world. leader for power and boundless ambition of the middle east into a crisis. was an instance of the cold storage nov 27th on t.w. . you're watching tomorrow today the science show on d w. coming up d.n.a. not hard drives is this the data storage medium of the future. and we look back to the past to the age of prehistoric cave paintings we left this art on the rock walls one researcher has an interesting theory. and we had to mozambique where in the garden grows a national park a young scientist is exploring the world and this is.

where to put all our data floppy disks magnetic tape all that belongs to the past the amount of data we produce is ever grabbing forecast say in a few years it will amount to 175 is this of bytes that's $175.00 trillion gigabytes and our normal storage media only lasts around 30 years well it all end up in the cloud there's another idea of storing data in d.n.a. . then apply for tyler d.n.a. has 2 advantages 1st the data in d.n.a. is extremely durable under the right conditions it can last around a 1000 years and the 2nd d.n.a. is very compact you can store vast amounts of data in a tiny space by. robert gross is a chemistry professor at e.t.h. sir. university. together with a team of researchers he's developed

a way of storing digital files like m p 3 s. all to official genetic material. the d.n.a. molecule consists of 4 nuclear bases abbreviated to a c.t. and. the computer assigns a binary code of zeros and ones to. the d.n.a. synthesizer creates a strand of artificial d.n.a. that the digital file is stored on and the committee to be read. the percepts is still very complex and expensive i see companies like microsoft have been investing in d.n.a. storage and 1st present. them as you can volunteer data storage is getting better every year computers are getting faster but the physical properties that our

computers currently work with can't keep valving forever at some point will reach a limit it's just a matter of physics so the industry is looking beyond the principles of physics and into things like biology and chemistry and what principles that are out there that could be used to store data and when you think about it d.n.a. is the answer. dauphine it in organizations who believe. d.n.a. is especially interesting as a long term storage solution. because humans will always be interested in analyzing their own genetic material the devices that read d.n.a. a very unlikely to become obsolete. d.n.a. can also last a very long time under the right conditions samples of ancient fossils and mammoths frozen in permafrost have shown that the molecules can stay intact for thousands of years. the problem is the d.n.a. only remains stable if the bones samples have been perfectly preserved. even in the

laboratory a d.n.a. molecule to case after just a few months there is in the new the solution we have is a kind of artificial fossil basically trying to create the equivalent of a bone or a bone is a piece of calcium phosphate with d.n.a. inside it and what we're working on is a small glass beads with strands of d.n.a. inside. the in austria and parked in. the d.n.a. should last up to a 1000 years preserved in glass the beads a so small they can only be seen under an electron microscope each beat contains about 10 killer bytes of data about 2 pages of a book. just innocently sometimes. what you can see in this image is about 20 or 30 pages of a book of the beauty but remember these particles are at 200000 times magnification

you know if they really are incredibly small. so if you have 20 or 30 pages here and we zoom out a bit then you have a whole book on the screen. and a bit further out and it's not like that now you have the whole floor of the library. sort of people have taken to not if you go even further out you have billions of these tiny beats so you have a whole library on something the size of a speck of dust and from there and they're constantly taken apart. right now they can only store a few 100 megabytes and that's why so a lot more development is needed before we have a whole library stored in d.n.a. . d.n.a. is also the stuff of research into evolution new genetic analyses have been shaking the human family tree for example d.n.a. tests have shown that neanderthals and modern humans into acted and even into bred

. for a long time neanderthals were considered somehow inferior to homo sapiens also in terms of their culture but a study of cave paintings could shed new light on neanderthals. is scraping away at the past just a few milligrams of this limestone is enough to shed new light on human history. his findings are changing how we perceive some of our earliest ancestors i need a number of archaeologists no doubt found our results hard to swallow when we 1st published them and we got a lot of criticism i think many felt that it didn't fit in with. what they thought they knew so it couldn't be right off of congress. but hofmann and fellow archaeologist. and allister pike remain undeterred here in spain in the

cave out of dallas they're continuing to look for more proof of their results. that's why they're collecting limestone samples from the calc area center on the ceiling but it's not actually the line stone itself they're interested in they've discovered red ochre pigment underneath that's. how did the pigment get there. it wouldn't occur in the cave naturally. it's clear. that this is from the top it's been purposely applied and they've gone to a lot of trouble it's right in the leashes it's been sprayed splattered and spat on to the surface we don't know exactly but it's definitely the work of humans. but who exactly they need clues that would determine the age of the pigment there's no way of testing the age of the pigment itself but what the scientists can do is test how old the limestone is that's covering it then they'd know the minimum age

of the oak or underneath. the studies carried out by hoffman and his colleagues have shed new light on a longstanding question. who were europe's 1st cave painters we know that modern humans 1st arrived in europe between 40 and 45000 years ago much of what we know about how they lived we've learned from cave paintings. there were clearly artists among them but the idea that some cave paintings in europe could be much older was considered out of the question. as the general assumption is that only modern humans were capable of creating art so the logical conclusion is that cave paintings in europe can't be older than 40 or 45000 years because only venn did modern humans arrive. that's the theory but the findings of his colleagues have up ended all that. they've already dated the

limestone deposits covering remnants of paintings in another part of the dallas cave. their results show the ochre pigment on this center was placed there at least 64000 years ago in other words long before modern humans came to europe. so who were the cave painters. with a minimum age of 64000 years it could only have been the neanderthals at least according to what we know right now. and that finding was something of a sensation for archaeologists. until now it was believed neanderthals were not capable of symbolic thought which would suggest language ability so did neanderthals paint the ceiling in the cave of our dollars to.

