesters amnesty international's reporting more than 100 people have been killed during protests over hikes in fuel prices also on the show. president trump is out at the impeachment hearings in congress calling them a disgrace and an embarrassment that.