do kaufman has brought the limestone samples back to his laboratory at the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology in let's say germany. the limestone contains radioactive which can reveal when it was deposited. knowing how old the limestone is will reveal the minimum age of the painting beneath it. this is always the most exciting moment when you have all the data together and they produce an age it's quite nerve wracking unfortunately this time i'm not jumping up and down for joy. just sample here is from 13000 years ago and so that's when the limestone was formed which means the red pigment must have been painted on the ceiling some time before that. warden zine but the analysis can't show just how long before

hand so in this case they cannot determine who the k painters were. surfaced and of course we still can't rule out that the neanderthals were responsible for the paintings but this data doesn't prove it either. do kaufmann and the other archaeologists are continuing their search europe has thousands more undated cave paintings. they history of our species homo sapiens is also not set in stone 2 years ago at the general it could excavation saucer morocco an international team of research has made a spectacular find fossilized bones of homo sapiens that were. 100000 years older then all previously known remains with a skull and teeth similar to those of modern humans this poses a major challenge to the widely accepted notion that homo sapiens arose in east

africa 200000 years ago. the oldest earth 12 probably bacteria they are thought of colonized our planet 3770000000 years ago they can even live in parent ice and the cooling water of nuclear power plants and of course inside us past month i wanted to know more. how important are the bacteria in our bodies. each one of us is home to trillions of invisible co-residents our body weight includes some 2 kilograms of microbes living both on our skin and insiders researchers call this bacterial zoo the micro biome. mouths alone contain around 600 different kinds of bacteria. and there's a plethora of microbes in the esophagus and the stomach to. most of the bacteria live in our intestines. there's precious little research data on how they interact

and what role they play because less than half of them can be grown outside the human body for study purposes. it's only been 10 years since microbiologists 1st had the necessary technology to research the composition of the guts bacterial environment. while what we eat influences the bacteria in our gut our gut flora in turn has an impact on how much we weigh it's composition determines how much energy our bodies can extract from food. healthy foods help to keep the good bacteria healthy worse fast food can weaken them. with serious consequences imagine that your body is a bustling city and the intestines all the control center for essential functions. like the police fighting criminals the go to bacteria keep certain microbes in

check so that they don't make us sick. they can even help to synthesize substances we need to stay healthy like put them in p. and vitamin k. . because bacteria also work as trash collectors as they ferment indigestible fiber they produce short chain fatty acids a source of energy. good bacteria also release happy hormones such as dopamine and serotonin. entering the blood circulation they are transported to the brain where they have an uplifting effect on our mood. around what is right right. even if you. do you have a science question that you've always wanted oncet we have you to help out send it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. if you'll find us on line on our website

d.w. dot com slash science and on twitter and facebook. these creatures are definitely not known for their deity. that's the naked mole rat is an amazing animal this borrowing rodent has an usual physical traits that enable it to survive in a harsh underground environment it feels no pain is extremely long lived and its heart and brain can function for a time without oxygen. and that's what has scientists very interested in the naked mole rat. and what about you we asked on facebook which animal are you most impressed by and why. o'connell it's the busy bee he admires their social organization and the benefits

they have for us humans. cull fun is most impressed by elephants he writes when it comes to helping each other they show us the way to live in solidarity. feels as favorite is the wood frog it's able to tolerate the cold in winter by cooling down so far that its heart stops beating until the spring fall. will is most impressed by that we could nya this attractive graceful animal produces a fine and highly prized bull it lives in the andes at altitudes of more than 4000 meters. and ricardo is well up by the mexican axe a lot of especially by its ability to regenerate its limbs and scientists are

pretty impressed by that to. 1800 adult actual levels live and the research institute of molecular pathology in vienna. one of its fields of research is the biology of organ regeneration. catalina luster's researching the actual of those ability to recruit limbs. one of legs amputated under anaesthetic a new one grows from the animal's remaining cells. the right leg on this actual level is an original limb the other. i guess in the process of growing back. particularly kind of cell is mainly responsible for the regrowth process fibro blasts to show us these than the actual level caught up in our most anesthetizes one of the m 50 ends with the help of u.v.

light she can then examine these special cells. and the fiberglass and connective tissue cells are marked read to people left after an injury the 530 this presented herself and they can regenerate bone cells for example could. progenitor cells differentiate into all kinds of cells rather like stem cells they make it possible to replace cells from lost or injured limbs. if the spinal cord is injured the actual level is initially unable to move its tail or back legs the injury is visible under u.v. light there's a gap in the spinal cord. as. we always use the full anaesthetic when we enter the spinal cord there are 3 methods the 1st is to remove part of the tail the 2nd is to partially remove the center of the spinal cord and also night and the 3rd which is

newer is to create a spinal cord compression similar to a human injury so i mentioned signs like. in people's spinal cord compressions can lead to permanent paraplegia. the reason for this is that over time scars build up in the injured tissue which prevents new nerve fibers from connecting with the muscles. without this connection the brain cannot control the muscles and so the paraplegia remains this is very different in x. a lot because they grow new spinal cord tissue without any scars. the cells that form scar tissue in the human spinal cord do not form scars and acts a lot of but they do generate new nerve cells because there are no scars nerf i. can grow out from the injured area and can reconnect enabling the spinal cord to function again which means that the creatures can move again so if you can just myself you know baby. and that breaks the question how did these small amphibians

develop the ability to do something so remarkable. as would be unforgivable we can't answer that yet but what we do know is that x. a lot of us are highly cannibalistic and they buy parts of which i think legs and tails off. and these then regrow. but whether that's the reason why we generation has evolved in these creatures that's something we don't know stuff and you can dismiss me. now we move on to a creature with somewhat less exotic properties the humble and industrious and but even here there are plenty of remarkable things left to discover and study. world wide there are 13 fowls and species of ants and they've colonized practically every continent. at the goring goes the national park in mozambique

a young researcher is taking a closer look at these creatures. when nor enough sente sets out on expedition into grown goes on national park she often head straight for the feedback tree forest chances are good that a young scientist will find what she's looking for there she's research and with the help of an aspirator she gathers specimens of every species she finds. a lot of paper was. a big thing such as. why. and. i really want sure the paper the big and. any importance and system but also slow one and so because they provide for your.

ecosystem would look very different without bounds the performing port on tasks such as spread in seats. just in plants and distributes new trends within the forest by decompose in large quantities of organic matter. and one of the world's most liked sets for animal funny their presence in almost every habitat and how to develop in an incredible variety of ways percent estimates that national park alone harbors over $300.00 different species. why it's so fascinating because you see we have different worlds we have a different landscape and also have to contribute in terms of diversity offer and. no you know if the center

belongs to the new generation of female scientists in goza the park wants to see more women working to protect its wildlife u.n. figures show that countries with great agenda inequality also have greater levels of forest cover lost air pollution and other environmental problems. they sent his colleague lauer out carmel a spot of the d.n.a. bar code study aimed at analyze and and identifying the pox types she supports the gender policy if you look at our new farm and our science department we have more women than men by the way to actually you cool that have been having men around all these and i'm not saying that we should at all is what your goals are and if you have an entity in general being very good the work done here is part of the world wide on the taking to catalog all even creatures and decode the d.n.a. the global genetic database will better understanding of the diversity of life on

earth and the different functions of species that 2 women hope they will inspire girls to consider careers in science and conservation so what we do we do you need to know this but it needs our own heart oh no you know they get married and they have kids because they make up a family that even before they can have a chance to finish school and it's important for them to have role models. community development is central to go and goes on national parks conservation approach it's authorities want to turn local residents into nature conservation allies using education clinics and economic development that yet it. has to be key elements in this is the girls club led by 2 mentors girls meet in the village to learn and discuss problems. melody is the leader of the program for hair

education is the basis for everything here and now i think of it as she should have all the girls clubs was basically to encourage parents to send their girls to school and because we men generally do not have a value in this community is and also they are not empowered and nobody gives value to the education of women. for the power to this is a long term strategy it will hopefully guide people out of poverty and generate opportunities for young woman to lead self-determined lives maybe some will even join the sentry and her colleagues on google's a scientific team. in recent months not enough sente has already identified 200 species she's the 1st female scientists to map this diversity in goza and certainly want to be their last. check a lot of effort to move this gigantic apparatus to its new workplace now the device

dubbed kathleen is in cars who are in southwestern germany where it's carrying out extremely precise measurements on some of the rarest particles in the universe so. join us for that next time on tomorrow today by. the. mood. to. move.

on a. come to want to. discover the bauhaus effect if you almost can't overestimate the central influence of our house was on the 1st straining. how the radical ideas developed by an art school travelled around the world 100 years ago the house. to house world part to be a shack. 15. 100

soft eaves in my columns. where i come from abroad your remains an import fountain soft transmitting a new and for a mish and when i was young my country was drawing home from. the war problem which keeps most people would gods about entourage to see. it was my goal to tory in one off the lot of just dodgy sets so i thought everyone in the town cold listening to those updates. nothing has been from inside my own coffee at enjoy one thing more of them so long even thought i caught. i was it's one. my choice this cat

because given the way told transmitted to the troops. and. did he. look closely. carefully. those soon. to get. discovered and. subscribe to. documentary to.

plague. play. this is the news live from berlin chinese authorities tightening their grip on hong kong border controls are stepped up between the mainland and the territory we'll talk to a democracy protester who was arrested as the border and a hooded by chinese police also coming up. israel's benjamin netanyahu indicted on corruption charges the israeli prime minister has called the charges a coup and says he will not resign. plus it is never too late to find.